Bitki-Patojen İnteraksiyonlarının Yeni Paradigması: Bitki İmmünolojisi; Temel Kavramlar

Öz

İnsan ve hayvan hastalıklarından doğal korunma ile ilgili çalışmalar bir kaç asır öncelere kadar uzanmaktadır. Bu yöndeki ilk adım, İngiliz Edward Jenner (1749-1823) tarafından atılmıştır. Çok uzun yıllardan beri, bitkilerin mikrobiyel elisitörleri algılama sistemlerine sahip olduğu bilinse de, immünoloji terimi adı altında bitkilere ait bağışıklık ile ilgili çalışmalar yaklaşık son 15-20 yıldan beri tasnif edilmiş olup konu ile ilgili özellikle Türkçe kaynak ve ülkemizde deneysel araştırma çalışması yeterli düzeyde bulunmamaktadır. İmmünite (rezistanslık-dayanıklılık); infektiyöz hastalıklardan bireyleri koruyan, doğal olarak meydana gelen savunma mekanizmasının tamamıdır. Belirli bir mikroorganizmaya karşı vücudun direncidir şeklinde de ifade edilebilir. Bitkiler; bakteri, fungus, protista, böcek, vertebra gibi birçok organizmalar için zengin bir besin kaynağıdır. Hayvanlara benzer immün sistemleri olmasa da, bitkiler yapısal, kimyasal ve istila eden organizmaları tanımak amacıyla protein yapıda bir dizi mekanizmalar sistemine sahiptirler, böylece yıkıcı bir zarardan korunmak için zararlıları durdurabilirler. Karmaşık bir yapıya sahip olan bitki immün sistemini harekete geçirmek için önce patojen tehdidinin bitki tarafından algılanması gerekir. Bitkinin bu algılama olaylarını anlamak için öncelikle savunmada rol oynayan ve patojenden türeyen aracı moleküller ile bitki immün mekanizmasının fazlarının bilinmesi gerekir. Özellikle bitki immün sisteminin çalışma modelini kavrayabilmek için, bitki immünitesinin farklı aşamalarını ilgilendiren ve elisitör molekülleri olan MAMPs, PAMPs, MIMPs, MAMP reseptörü, efektör, dayanıklılık (R) proteinleri, PRR, ETI, PTI vb terimleri yakından tanımak ve aralarındaki farkları ortaya koymak amacıyla bu çalışma derlenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki immünoloji,Efektör,Rreseptör,Savunma mekanizması

Novel Paradigm of Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Plant Immunity; Basic Concept

Abstract

Research on natural protection of infectious human and plant diseases extend for a few centuries. British Edward Jenner (1749-1823) is the pionner in immunology. Although it is known, sight on microbial elicitors perception of plants, plant immunology concept is classified for 15-20 years, turkish data and experimental studies related with is insufficient with regret.  Immunity is total defense mechanism to infectious diseases to protect body. It can be also defined as is body resistance to the spesific microorganism. Plants are rich food source for several organisms such as bacteria, fungi, protist, insect, vertebrate. Even though there are no animal-like immunity mechanism, plants have a series of mechanisms encompassing constitutional, chemical and proteinaceous compounds to detect invading organisms, thus they can cease devastating damage by pests. Foremost, presence of pathogen has to be perceived by plants, for acitvation of sophisticated plant immune system. So understanding sensing cases, intermediate molecules form microorganisms to discriminate self and/or non-self for plants and phases of immune mechanism is unraveled. In particular, the present review purposes to identify similarity and differences immune elicitor molecules such as MAMPs, PAMPs, MIMPs related to distinct phases of plant immunity and to elucidate events linking MAMP receptor, effector, resistance (R) proteins, PRR, ETI, PTI etc terms.  

Keywords

• Plant immunology,Effector,Receptor,Defense mechanism

Kaynakça

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