Bakteriyal Biyofilmlerin Biyolojik Önemi ve Etkili Kontrol Stratejileri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 218 - 230, 29.06.2018

Demet Hançer Aydemir

Öz

Bakteriler, canlı yüzeylere olduğu kadar protezler ve
kalıcı tıbbi cihazlar gibi cansız yüzeylere de yapışabilir ve hücre dışı
polisakkaritler, proteinler ve diğer bileşenlerden oluşan bir biyofilm
oluşturabilirler. Biyofilm içinde büyüyen bakteriyel patojenler, pek çok
antibiyotik etkisine ve doğuştan gelen bağışıklık sistemine dirençlidirler.
Biyofilm oluşumu, konak canlıda antimikrobiyal maddelere olan direnci
arttırdığı gibi iltihabi reaksiyonları tetikleyerek kronik inflamasyona bağlı
kalıcı infeksiyonlara da neden olabilir. Tüm mikrobik infeksiyonların %60'ından
fazlasının biyofilmlerden kaynaklandığı tahmin edilmektedir. Özellikle
klinisyenler bakteriyel biyofilm oluşumunun ve bunlarla ilişkili hastalıkların
öneminden daha fazla haberdar edilebilirse, bu konuda daha fazla araştırma
yapılıp yeni tedavi yaklaşımları geliştirilebilecektir. Bununla birlikte,
biyofilmlerin zararlı etkilerini gidermek için etkili stratejiler geliştirme
girişimleri yapılmaktadır ve mikrobiyal biyofilmlerin yok edilmesi için uygun
bir terapi tasarlamak için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu
derleme ile bakteriyel biyofilmlerin biyolojik önemi ve bakteriyel
infeksiyonların kontrolü ve tedavisi için umut vaat eden etkili kontrol
stratejilerinin özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bakteriyal biyofilm, biyofilm direnci, quorum sensing, antibiyofilm stratejiler

The Biological Significance of Bacterial Biofilms and Effective Control Strategies

Öz

Bacteria can adhere to inanimate surfaces, such as
prostheses, permanent medical devices, as far as living surfaces, and can form
a biofilm composed of extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and other
components. Bacteria growing in the biofilm are resistant to many antibiotic
effects and the innate immune system. Biofilm formation may increase resistance
to antimicrobials in the host, as well as induce inflammatory reactions,
leading to persistent infections due to chronic inflammation. More than 60% of
all microbial infections are estimated to be due to biofilms. Especially, if
clinicians are made more aware of the importance of the bacterial biofilm
formation and associated diseases, more research and new treatment approaches
can be developed. However, attempts have been made to develop effective
strategies to counteract the harmful effects of biofilms, and further research
is needed to design appropriate therapies for the destruction of microbial
biofilms. In this review, it is aimed to summarize the biological significance
of bacterial biofilms and the promising effective control strategies for the
control and treatment of bacterial infections.

Anahtar Kelimeler

quorum sensing, Bacterial biofilm, biofilm resistance, antibiofilm strategies

Kaynakça

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