Sleep quality and related factors in individuals aged 20 and over consulting primary health care centers

Abstract

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and to identify related factors among adults. Methods: This study was among adults aged ≥20 years registered at Primary Health Care Center in August-September 2022. Primary outcome was sleep quality, which was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Secondary outcomes were sociodemographic, lifestyle, health characteristics, sleep-related factors, anxiety-depression. Chi-square test for categorical variables was used in univariate analysis, logistic regression models in multivariate analysis was used. SPSS version 23.0 was used for analysis, type-1 error accepted as 0.05. Results: Participant’s average age was 40.98±13.68 years. 34.6% of participants had poor sleep quality. 12.7% of them had abnormal level anxiety while 8.5% had abnormal level depression. Between total PSQI score and anxiety-depression, there was a moderate positive correlation (r=.375,p<0.001;r=.468,p<0.001,respectively). Being older (RR=1.07(95%CI=1.04-1.10)); being female (RR=5.1(95%CI=1.9-13.6)); living in semi-urban area (RR=2.9(95%CI=1.3-6.5)); shift/part-time work (RR=3.9(95%CI=1.1-14.0)); smoking (RR=2.7(95%CI=1.1-6.7)); sleeping in dim light (RR=6.0(95%CI=2.5-14.5)) or sleeping in bright light (RR=9.5(95%CI=3.3-27.5)); being stressed (RR=5.0(95%CI=1.7-14.3)); borderline (RR=3.6(95%CI=1.1-11.3)) or abnormal level (RR=9.5(95%CI=2.6-34.4)) anxiety was found to be related to poor sleep quality. Conclusion: One out of three people had poor sleep quality. Increasing age, gender, low socioeconomic status, negative lifestyle, poor sleep hygiene and mental health were associated with poor sleep quality. Health-promoting activities should be held to encourage individual’s positive health behavior development, in chronic disease follow-ups, sleep quality should be questioned. Since sleep hygiene and mental health were important determinants of sleep quality, people should be informed about how to improve these.

Keywords

• Sleep Quality
• Sleep Hygiene
• Anxiety
• Primary Health Care

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