Assessing long term trends of air pollutants and associated health risks imposed on residents in Bolu (Turkey) during winter

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 102 - 122, 31.08.2019

Fatma Öztürk , Melek Keleş Özgül

https://doi.org/10.20518/tjph.427342

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to
evaluate the long term and seasonal variation of PM10 and SO2 in the the Bolu
city center between 2006 and 2017 in relation to meteorological parameters and
to evaluate the health risks due to metals bound to particulate matter (PM)
during the winter season. Method: The Seasonal Kendall (SK) test was
performed on the air quality data to find the magnitude of associated trends.
In addition, seasonality of these pollutants was evaluated in conjunction with
the meteorological parameters. Furthermore, daily PM samples in two different
size fractions were collected between December 2014 and February 2015 and
analyzed for metals by WDXRF. The generated metal concentrations were used to
estimate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks imposed on the
residents of the city.  Results: The SK test revealed statistically
significant decline in SO2 and PM10 with a rate of 1.953 and 2.932 µg/m3/year,
respectively, at 5% significance level. Both of the parameters depicted very
clear seasonal cycles. Performed exposure risk assessment indicated that dermal
contact with PM bound metals was the main route of exposure for children, while
the adults were more prone to non-carcinogenic risks from exposure through
inhalation. Conclusion: Overall,
children were found to be more susceptible to non-carcinogenic risks as
compared to adults. The cancer risks due to As and Pb were within the
acceptable limits (< 1×10-4).

Keywords

Air Pollution, Bolu, Particulate Matter, , Sulfur Dioxide, Risk Assessment

Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz bölgesinde kış mevsiminde toplanan PM2.5 ve PM2.5-10 örneklerinde belirlenen ağır metallerin sebep olduğu maruziyet riski değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hava kalitesini
belirleyen iki önemli kirletici olan PM10 ve SO2 seviyelerinin Bolu şehir
merkezinde 2006 ve 2017 yılları arasındaki uzun dönem ve mevsimsel
değişimlerini meteorolojik parametreleri dikkate alarak incelemek ve kış mevsiminde
toplanan PM örneklerinde belirlenen metallerden kaynaklanan sağlık riskinin
belirlenmesidir. Yöntem:
Bolu şehir merkezinde izlenen SO2 ve
PM10 seviyelerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir azalma olup olmadığı ve
azalma oranı Seasonal Kendall (SK) testi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Bununla
birlikte bu iki kirleticinin mevsimsel değişim göstermedikleri meteorolojik
parametrelerle ilişkileri dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Aralık 2014-Şubat
2015 tarihleri arasında iki farklı dane boyutunda toplanan PM örnekleri WDXRF
cihazı kullanarak metal içeriklerinin belirlenmesi açısından analiz edilmiştir.
Üretilen metal konsantrasyonları şehirde yaşayan halkın maruz kaldığı
kanserojen olan ve olmayan sağlık risklerinin hesaplanmasında kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Veri setine uygulanan SK testi ile %5 anlam seviyesinde SO2 için bu
dönemde azalma oranı 1.953 µg/m3/yıl, PM10 için ise 2.932 µg/m3/yıl olarak
bulunmuştur. Her iki parametre de bu dönemde çok belirgin mevsimsel değişim
göstermiştir. Üretilen veri seti ile yapılan maruziyet riski değerlendirmesi
ile çocuklar için cilt temasının erişkinler için ise solunumun partikül maddeye
bağlı metallerin insan vücuduna geçmesinde ana yol olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Genel olarak, çocukların kanserojen olmayan risklere yetişkinlere
kıyasla daha hassas oldukları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında
değerlendirilen metallerden As ve Pb için hesaplanan kanser riskinin kabul
edilebilir (< 1×10-4) değerin altında olduğu saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Bolu, Partikül Madde, Kükürt Dioksit, Hava Kirliliği, Risk Değerlendirmesi

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