ALT EKSTREMİTE DİSFONKSİYONLARI İÇİN ÇEKİRDEK STABİLİTE EĞITİMİNİN BİLEŞENLERİ, PARAMETRELERİ VE SONUÇLARI: DENEYSEL DENEMELERİN SİSTEMATİK BİR İNCELEMESİ

Öz

Amaç: Bel ağrısının tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan çekirdek stabilite egzersizlerinin, son zamanlarda alt ekstremite disfonksiyonlarının rehabilitasyonunda etkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Ancak, egzersizin bileşenleri ve parametreleri hakkında bilgi eksiktir. Bu nedenle, bu sistematik derlemenin amacı, alt ekstremite fonksiyon bozuklukları için çekirdek stabilite eğitimi üzerine kanıtları sentezlemek ve egzersizlerin ana bileşenlerini, parametrelerini ve etkilerini belirlemektir. Yöntem: Ocak 2000 ile Mart 2024 tarihleri arasında PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ovid, Cochrane ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında sistematik bir arama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Makaleler önceden tanımlanmış kriterlere göre taranmış ve kaliteleri PEDro ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çekirdek stabilizasyon egzersizinin bileşenleri, parametreleri ve sonuçlarına ilişkin veriler çıkarılmış ve betimsel olarak sentezlenmiştir. Bulgular: Tespit edilen 2393 makaleden yedisi kriterleri karşıladı. Beş çalışma hem izometrik hem de izotonik egzersizler içeren egzersiz programı uyguladı; mekikler, köprüler, dört ayak duruşu ve transversus abdominis kasılması en sık kullanılan egzersiz rutinleriydi. Çalışmaların çoğu, her hareket için 5 saniyelik tutuş ve 6-8 tekrar ile izometrik egzersiz kullandı; izotonik egzersizler için ise çoğu çalışma her hareket için 2-3 setten 10 tekrar kullandı. Ağrıda anlamlı azalma ve kas gücü, hareketlilik, denge, ayak postürü ve eklem stabilitesinde iyileşme bildirildi. Sonuç: Çekirdek stabilite eğitimi, lumbopelvik kontrolü geliştirerek atletik olmayan bireylerde alt ekstremite fonksiyon bozukluklarını iyileştirmede umut verici sonuçlar göstermektedir. Ancak, çalışmalardaki heterojenite nedeniyle, en etkili bileşenlerin ve bunların çeşitli alt ekstremite sonuçlarındaki etkilerinin belirlenmesi için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çekirdek stabilizasyonu
• Egzersiz terapisi
• Alt ekstremite
• Postural denge
• Propriosepsiyon

THE COMPONENTS, PARAMETERS AND OUTCOMES OF CORE STABILITY TRAINING FOR LOWER EXTREMITY DYSFUNCTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS

Abstract

Purpose: Core stability exercises, widely used for treating low back pain has recently been reported to rehabilitate lower extremity dysfunctions. However, information on the components and parameters of the exercise remains scarce. Hence, the aim of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on core stability training for lower limb dysfunctions and determine the key components, parameters, and impact of the exercises. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ovid, Cochrane, and Google Scholar) was carried out covering the period from January 2000 to March 2024. Articles were screened based on predefined criteria and their quality was assessed by using PEDro scale. Relevant data on the components, parameters, and outcomes of core stability exercise, were extracted and descriptively synthesized. Results: Out of 2393 articles identified, seven articles met the criteria. Five trials administered exercise programme containing both isometric and isotonic exercises, with curl ups, bridges, quadruped stance and transverse abdominis contraction being the most frequent exercise routines. Most of the studies used isometric exercise with 5-second hold and 6-8 repetitions for each movement while for isotonic exercises most studies used 10 repetitions of 2-3 sets per movement. Significant reduction in pain and improvement in muscle strength, mobility, balance, foot posture and joint stability were reported. Conclusion: Core stability training shows encouraging outcomes in improving lower limb dysfunctions in nonathletic individuals by enhancing lumbopelvic control. However, due to heterogeneity in studies further research is needed to establish the most effective components and their impact on various lower limb outcomes.

Keywords

• Core stability
• Exercise therapy
• Lower extremity
• Postural balance
• Proprioception

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