Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve İklim Değişikliği: Kırılganlık, Etki Ve Çözümlere Yönelik Bir Bakış

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 130 - 148, 13.01.2026

Yılmaz Başar Özer

https://izlik.org/JA85XP27BS

Öz

Bu makale, iklim değişikliğinin toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve eşitsizlikleri üzerindeki karmaşık etkileşimini incelemektedir. İklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet temelinde farklılaştığı ve mevcut eşitsizlikleri derinleştirdiği giderek daha fazla kabul görmektedir. Kadınlar ve kız çocukları, sosyoekonomik konumları ve toplumsal normlar nedeniyle iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz sonuçlarına karşı daha savunmasız olabilirken, iklim eylemi ve adaptasyon süreçlerinde de önemli roller üstlenebilirler. Bu makale, iklim değişikliğinin farklı toplumsal cinsiyet grupları üzerindeki etkilerini analiz ederek, toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifini iklim politikalarına entegre etmenin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, toplumsal cinsiyete duyarlı iklim çözümlerinin sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve eşitlik hedeflerine ulaşmadaki potansiyelini tartışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

iklim değişikliği , toplumsal cinsiyet , kırılganlık , adaptasyon , iklim politikası , toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği

Gender and Climate Change: A Look at Vulnerability, Impact, and Solutions

https://izlik.org/JA85XP27BS

Öz

This article examines the complex interplay of climate change on gender roles and inequalities. It is increasingly recognized that the impacts of climate change differ along gender lines and deepen existing inequalities. While women and girls may be more vulnerable to the negative consequences of climate change due to their socioeconomic position and social norms, they can also play important roles in climate action and adaptation processes. This paper analyzes the impacts of climate change on different gender groups, highlighting the importance of integrating a gender perspective into climate policies. It also discusses the potential of gender-sensitive climate solutions in achieving sustainable development and equality goals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

climate change , gender , vulnerability , adaptation , climate policy , gender equality

Kaynakça

• Alston, M. (2017). Gendered outcomes in post-disaster sites: public policy and resource distribution. içinde Climate change and gender in rich countries (pp. 133-149). Routledge.
• Alston, M. (2014). “Gender mainstreaming and climate change.” Women’s Studies International Forum, 47, 287-294.
• Amorim-Maia, A. T., Anguelovski, I., Chu, E., & Connolly, J. (2022). Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity. Urban climate, 41, 101053.
• ASEAN Centre for Energy. (2025). Women at the heart of a just and inclusive energy transition: The importance of gender-responsive energy policies.
• Bradshaw, M. J., Fordham, M., & Harford, S. (2013). Women, girls and disasters: A review for DFID. Overseas Development Institute.
• Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139–167.
• Dazé, A., & Dekens, J. (2018). Towards gender-responsive NAP processes: Progress and recommendations for the way forward (NAP Global Network Synthesis Report, 2017–2018). NAP Global Network. http://napglobalnetwork.org/resource/towards-gender-responsive-nap-processes-progress- recommendations-way-forward/
• Demir, E., & Öter, E. G. (2023). Afet ve acil durumlarda toplumsal cinsiyet ve kadın sağlığına etkileri. International Conference on Scientific and Academic Research (Vol. 1, pp. 332-341).
• Djoudi, H., Locatelli, B., Vaast, C., Asher, K., Brockhaus, M., & Sijapati, B. B. (2016). Beyond dichotomies: Gender and intersecting inequalities in climate change studies. World Development, 84, 220–232.
• Dünya Bankası ve Küresel Afet Riski Azaltma ve İyileşme Tesisi (GFDRR). (2021). Gender Dimensions of Disaster Risk and Resilience: Existing Evidence (Afet Riski ve Dayanıklılığın Toplumsal Cinsiyet Boyutları: Mevcut Kanıtlar). Dünya Bankası Grubu.
• Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO). (2014). Gender, Climate Change and Health (Toplumsal Cinsiyet, İklim Değişikliği ve Sağlık). Dünya Sağlık Örgütü.
• Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve UNICEF. (2023). Hanehalkı içme suyu, sanitasyon ve hijyen (WASH) alanındaki gelişmeler 2000-2022: Toplumsal cinsiyet üzerine özel odak. Cenevre ve New York: Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuklara Yardım Fonu.
• Elmhirst, R. (2011). Introducing new feminist political ecologies. Geoforum, 42(2), 129-132.
• Enarson, E. (2000). Gender and natural disasters. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 18(3), 39-52.
• Enarson, E., Fothergill, A., & Peek, L. (2017). Gender and disaster: Foundations and new directions for research and practice. Handbook of disaster research, 205-223.
• Equimundo. (2016). Men, Masculinities and Climate Change: A Discussion Paper. Equimundo.
• FAO. (2011). The state of food and agriculture 2010–11: Women in agriculture closing the gender gap for development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
• GCF. (2018). GCF gender equality and social inclusion policy and action plan 2018 – 2020 (Report No. GCF/B.19/25). https://www.greenclimate.fund/document/gcf-b19-25
• IFAD. (2020). Making agricultural and climate risk insurance gender inclusive: How to improve access to insurance for rural women. IFAD. https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/0/INSURED_brief_4pager_200203_W.pdf/2e1b5d00-f467-8b21-1c16-cc9a785630d4
• IPCC. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.
• IRENA. (2019). Renewable energy: A gender perspective. International Renewable Energy Agency. İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı (İKV). (2025). Türkiye ve AB’de İklim Politikalarında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliğinin Yeri (Değerlendirme Notu). İstanbul: İKV Yayınları.
• Kaijser, A., & Kronsell, A. (2014). Climate change through the lens of intersectionality. Environmental Politics, 23(3), 417-433.
• Massey, D. (2013). Space, place and gender. John Wiley & Sons.
• McKinney, L. A. ve Fulkerson, G. M. (2015). Gender Equality and Climate Justice: A Cross-National Analysis. Social Justice Research, 28(3), 293-317.
• Neumayer, E., & Plümper, T. (2007). The gendered nature of natural disasters: The impact of catastrophic events on the gender gap in life expectancy, 1981–2002. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 97(3), 551-566.
• Okay, N., & İlkkaracan, İ. (2018). Toplumsal Cinsiyete Duyarlı Afet Risk Yönetimi. Dirençlilik Dergisi, 2(1), 1-12.
• Perkins, P. E. (2018). Climate justice, gender and intersectionality. T. Jafry, K. Helwig, & M. Mikulewicz (Eds.), Routledge handbook of climate justice (pp. 349–358). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315537689-26
• Rao, N., Lawson, E. T., Raditloaneng, W. N., Solomon, D., & Angula, M. N. (2019). Gendered vulnerabilities to climate change: insights from the semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia. Climate and Development, 11(1), 14-26.
• Rocheleau, D., Thomas-Slayter, B., & Wangari, E. (2013). Feminist political ecology: Global issues and local experience. Routledge.
• Sithara Balan V. & Sreechandana C.S. (2025). The Intersectionality of Gender, Climate Change and Resilience: A Critical Review. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 15(5), 404–414.
• Sultana, F. (2022). Critical climate justice. The Geographical Journal, 188(1), 118-124.
• Swim, J. K., Vescio, T. K., Dahl, J. L., & Zawadzki, S. J. (2018). Gendered discourse about climate change policies. Global Environmental Change, 48, 216–225.
• Talu, N. (2016). İklim Değişikliği ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Politika Belirleme Süreçleri. Yasama Dergisi(33), 68-87.
• Terry, G. (2009). No climate justice without gender justice: An overview of the issues. Gender & Development, 17(1), 5–18.
• United Nations. (2021). UN Women: The Strategic Plan for 2022–2025: Document for the UN Women Executive Board, second regular session of 2021 (UNW/2021/6). https://docs.un.org/en/UNW/2021/6
• UN Women. (2024). Explainer: What is gender-responsive budgeting? https://www.unwomen.org/en/articles/explainer/what-is-gender-responsive-budgeting
• UN Women. (2024). Enhancing Gender-Responsive Nationally Determined Contributions: Insights from the Gender Equality and Climate Policy Scorecard. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women.
• UN Women. (2024). Gender Snapshot 2024. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women.
• UN Women. (t.y.). Gender equality: Definitions.
• UNDP. (2011). Gender and climate change: Asia and the Pacific. United Nations Development Programme.
• UNDP. (2017). Gender Equality Strategy 2018-2021. United Nations Development Programme.
• UNDP. (2018). Technical paper on integrating gender into climate change adaptation interventions in Africa (Thematic Monitor 2). https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/TM2_Africa_Gender-and-Adaptation.pdf
• UNDP. (2017). Overview of linkages between gender and climate change
• UNEP. (2021). Gender and environment. Erişim tarihi 21 Nisan 2025, https://www.unep.org/sudan/gender-and-environment adresinden alınmıştır.
• UNFCCC. (2023). Five Reasons Why Climate Action Needs Women. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
• UNFCCC. (t.y.). Introduction to Gender and Climate Change.
• UNFPA. (2009). State of world population 2009: Facing a changing world: Women, population and climate. United Nations Population Fund.
• UNFPA. (t.y). Sexual and Reproductive Health in Humanitarian Response
• Karagöz & Can Bitkin. (2024). Cumhuriyet’ten günümüze kırsalda kadın. M. Kantar Davran(Editör), Kırsal ve tarımsal yaşamda kadın II (s. 17–32). İKSAD Yayınevi.
• Ünür, E. (2021). Afet Yönetiminde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği: Doğal Afetlerde Cinsiyete Dayalı Zarar Görebilirlik Farkı. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 351-381.
• World Bank. (2019). Climate change and women's economic empowerment. The World Bank.