Learning from Mistakes: A Thematic Analysis of Flight 401's Situational Awareness Lapses

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 10 - 23, 31.01.2025

Ezgi Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.15659/tjss.2025.001

Öz

Situational awareness stands as a cornerstone in aviation, holding paramount significance for safety, operational efficiency, and crew training. The dynamic aviation environment necessitates perpetual elevation of the crew's situational awareness through comprehensive training programs. Effective communication within the crew fortifies this foundation, creating an environment where situational awareness thrives. This trait is not merely desirable but a critical component in averting aviation accidents. The Eastern Airlines Flight 401 accident stands as a poignant case study in aviation safety history, offering crucial insights into situational awareness lapses. This analysis employs a thematic approach to unravel the intricate circumstances that led to the tragedy, focusing on key factors such as aircraft descent, cockpit instrument functionality, pilots' distraction, air traffic control (ATC) involvement, cockpit warning system operation, autopilot disengagement, and the subsequent emphasis on Crew Resource Management (CRM) and cockpit communication. Practical implications stress the importance of comprehensive training, effective communication, technological understanding, and addressing human factors in aviation safety. The enduring legacy of the Eastern Airlines Flight 401 accident underscores the recognition of Crew Resource Management (CRM) as crucial, emphasizing enhanced communication, task delegation, and teamwork. Future research directions include exploring aviation technology, investigating psychological and physiological factors affecting situational awareness, scrutinizing Air Traffic Control (ATC) dynamics, addressing challenges tied to technological reliance, analyzing CRM practices, studying human-machine interfaces, evaluating training program effectiveness through simulation studies, fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration, conducting longitudinal studies, and exploring global comparative studies. These research paths aim to enhance our understanding of situational awareness and contribute to ongoing improvements in aviation safety practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Situational Awareness in Aviation, Crew Training for Aviation Safety, Flight Safety Dynamics, Aviation Accident Analysis, Crew Resource Management

Hatalardan Öğrenme: Uçuş 401'in Durumsal Farkındalık Hatalarının Tematik Analizi

Öz

Durumsal farkındalık, havacılıkta temel bir unsur olarak önemli bir role sahiptir ve güvenlik, operasyonel verimlilik ve mürettebat eğitimi açısından büyük önem taşır. Dinamik havacılık ortamı, mürettebatın durumsal farkındalığını sürekli olarak artırmak için kapsamlı eğitim programlarının gerekliliğini ortaya koyar. Mürettebat arasında etkili iletişim kurulması, bu temelin güçlendirilmesini sağlayarak durumsal farkındalığın gelişimini destekler. Bu özellik, havacılık kazalarının önlenmesinde kritik bir faktördür, yalnızca arzu edilen bir nitelik değil. Eastern Airlines Flight 401 kazası, havacılık güvenliği tarihinde dikkate değer bir vaka incelemesi sunar ve durumsal farkındalık hatalarına ilişkin önemli içgörüler sağlar. Bu analiz, trajedinin yol açtığı karmaşık durumları çözmek için tematik bir yaklaşım benimser ve uçak inişi, kokpit enstrüman işlevselliği, pilotların dikkati dağıtıcı etkisi, hava trafik kontrol (HTK) katılımı, kokpit uyarı sistemlerinin işleyişi, otomatik pilotun devre dışı bırakılması ve sonrasında Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi (CRM) ve kokpit iletişimine vurgu yapar. Uygulamaya yönelik sonuçlar, kapsamlı eğitimin, etkili iletişimin, teknolojik anlayışın ve havacılık güvenliğinde insan faktörlerinin ele alınmasının önemini vurgular. Eastern Airlines Flight 401 kazasının kalıcı mirası, Mürettebat Kaynak Yönetimi (CRM) tanınmasını ve iletişimin, görev dağıtımının ve takım çalışmasının artırılmasını vurgular. Gelecek araştırma alanları, havacılık teknolojisinin keşfi, durumsal farkındalığı etkileyen psikolojik ve fizyolojik faktörlerin incelenmesi, Hava Trafik Kontrolü (HTK) dinamiklerinin değerlendirilmesi, teknolojik bağımlılığa bağlı zorluklarla başa çıkılması, CRM uygulamalarının analizi, insan-makine arayüzlerinin incelenmesi, eğitim programlarının etkinliğinin simülasyon çalışmalarıyla değerlendirilmesi, disiplinler arası işbirliğinin teşvik edilmesi, uzun vadeli çalışmaların yapılması ve küresel karşılaştırmalı çalışmaların yapılmasıdır. Bu araştırma alanları, durumsal farkındalığı artırmayı ve havacılık güvenliği uygulamalarında sürekli iyileştirmelere katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Havacılıkta Durumsal Farkındalık, Havacılık Kaza Analizi, ekip kaynak yönetimi, havacılıkta emniyet, durum farkındalığı

Kaynakça

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