Sentinel-2 Uydu Görüntüleri ile Yanmış Alanların Tespiti ve Analizi: İzmir Yangınları Örneği

Öz

Orman yangınları, doğal ekosistemlerde kalıcı tahribatlara yol açmakta; biyolojik çeşitliliği, toprak yapısını ve hava kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, 2025 yılı Temmuz ayı başında İzmir’in Çeşme, Seferihisar, Buca ve Ödemiş ilçelerinde meydana gelen dört büyük orman yangınının çevresel etkilerini uzaktan algılama teknikleriyle değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analizlerde, Avrupa Uzay Ajansı tarafından sağlanan Sentinel-2 uydusuna ait yüksek çözünürlüklü multispektral görüntüler kullanılmıştır. Yangın öncesi dönem için 10 Temmuz 2024, yangın sonrası için ise 5 Temmuz 2025 tarihli görüntüler tercih edilerek, mevsimsel farklılıklar ve bitki örtüsü değişkenliği en aza indirgenmiştir. Normalize Yanma Oranı (NBR) ve Fark NBR (dNBR) indeksleri hesaplanarak, yangının etkisi ve yanmış alanların mekânsal dağılımı QGIS yazılımı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, en geniş yanmış alan Seferihisar’da 96.77 km² olarak belirlenmiş; bunu sırasıyla Çeşme (93.85 km²), Ödemiş (25.38 km²) ve Buca (25.07 km²) izlemiştir. Yangının etkisi, bölgelere göre düşükten yükseğe değişen şiddet aralıklarında sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu çalışma, uzaktan algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri teknolojilerinin orman yangınları sonrası hasar tespiti ve ekosistem iyileşme süreçlerinin izlenmesinde güvenilir ve etkili araçlar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, orman yönetimi ve afet planlaması açısından bilimsel temelli bir değerlendirme sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uzaktan Algılama
• Orman Yangınları
• Sentinel-2
• NBR
• Yanmış alan tespiti

Burned Area Detection and Analysis with Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery: A Case Study of İzmir Wildfires

Öz

Wildfires cause lasting damage to natural ecosystems and adversely affect biodiversity, soil structure, and air quality. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of four major wildfires that occurred in early July 2025 in the districts of Çeşme, Seferihisar, Buca, and Ödemiş in İzmir Province, using remote sensing techniques. High-resolution multispectral images obtained from the Sentinel-2 satellite, provided by the European Space Agency, were used in the analyses. To minimize seasonal variability and differences in vegetation cover, images dated 10 July 2024 (pre-fire) and 5 July 2025 (post-fire) were selected. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and differenced NBR (dNBR) indices were calculated to analyze the impact of the fire and the spatial distribution of burned areas using the QGIS software. According to the results, the largest burned area was identified in Seferihisar, covering 96.77 km², followed by Çeşme (93.85 km²), Ödemiş (25.38 km²), and Buca (25.07 km²). The severity of fire impact was classified across the regions with varying degrees, ranging from low to high. This study demonstrates that remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies are reliable and effective tools for post-fire damage assessment and monitoring of ecosystem recovery processes. The findings provide a scientifically grounded basis for forest management and disaster planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Burned Area Detection
• Wildfires
• Remote Sensing
• Sentinel-2
• NBR

Kaynakça

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