Herbisit Formülasyonlarında Nanoteknolojinin Rolü

Öz

Bitki koruma problemlerini kontrol altına almak için genellikle kimyasal mücadele yöntemine başvurulmaktadır. Yabancı otlarla kimyasal mücadelede kullanılan herbisitler, pestisit grubuna ait olup, dünya genelinde en fazla kullanılan bitki koruma ürünüdür. Herbisitlerin bu denli yüksek oranda, aşırı ve gelişigüzel kullanılması sonucu yabancı otlarda dayanıklılık oluşumu, kültür bitkilerinde toksisite, hedef dışı organizmalarda herbisit kullanımına bağlı olarak etkilenmeler, çevreye ve insan sağlığına olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle, günümüzde herbisitlere alternatif mücadele yöntemleri araştırılmaktadır. Bu alternatif yöntemlerden biri de en son teknolojik gelişmeler içerisinde yer alan nanoteknoloji bilimidir. Nanoteknoloji, genel olarak nano ölçekteki parçacıklardan yararlanılarak makro ölçekte ürünler elde etmeyi sağlayan bilim dalıdır. Nanoteknoloji, 20. yüzyılın başlarında gelişim göstermiş ve birçok bilim dalında uygulama alanı bulmuş olup, bu alanlardan biri de yabancı ot (herboloji) bilimidir. Yabancı otlar, doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak kültür bitkilerine zarar verebilmektedir. Yabancı otları kontrol altına almak için günümüzde herboloji biliminde de nanoherbisitler üretilmeye ve kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Mücadelede tercih edilen nanoherbisitler sayesinde; düşük dozlarda aktif madde kullanımının azaltılmasına, allelokimyasalların etkin ve kolay uygulanmasına, kültür bitkilerinde toksisitenin düşmesine, yabancı otlarda dayanıklılık sorununun azalmasına ve üreticinin maliyet/işgücü yükünü hafifletmekte kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca kontrollü salım mekanizması ile kültür bitkilerinin farklı gelişim döneminde yabancı otlarla mücadele etme fırsatı sunmakla birlikte nanoformülasyon bileşenleri sayesinde biyoherbisitlerin raf ömrünü ve etkinliğini arttırarak, kolay ve pratik uygulamasına imkân sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede, nanoherbisitlerin yabancı ot mücadelesinde kullanım olanakları, avantajları, dezavantajları ve tarihi gelişimi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Herboloji
• nanoteknoloji
• nanoherbisitler
• yabancı otlar
• allelokimyasallar
• biyoherbisitler

The Role of Nanotechnology in Herbicide Formulations

Öz

Chemical control methods are generally used to control weed, insects ets.. Herbicides used in the chemical control of weeds belong to the pesticide group and are the most widely used plant protection product worldwide. Today, alternative control methods to herbicides are being researched due to the formation of resistance in weeds as a result of the use of herbicides at such a high rate, excessive and indiscriminately, toxicity in cultivated plants, effects on non-target organisms due to the use of herbicides, and negative effects on the environment and human health. One of these alternative methods is the science of nanotechnology, which is one of the latest technological developments. Nanotechnology is a branch of science that provides macro-scale products by using nano-scale particles in general. Nanotechnology developed at the beginning of the 20th century and found application in many branches of science, one of these fields is weed science (herbology). Weeds can directly or indirectly damage crop plants. In order to control weeds, nanoherbicides have started to be produced and used in weed science. Thanks to the nanoherbicides preferred in the struggle; It is used to reduce the use of active substances at low doses, to apply allelochemicals effectively and easily, to reduce toxicity in crop plants, to reduce the resistance problem in weeds, and to alleviate the cost/labor burden of the producer. In addition, with its controlled release mechanism, it provides the opportunity to weed control at different developmental stages of cultivated plants, while increasing the shelf life and effectiveness of bioherbicides thanks to its nanoformulation components, allowing easy and practical application. In this review, information is given about the possibilities, advantages, disadvantages and historical development of nano herbicides in weed control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Herbology
• nanotechnology
• nanoherbicides
• weeds
• allelochemicals
• bioherbicides

Kaynakça

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