Bağ ve Bahçelerde Örtücü Bitki Seçim Kriterleri, Ekolojik Katkıları ve Yabancı Ot Mücadelesindeki Yeri

Öz

İnsan sağlığı, ekolojik denge ve bu kapsamda yer alan biyoçeşitliliğin korunması çabaları ile birlikte ekonomik üretim talepleri gün geçtikçe artmıştır. Bundan dolayı tarımsal enerjinin verimli kullanılmasında, tüm tarımsal faaliyetlerin agroekosistem çerçevesinde beraber sürdürülebilmesi kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Tarımsal alanda canlıların varlığıyla, yeraltı-yerüstü su kaynakları ile havanın korunması, ayrıca toprak üretkenliğinin sağlanması konusunda özellikle çok yıllık kültürlerde örtücü bitki kullanımı önem taşımaktadır. Örtücü bitkilerin yetiştiricilik sistemi içerisinde birçok faydası bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan bir taneside yabancı otlarla rekabet etme yetenekleridir. Ekonomik ömürleri onlarca yıl olan bahçe ve bağlarda, daima aynı yabancı ot mücadele stratejilerinin ve yöntemlerinin kullanılması ilerleyen zamanda toprak verimliliğinin azalmasına ve beraberinde kültür bitkisi gelişiminde yavaşlamaya sebep olmaktadır. Bu derlemede çok yıllık kültür bitkilerinde yabancı ot mücadelesinde önemli yere sahip olan örtücü bitki kullanımında belirlenebilecek kriterler, ekolojiye olan etkileri ve yabancı ot mücadelesindeki yeri değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bağ ve bahçe
• örtücü bitki
• seçim kriterleri
• yabancı ot mücadelesi

Criterias of Cover Crop Selection, Ecological Contributions and Importance of Weed Management in Vineyards and Orchards

Öz

With the efforts to protect human health, ecological balance and biodiversity within this scope, economic production demands have increased day by day. Therefore, it has become inevitable for all agricultural activities to be carried out together within the framework of agroecosystem in the efficient use of agricultural energy. With the presence of living creatures in the agricultural area, the use of covering plants is important especially in perennial cultures in terms of protecting the air with groundwater and groundwater resources, as well as ensuring soil fertility. Covering plants have many benefits in the growing system. One of them is their ability to compete with weeds. In orchards and vineyards with decades of economic life, the use of the same weed control strategies and methods always leads to a decrease in soil fertility and a slowdown in crop development. In this review, the criteria that can be determined in the use of cover plants, which have an important place in weed control in perennial cultivated plants, their effects on ecology and their place in weed control were evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vineyards and orchards
• cover crop
• selection criterias
• weed management

Kaynakça

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