Investigation of the Role of Some Antioxidant Enzymes in the Relationship Between Drought Tolerance and Herbicide Resistance in Red Root Amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)

Öz

Abiotic stresses reduce crop yield of plants via morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes. Drought stress increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in the cell, damaging to phospholipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and resulting in chlorosis. Red root amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is drought-resistant, summer annual, and herbaceous plant. It is common along roadsides, cultivated areas, and orchards. Herbicides such as 2,4-D, dicamba, mecoprop, bromoxynil, glyphosate are effective on A. retroflexus but many studies report the development of herbicide resistance in this species. In this study, it has been focused on determining some physiological and biochemical responses of A. retroflexus to short-term drought stress and glyphosate. For this purpose, total chlorophyll, total protein, lipid peroxidation (MDA), H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) amount, cell membrane permeability (electrolyte leakage), APX (Ascorbate peroxidase), and GR (Glutatyon reductase) activities were determined in leaf tissue of 21-day-old A. retroflexus seedlings. Drought stress and glyphosate treatments increased H2O2 and cell membrane permeability and resulting chlorosis in A. retroflexus. Our results showed that A. retroflexus had high ROS damage and low ROS scavenging activity after glyphosate treatment. This indicates that A. retroflexus is sensitive to glyphosate based on antioxidant capacity. In addition, this research shows for the first time how short-term drought stress and glyphosate affect APX and GR activities in A. retroflexus. As a result, it was determined that oxidative stress causes more damage with glyphosate compared to short-term drought in A. retroflexus.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Glyphosate
• Drought stress
• APX
• GR

Kızılbacak (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Bitkisinde Kuraklık Toleransı ve Herbisit Direnci Arasındaki İlişkide Bazı Antioksidan Enzimlerin Rolünün Araştırılması

Öz

Abiyotik stresler bitkide morfolojik, fizyolojik, biyokimyasal ve moleküler değişiklikler yoluyla ürün verimini düşürür. Kuraklık stresi, hücredeki reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROT) konsantrasyonlarını arttırarak hücredeki fosfolipidlere, proteinlere ve nükleik asitlere zarar verir, klorozla sonuçlanır. Yazlık bir yabancı ot olan kızılbacak (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) kuraklığa dayanıklı, tek yıllık ve otsu bir bitkidir. Yol kenarları, ekili alanlar ve meyve bahçelerinde yaygındır. 2,4-D, dicamba, mecoprop, bromoxynil, glifosat gibi herbisitler A. retroflexus üzerinde etkilidir. Ancak birçok çalışma bu türde herbisit direncinin geliştiğini bildirmektedir. Bu araştırma, kısa süreli kuraklık ve glyphosate’ın A. retroflexus’ta neden olduğu bazı fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal yanıtlara odaklanmıştır. Bu amaçla, 21 günlük A. retroflexus fidelerinin yaprak dokusunda toplam klorofil, toplam protein, lipit peroksidasyon (MDA), H2O2 (Hidrojen peroksit) miktarı, hücre zarı geçirgenliği (elektrolit sızıntısı), APX (Askorbat peroksidaz) ve GR (Glutatyon redüktaz) aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Kuraklık stresi ve glifosat A. retroflexus’ta H2O2 miktarını ve hücre zarı geçirgenliğini arttırmış ve kloroza neden olmuştur. Sonuçlarımız A. retroflexus’a glifosat uygulaması sonrasında yüksek ROT zararı ve düşük ROT temizleme aktivitesi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu, antioksidan kapasite temelinde A. retroflexus’un glyphosate’a duyarlı olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca bu araştırma ile A. retroflexus’ta kuraklık ve glyphosate’ın APX ve GR aktivitelerini nasıl etkilediği ilk defa gösterilmektedir. Sonuçta, A. retroflexus’ta oksidatif stresin kısa süreli kuraklığa kıyasla glifosat ile daha çok zarara neden olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amaranthus retroflexus
• glifosat
• Kuraklık stresi
• APX
• GR

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