The Situation of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in the Düzce Province of Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 67 - 80, 04.07.2019

Şadiye Zambak , Ahmet Uludağ

Öz

Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) is an invasive alien species in many areas where it has been introduced other than its native range, which
affects negatively biological diversity and ecosystem services. It has spread
abundantly in East Blacksea and Trace regions, and partly in Middle Blacksea
for the last 10 years although its existence has been known in Turkey since
1990s. This study was conducted to determine common ragweed populations in the
Düzce Province in the west part of the Blacksea Region where is located in
between two common ragweed invaded areas. Fourtyone  populations of common ragweed is determined,
which are all in roadsides and empty areas except one. The size of habitats
invaded by common ragweed varied between 1 m² and 4375 m²
and two third of a habitat as an average was covered with common ragweed. In
the communities with common ragweed populations, 23 plant species belongs to 15
families were determined. Conyza sp. was the most distributed species,
which has seen in 18 out of 38 communities. The following species to Conyza
as the most distributed species were the alien species for Turkey as well and
had importance as weed and/or invasive alien species in other countries as well
as Turkey. It is possible that common ragweed might invade agricultural areas
in the Düzce Province although it was not determined in agricultural areas in
the province. It is thought that common ragweed had been introduced in Düzce in
1999 earthquake with aids came from overseas or international and national
transport activities, and then it naturalized and spread due to disturbed
habitats after the earthquake. It is shown with the populations determined in
Düzce that  common ragweed can be seen
any suitable habitat from east to west through the north of Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soil texture, Introduction pathway, Alien plant, Earthquake, Transportation

Düzce İlindeki Arsız Zaylan (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) Populasyonlarının Durumu

Öz

Ambrosia artemisiifolia (arsız zaylan) anavatanı dışında girdiği birçok yerde biyolojik
çeşitliliği ve ekosistem hizmetlerini etkileyen istilâcı yabancı bitki
türlerinden biridir. Türkiye’de de varlığı 1990’lı yıllardan beri bilinmekle
beraber son 10 yılda belirgin bir şekilde Doğu Karadeniz ve Trakya yörelerinde,
kısmen Orta Karadenizde yayılmıştır. İki yayılım arasında kalan Karadenizin
batısındaki Düzce İlindeki popülasyonlarını belirlemek ve bu popülasyonlarla
ilgili bilgileri ortaya koymak amacıyla bu çalışma yürütülmüştür. Biri hâriç
tamamı yol kenarları ve boş alanlarda olmak üzere  41 populasyon tespit edilmiştir.
Popülasyonlar 1 m²- 4375 m² arasındaki boyutlarda
habitatlarda görülmüş,  arsız zaylan
alanların ortalama üçte ikisini kaplamıştır. Bu popülasyonların bulunduğu komunitelerde
15 familyadan 23 bitki türü tespit edilmiştir. 
Komunitelerin 18’inde tespit edilen pireotu en yaygın türdür. Bunu tâkip
eden diğer yaygın türler de pireotu gibi Türkiye için yabancı bitkilerdir ve
başka yerlerde ve Türkiye’de yabancıot ve/veya istilâcı yabancı bitki olarak
önem arzetmektedirler. Bu çalışmada Düzce’de tarım alanlarında tespit edilmemiş
olan arsız zaylanın ilde daha da yayılarak tarım alanlarına da geçmesi
mümkündür. Arsız zaylanın Düzce’ye 1999 depremi sonrası yurtdışından gelen
yardımlarla veya ülkeler ve şehirler arası taşımacılık faaliyetleri ile gelmiş
olabileceği ve deprem sonrası birçok habitatın tahrip olması sonucu ilde
yerleşip yayıldığı  kanısına varılmıştır.
Düzce’deki popülasyonlarla beraber arsız zaylanın doğu batı istikametinde
Türkiye’nin kuzeyinde her alanda görülebileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak yapısı, Giriş yolu, Yabancı bitki, Deprem, Taşımacılık

Kaynakça

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