Optimizing conditions for growth and sporulation of Alternaria macrospora MKP1: a biocontrol agent of Parthenium weed
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 17 - 23, 04.07.2019
Manpreet Kaur
,
Vijay Kumar
Öz
During
a series of surveys for natural enemies of Parthenium hysterophorus, a leaf blight pathogen was
isolated from the affected parts of the parthenium following the standard
isolation techniques using potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Koch’s postulates
were performed and found satisfactory for the isolate and proved to be
pathogenic to this weed. On the basis of cultural, morphological and molecular
characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria macrospora MKP1. The growth of the fungal pathogen is
known to influence by environmental factors such as temperature, relative
humidity and pH. Therefore, the main objective of the study was optimization of
cultural conditions for the growth and sporulation of A. macrospora MKP1. The results of the present investigation
indicated that physical factors greatly affected the growth and sporulation of
the pathogen.
Kaynakça
- • Abbas HK., Duke SO., Paul RN., Riley RT., Tanaka T. (1995). AAL-toxin, a potent natural herbicide which disrupts sphingolipid metabolism of plants. Pest Science, 43(3): 181-187.• Abbas HK., Egley GH. (1996). Influence of unrefined corn oil and surface-active agents on the germination and infectivity of Alternaria helianthi. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6:531-538.• Adkins S., Shabbir A. (2014). Biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Pest Management Science, 70:1023-1029.• Agarwal GP., Hasija SK. (1986). Microorganisms in the laboratory - a laboratory guide of mycology, microbiology and plant pathology. Print House (India) Lucknow. pp. 155.• Aggarwal NK., Kaur M., Kumar V., Saini A. (2014). Mycobiota associated with Parthenium hysterophorus isolated from North India. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 46:155-160.• Aneja KR. (2003). Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology. 4th ed. New Age International Publishers. New Delhi.• Aneja KR., Kaushal S. (1998). Occurence of Gibbago trianthemae on horse purslane in India. Journal of Biological Control, 12(2):157-159.• Aneja KR., Khan SA., Kaushal S. (2000). Management of Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) with Gibbago trianthemae Simmons in India. In: Spencer NR. (ed). Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Bozeman (MT), Montana State University. pp. 27-33.• Aneja KR., Kumar V., Jiloha P., Kaur M., Sharma C., Surain P., Dhiman R., Aneja A. (2013). Potential bioherbicides: Indian perspectives. In: Salar RK, Gahlawat SK, Siwach P, Duhan JS. (eds) Biotechnology: prospects and applications. Springer, India. pp. 197-215.• Aneja KR., Singh K. (19890. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, a pathogen of water hyacinth with biocontrol potential. International Journal of Pest Management, 35:354-356.• Boyette CD., Quimby PC., Caesar AJ. (1996). Adjuvants, formulations, and spraying systems for improvement of mycoherbicides. Weed Technology, 10:637-644.• Chenglin Y., William SD., Carl SC. (1996). Purification and characterization of a polygalacturanase produced by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. Phytopathology, 86:1160-1166.• Chettananavar SN., Srikant K., Hedge RK. (1987). Studies on leaf blight of wheat caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.), Keissler. cultural and physiological studies. Mysore Journal of Science, 21:313-317.• Daigle DJ., Connick WJ. (2002). Formulating Mycoberhicides. In: Osiewacz HD. (ed). The Mycota X Industrial Applications. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.• Daigle OJ., Cotty PJ. (1991). Factors that influence germination and mycoherbicidal activity of Alternaria cassiae. Weed Technology, 5:82-86.• Egley GH., Boyette CD. (1995). Water corn oil emulsion enhances conidia germination and mycoherbicidal activity of Colletotrichum trunctatum. Weed Science, 43: 312-317.• Ellis MB. (1971). Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Surrey, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, England.• Ellis MB. (1976). More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Surrey, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, England.• Evans HC., Fleureau L. (1993). Studies on the rust, Maravalia cryptostegiae, a potential biological control agent of rubber-vine weed, Cryptostegia grandiflora (Asclepiadaceae: Periplocoideae), in Australia, II: Infection. Mycopathologia, 124:17-184. • Greaves MP. (1996). Microbial herbicides-factors in development. In: Copping LG. (ed). Crop Protection Agents from Nature. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. pp. 444-467.• Greaves MP., Holloway PJ., Auld BA. (1998). Formulation of microbial herbicides. In: Burges HD. (ed). Formulation of Microbial Biopesticides. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer. pp. 203-233.• Kadir, J. B., Charudattan, R., 2000. Dactylaria higginsii a bioherbicide agent for purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Biological Control, 17, 113124.• Kamal M. (1950). Leaf blight of Pandanus sp. Current Science, 19:125-128.• Karr AL., Karr DB., Strobel GA. (1974). Isolation and partial characterization of four host specific toxins of Helminthosporium maydis (race T.). Plant Physiology, 53:250-257. • Kaur M., Aggarwal NK. (2015). Biocontrol potential of four deadly strains of Alternaria macrospora isolated from parthenium weed. Plant Pathology Journal, 14: 72-78.• Kaur, M., Aggarwal, N. K., Dhiman, R., 2016. Screening of Phytotoxicity of Alternaria macrospora MKP1 against Parthenium hysterophorus L. Archives Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 48(17-20):890-897.• Kaur, M., Aggarwal, N. K., Kumar, V., Dhiman, R., 2014. Effects and management of Parthenium hysterophorus a weed of global significances. International Scholarly Research Notices, doi.org/ 10.1155/2014/368647.• Mitchell JK. (1988). Gibbago trianthemae, a recently described hyphomycete with bioherbicide potential for control of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum). Plant Disease, 72:354-355.• Muthulakshmi P. (1990). Studies on fruit rot of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Alternaria tenuis Nees. M.Sc. (Ag.). Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Madurai, India. pp. 139.• Neergaard P. (1945). Danish species of Alternaria and Stemphylium. London, Oxford Univ, Press. pp. 129-1148.• Pandey AK., Shrivastava GM., Singh AK., Yenna SK. (2003). Herbicidal potential of secondary metabolites of Sclerotium rolfsii against Parthenium: A preliminary observation. Journal of Basic and Applied Mycology, 2:27-30.• Patil MG., Pagare J., Patil SN., Sidhu AK. (2015). Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Various Medicinal Plants. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(3):1035-1042.• Rathaiah Y. (1977). Stomatal tropism of Cercospora beticola in sugarbeet. Phytopathology, 67:358-362.• Saad S., Hagedorn SJ. (1970). Growth and nutrition of Alternaria pathogenic to snap bean. Phytopathology, 60:903-906.• Satou M., Ichinoe M., Fukumoto F., Tezuka N., Horiuchi S. (2001). Fusarium Blight of Kangaroo Paw (Anigozanthos spp.) caused by Fusarium chlamydosporum and Fusarium semitectum. Journal of Phytopathology, 149:203-206.• Shabana YM. (1997b). Vegetable oil suspension emulsions for formulating the weed pathogen (Alternaria eichhorniae) to bypass dew. Z Pflanzenkr Pflanzenschutz, 104(3):78-89.• Siddiqui I., Bajwa R., Javaid, A. (2009). Some factors affecting the pathogenecity of Alternaria alternata against the weed Rumex dentatus. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 92:282-289.• Sharma P., Sharma SR., Sindhu M. (2004). A detached leaf technique for evaluation of resistance in cabbage and cauliflower against three major Pathogens. Indian Phytopathology, 57(3):315-318.• Singh J., Pandey AK. (2001). Incidence of storage mycoflora associated with some forest plants of ethnic values in M.P. Indian Journal of Applied Pure Biology, 16 (1):43-45. • Singh J., Quereshi S., Banerjee N., Pandey AK. (2010). Production and extraction of phytotoxins from Colletotrichum dematium FGCC# 20 effective against Parthenium hysterophorus L. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 53:669-678.• Strobel GA. (1973). The Helminthosporoside binding protein of sugarcane. Journal of Bioogical Chemistry, 248:1321-1328.• Sunitha VH., Nirmala D., Srinivas C. (2013). Extracellular Enzymatic Activity of Endophytic Fungal Strains Isolated from Medicinal Plants. World Journal of Agriulture Science, 9(1):01-09.• Tandon RN. (1961). Physiological studies on some pathogenic fungi in U.P. Science Research Committee, Monograph. pp. 34.• TeBeest DO., Templeton GE., Smith RT. (1978). Temperature and moisture requirements for development of anthracnose on North jointvetch. Phytopathology, 68: 389-93.• Thapar R., Singh AK., Pandey A., Pandey AK. (2002). Bioactivity of CFCF of Curvularia lunata in Parthenium hysterophorus L. Journal of Basic and Applied Mycology, 1:126-129.• Tuite J. (1969). Plant Pathological Methods, Fungi and Bacteria. Burger Publishing company, MN.• Verma VC. (1963). Effect of temperature and hydrogen ion concentration on three pathogenic fungi. Sydowia, 25:164-169.• Vikrant P., Verma KK., Rajak RC., Pandey AK. (2006). Characterization of a phytotoxin from Phoma herbarum for management of Parthenium hysterophorus L. Journal of Phytopathology, 154:1-8.• Walker HL., Connick WJ. (1983). Sodium alginate for production and formulation of mycoherbicides. Weed Science, 31:333-338.• Walker HL., Riley JA. (1982). Evaluation of Alternaria cassia for the biocontrol of sickle-pod (Cassia obtusifolia). Weed Science, 30:651-654.• Walker HL., Templeton GE. (1979). In vitro production of phytotoxic metabolites by Colletotrichum gleosporoides f sp aeschynomene. Plant Science Letters, 13:91-99.• Wapshere AJ. (1974). A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control. Annals of Applied Biology, 77:201-11.
Optimizing conditions for growth and sporulation of Alternaria macrospora MKP1: a biocontrol agent of Parthenium weed
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 17 - 23, 04.07.2019
Manpreet Kaur
,
Vijay Kumar
Öz
During
a series of surveys for natural enemies of Parthenium hysterophorus, a leaf blight pathogen was
isolated from the affected parts of the parthenium following the standard
isolation techniques using potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Koch’s postulates
were performed and found satisfactory for the isolate and proved to be
pathogenic to this weed. On the basis of cultural, morphological and molecular
characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria macrospora MKP1. The growth of the fungal pathogen is
known to influence by environmental factors such as temperature, relative
humidity and pH. Therefore, the main objective of the study was optimization of
cultural conditions for the growth and sporulation of A. macrospora MKP1. The results of the present investigation
indicated that physical factors greatly affected the growth and sporulation of
the pathogen.
Kaynakça
- • Abbas HK., Duke SO., Paul RN., Riley RT., Tanaka T. (1995). AAL-toxin, a potent natural herbicide which disrupts sphingolipid metabolism of plants. Pest Science, 43(3): 181-187.• Abbas HK., Egley GH. (1996). Influence of unrefined corn oil and surface-active agents on the germination and infectivity of Alternaria helianthi. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6:531-538.• Adkins S., Shabbir A. (2014). Biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Pest Management Science, 70:1023-1029.• Agarwal GP., Hasija SK. (1986). Microorganisms in the laboratory - a laboratory guide of mycology, microbiology and plant pathology. Print House (India) Lucknow. pp. 155.• Aggarwal NK., Kaur M., Kumar V., Saini A. (2014). Mycobiota associated with Parthenium hysterophorus isolated from North India. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 46:155-160.• Aneja KR. (2003). Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology. 4th ed. New Age International Publishers. New Delhi.• Aneja KR., Kaushal S. (1998). Occurence of Gibbago trianthemae on horse purslane in India. Journal of Biological Control, 12(2):157-159.• Aneja KR., Khan SA., Kaushal S. (2000). Management of Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) with Gibbago trianthemae Simmons in India. In: Spencer NR. (ed). Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Bozeman (MT), Montana State University. pp. 27-33.• Aneja KR., Kumar V., Jiloha P., Kaur M., Sharma C., Surain P., Dhiman R., Aneja A. (2013). Potential bioherbicides: Indian perspectives. In: Salar RK, Gahlawat SK, Siwach P, Duhan JS. (eds) Biotechnology: prospects and applications. Springer, India. pp. 197-215.• Aneja KR., Singh K. (19890. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, a pathogen of water hyacinth with biocontrol potential. International Journal of Pest Management, 35:354-356.• Boyette CD., Quimby PC., Caesar AJ. (1996). Adjuvants, formulations, and spraying systems for improvement of mycoherbicides. Weed Technology, 10:637-644.• Chenglin Y., William SD., Carl SC. (1996). Purification and characterization of a polygalacturanase produced by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. Phytopathology, 86:1160-1166.• Chettananavar SN., Srikant K., Hedge RK. (1987). Studies on leaf blight of wheat caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.), Keissler. cultural and physiological studies. Mysore Journal of Science, 21:313-317.• Daigle DJ., Connick WJ. (2002). Formulating Mycoberhicides. In: Osiewacz HD. (ed). The Mycota X Industrial Applications. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.• Daigle OJ., Cotty PJ. (1991). Factors that influence germination and mycoherbicidal activity of Alternaria cassiae. Weed Technology, 5:82-86.• Egley GH., Boyette CD. (1995). Water corn oil emulsion enhances conidia germination and mycoherbicidal activity of Colletotrichum trunctatum. Weed Science, 43: 312-317.• Ellis MB. (1971). Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Surrey, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, England.• Ellis MB. (1976). More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Surrey, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, England.• Evans HC., Fleureau L. (1993). Studies on the rust, Maravalia cryptostegiae, a potential biological control agent of rubber-vine weed, Cryptostegia grandiflora (Asclepiadaceae: Periplocoideae), in Australia, II: Infection. Mycopathologia, 124:17-184. • Greaves MP. (1996). Microbial herbicides-factors in development. In: Copping LG. (ed). Crop Protection Agents from Nature. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. pp. 444-467.• Greaves MP., Holloway PJ., Auld BA. (1998). Formulation of microbial herbicides. In: Burges HD. (ed). Formulation of Microbial Biopesticides. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer. pp. 203-233.• Kadir, J. B., Charudattan, R., 2000. Dactylaria higginsii a bioherbicide agent for purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Biological Control, 17, 113124.• Kamal M. (1950). Leaf blight of Pandanus sp. Current Science, 19:125-128.• Karr AL., Karr DB., Strobel GA. (1974). Isolation and partial characterization of four host specific toxins of Helminthosporium maydis (race T.). Plant Physiology, 53:250-257. • Kaur M., Aggarwal NK. (2015). Biocontrol potential of four deadly strains of Alternaria macrospora isolated from parthenium weed. Plant Pathology Journal, 14: 72-78.• Kaur, M., Aggarwal, N. K., Dhiman, R., 2016. Screening of Phytotoxicity of Alternaria macrospora MKP1 against Parthenium hysterophorus L. Archives Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 48(17-20):890-897.• Kaur, M., Aggarwal, N. K., Kumar, V., Dhiman, R., 2014. Effects and management of Parthenium hysterophorus a weed of global significances. International Scholarly Research Notices, doi.org/ 10.1155/2014/368647.• Mitchell JK. (1988). Gibbago trianthemae, a recently described hyphomycete with bioherbicide potential for control of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum). Plant Disease, 72:354-355.• Muthulakshmi P. (1990). Studies on fruit rot of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Alternaria tenuis Nees. M.Sc. (Ag.). Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Madurai, India. pp. 139.• Neergaard P. (1945). Danish species of Alternaria and Stemphylium. London, Oxford Univ, Press. pp. 129-1148.• Pandey AK., Shrivastava GM., Singh AK., Yenna SK. (2003). Herbicidal potential of secondary metabolites of Sclerotium rolfsii against Parthenium: A preliminary observation. Journal of Basic and Applied Mycology, 2:27-30.• Patil MG., Pagare J., Patil SN., Sidhu AK. (2015). Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Various Medicinal Plants. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(3):1035-1042.• Rathaiah Y. (1977). Stomatal tropism of Cercospora beticola in sugarbeet. Phytopathology, 67:358-362.• Saad S., Hagedorn SJ. (1970). Growth and nutrition of Alternaria pathogenic to snap bean. Phytopathology, 60:903-906.• Satou M., Ichinoe M., Fukumoto F., Tezuka N., Horiuchi S. (2001). Fusarium Blight of Kangaroo Paw (Anigozanthos spp.) caused by Fusarium chlamydosporum and Fusarium semitectum. Journal of Phytopathology, 149:203-206.• Shabana YM. (1997b). Vegetable oil suspension emulsions for formulating the weed pathogen (Alternaria eichhorniae) to bypass dew. Z Pflanzenkr Pflanzenschutz, 104(3):78-89.• Siddiqui I., Bajwa R., Javaid, A. (2009). Some factors affecting the pathogenecity of Alternaria alternata against the weed Rumex dentatus. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 92:282-289.• Sharma P., Sharma SR., Sindhu M. (2004). A detached leaf technique for evaluation of resistance in cabbage and cauliflower against three major Pathogens. Indian Phytopathology, 57(3):315-318.• Singh J., Pandey AK. (2001). Incidence of storage mycoflora associated with some forest plants of ethnic values in M.P. Indian Journal of Applied Pure Biology, 16 (1):43-45. • Singh J., Quereshi S., Banerjee N., Pandey AK. (2010). Production and extraction of phytotoxins from Colletotrichum dematium FGCC# 20 effective against Parthenium hysterophorus L. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 53:669-678.• Strobel GA. (1973). The Helminthosporoside binding protein of sugarcane. Journal of Bioogical Chemistry, 248:1321-1328.• Sunitha VH., Nirmala D., Srinivas C. (2013). Extracellular Enzymatic Activity of Endophytic Fungal Strains Isolated from Medicinal Plants. World Journal of Agriulture Science, 9(1):01-09.• Tandon RN. (1961). Physiological studies on some pathogenic fungi in U.P. Science Research Committee, Monograph. pp. 34.• TeBeest DO., Templeton GE., Smith RT. (1978). Temperature and moisture requirements for development of anthracnose on North jointvetch. Phytopathology, 68: 389-93.• Thapar R., Singh AK., Pandey A., Pandey AK. (2002). Bioactivity of CFCF of Curvularia lunata in Parthenium hysterophorus L. Journal of Basic and Applied Mycology, 1:126-129.• Tuite J. (1969). Plant Pathological Methods, Fungi and Bacteria. Burger Publishing company, MN.• Verma VC. (1963). Effect of temperature and hydrogen ion concentration on three pathogenic fungi. Sydowia, 25:164-169.• Vikrant P., Verma KK., Rajak RC., Pandey AK. (2006). Characterization of a phytotoxin from Phoma herbarum for management of Parthenium hysterophorus L. Journal of Phytopathology, 154:1-8.• Walker HL., Connick WJ. (1983). Sodium alginate for production and formulation of mycoherbicides. Weed Science, 31:333-338.• Walker HL., Riley JA. (1982). Evaluation of Alternaria cassia for the biocontrol of sickle-pod (Cassia obtusifolia). Weed Science, 30:651-654.• Walker HL., Templeton GE. (1979). In vitro production of phytotoxic metabolites by Colletotrichum gleosporoides f sp aeschynomene. Plant Science Letters, 13:91-99.• Wapshere AJ. (1974). A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control. Annals of Applied Biology, 77:201-11.