Canavar Otu Türlerindeki Fungusların Çeşitliliği ve Coğrafik Dağılımları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 49 - 75, 08.11.2024

Gürkan Başbağcı , Esra Çiğnitaş , Yasin Emre Kitiş

Öz

Canavar otları (Orobanche spp. ve Phelipanche spp.), Orobanchaceae familyasına bağlı tek yıllık kök paraziti yabancı otlardır. Canavar otu türlerinin konukçu dizisi oldukça geniş olup, tarımsal üretimde verim kayıplarına neden olmaktadırlar. Canavar otları ile mücadele konukçuya bağlı yaşamaları, çok sayıda tohum oluşturmaları ve tohumlarının uzun yıllar toprakta canlı kalabilmeleri ve bu bitkilerin benzersiz fizyolojik ve biyolojik özellikleri nedeniyle zordur. Geleneksel yabancı ot mücadele yöntemlerinden mekanik, fiziksel ve kimyasal mücadele yöntemleri bu yabancı otların mücadelesinde sınırlı kalabilmektedir. Biyolojik mücadelede toprak kökenli mikroorganizmaların tanılanması ve kullanımının etkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Farklı canavar otu türlerinden ve farklı konukçulardan izole edilen funguslara literatürde geniş ölçüde yer verilmiştir. 1954 yılından günümüze kadar geçen 70 yıllık süre boyunca, 4 kıtadan 25 farklı ülkede yürütülen çalışmalarda, 5 ana canavar otu türünden 42 cinse ait 104 farklı fungus türü rapor edilmiştir. Geniş bir literatür taraması ile hazırlanan bu derleme ile canavar otu türlerindeki fungal çeşitlilik ortaya konulmuş olup, bu bilgilerin bu konuda çalışan araştırıcılara kaynak oluşturması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phelipanche spp., Orobanche spp., fungus, Fusarium, fungal çeşitlilik, canavar otu

Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Fungi on Broomrape Species

Öz

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) are annual root parasitic weeds from the Orobanchaceae family. Broomrape species have a wide host range causing yield losses in crop production. Broomrape control is challenging due to dependency, prolific seed production, long-term seed viability in soil, and unique physiological and biological characteristics. Traditional weed control methods, including mechanical, physical, and chemical, may be limited in their effectiveness in the management of broomrape. In biological control, identification and utilizing soil-borne microorganisms are considered potentially effective. Notably, fungi isolated from various broomrape species and different hosts are extensively documented in the literature. During the 70-year period from 1954 to the present, in the studies conducted in 25 different countries from 4 continents, 104 fungal species belonging to 42 genera have been reported from five main broomrape species. With this review prepared by an extensive literature review, the fungal diversity in broomrape species has been revealed and is intended to be a resource for researchers working on this subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phelipanche spp., Orobanche spp., fungus, Fusarium, fungal diversity, broomrape

Etik Beyan

The authors declare that they have no conlflict of interest.

Kaynakça

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