Management of Groundwater Quality and Quantity: Gediz River Basin Pilot Study

Öz

This study provided methods and methodologies in compliance with the national legislations that will ensure proper management of groundwater in terms of both quality and quantity. The methodologies developed in this manner were implemented in the Gediz River Basin in Turkey. A total of 76 groundwater bodies delineated in the Basin were subjected to characterization, where the anthropogenic pressures on the quality and quantity of groundwater and their possible impacts were determined. Detailed risk analysis done by the available data revealed to the groundwater bodies which were under risk of achieving good status in terms of quality and/or quantity. In order to disclose the current status of all groundwater bodies, in-depth analyses (establishing threshold values, comparison of the measured values to the threshold values/quality standards, water budget calculations, etc.) were performed and supported by the comprehensive field investigations and monitoring. Ultimate results indicated that 33 groundwater bodies out of 76 were in poor status; and hence, all these bodies should be included in the programme of measures. Moreover, all the monitoring points at which the threshold values and/or quality standards are exceeded were also included in the programme of measures. Finally, the required measures to be taken in the Gediz River Basin at different scales (basin, groundwater body and monitoring point); to improve the poor status or to conserve the good status of groundwater, were pointed out considering both its quality and quantity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• groundwater management
• quantitative and chemical status assessment
• programme of measures
• Gediz River Basin

Yeraltı Suyunun Kalite ve Miktar Bakımından Yönetimi: Gediz Nehir Havzası Örnek Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışma, hem nitelik hem de nicelik bakımından yeraltı sularının doğru yönetimini sağlayacak yasal düzenlemelere uygun yöntem ve metodolojiler sunmaktadır. Bu kapsamda geliştirilen yöntemler Gediz Nehir Havzası’nda (Türkiye) uygulanmıştır. Gediz Nehir Havzası için belirlenen 76 yeraltı suyu kütlesi, kalite ve miktar bakımından antropojenik baskılar ile bunların olası etkilerinin belirlendiği karakterizasyona tabi tutulmuştur. Mevcut verilerle yürütülen ve konservatif yaklaşımları benimseyen ayrıntılı risk analizi ile miktar ve kalite bakımından iyi bir duruma gelme riski altındaki yeraltı sıuyu kütleleri belirlenmiştir. Tüm yeraltı sularının mevcut durumunu ortaya çıkarmak için kapsamlı saha araştırmaları ve izleme sonuçları ile de desteklenen derinlemesine analizler (eşik değerlerin belirlenmesi, ölçülen değerlerin eşik değer/kalite standartları ile karşılaştırılması, su bütçesi hesaplamaları, vb.) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nihai sonuçlar, 33 yeraltı suyu kütlesinin genel durumunun zayıf olduğunu ve dolayısıyla bunların tedbirler programına dahil edilmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, eşik değerler ve/veya kalite standartlarının aşıldığı tüm izleme noktaları da tedbirler programına dahil edilmiştir. Son olarak bu çalışma kapsamında, Gediz Nehir Havzası için farklı ölçeklerde (havza, yeraltı suyu kütlesi ve izleme noktası) tedbirler önerilmiş; zayıf durumun iyileştirilmesi veya iyi durumdaki yeraltı sularının statüsünün korunması için miktar ve kalite bakımından alınması gerekli tedbirler belirtilmiştir. yeraltı suyu yönetimi

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yeraltı suyu yönetimi
• miktar ve kimyasal durum değerlendirmesi
• tedbirler programı
• Gediz Nehir Havzası

Kaynakça

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3. European Commission. (2006). Groundwater Directive (GWD) Directive 2006/118/EC of the European parliament and of the council on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration, Official Journal of the European Union, L372, 27.12.2006.
4. European Commission. (2014). Groundwater Directive (GWD) Commission Directive 2014/80/EU 20 June 2014 amending Annex II to Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration, Official Journal of the European Union, L182, 21.06.2014.
5. EU FP6 (The Sixth Framework Programme, European Union). (2006). BRIDGE (Background cRiteria for the IDentification of Groundwater thrEsholds) Project. Project ID: 6538.
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9. MoFWA (Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs of Turkey). (2015). DPPSG (Determination of the Pollutants having Potential to Seep into Groundwater). ENCON Environmental Consultancy Co., Ankara, Turkey.
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12. Turkish Republic Official Gazette. (2012). Bylaw on “Protection of Groundwater against Pollution and Deterioration”, 282457, 07.04.2012.
13. Turkish Republic Official Gazette. (2015). Revision of the Bylaw on “Protection of Groundwater against Pollution and Deterioration”, 29363; 22.05.2015.