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Assessment and Comparison of Commonly Used Eutrophication Indexes

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 4 - 30, 17.01.2020

Duygu Ülker , İrşad Bayırhan , Selmin Burak

https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.583530
Cited By: 3

Öz

Eutrophication is a phenomenon that causes the degradation of the water
quality which results in negative impacts on living and non-living environment
of the water body. Therefore, monitoring, evaluation and classification of
water quality is the utmost importance for policy makers and regional
institutions/organizations in order to be able to assess the quality and
sustainability of water bodies and take timely and relevant measures for its
rehabilitation when and where required. Regional conventions such as the
Helsinki Convention, Oslo-Paris Convention, Barcelona Convention – Programme
for the Assessment and Control of Marine Pollution in the Mediterranean,
Strategic Action Programme and Integrated Coastal Zone Management as well as legislative
instruments such as the Water Framework Directive, Marine Strategy Framework
Directive,  Urban Wastewater Treatment
Directive and Nitrate Directive  in
Europe; the Clean Water Act, Water Quality Act, National Environmental
Policy  and  Coastal Zone Management Act issued by the
United State Environmental Protection Agency in the United States,
addressed  the importance of
eutrophication monitoring.   The
eutrophication indexes have been developed in line with regional requirements
by using specific data sets of state variables and parameters, representative
of a location. In this study, we reviewed the commonly used eutrophication
indexes worldwide within the areas applied, parameters, methods and
classification scales and presented trophic level equivalence between the
indexes. We expected to provide the researchers with comprehensive approaches
related to eutrophication indexes while evaluating the trophic status of a
water body.

Anahtar Kelimeler

eutrophication eutrophication indexes trophic level water quality

Kaynakça

  • Andersen, J. H., Axe, P., Backer, H., Carstensen, J., Claussen, U., Fleming-Lehtinen, V., . . . Korpinen, S. (2011). Getting the measure of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea: towards improved assessment principles and methods. Biogeochemistry, 106(2), 137-156.
  • Baltic2Black. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/projects/completed-projects/baltic2black
  • Bonometto, A., Giordani, G., Ponis, G., Facca, C., Brusà, R. B., Sfriso, A., & Viaroli, P. (2016). Eutrophication assessment in transitional waters A performance analysis of the Transitional Water Quality Index (TWQI). Paper presented at the VII EUROLAG - EUROPEAN COASTAL LAGOONS SYMPOSIUM
  • Borja, A., Basset, A., Bricker, S., Dauvin, J.-C., Elliot, M., Harrison, T., . . . West, R. (2012). Classifying ecological quality and integrity of estuaries.
  • Bowie, G. L., Mills, W. B., Porcella, D. B., Campbell, C. L., Pagenkopf, J. R., Rupp, G. L., . . . Chamberlin, C. E. (1985). Rates, constants, and kinetics formulations in surface water quality modeling (2nd ed. Vol. EPA/600/3-85/040). Athens, Georgia.
  • Bricker, S., Ferreira, J., & Simas, T. (2003). An integrated methodology for assessment of estuarine trophic status. Ecological modelling, 169(1), 39-60.
  • Bricker, S. B., Clement, C. G., Pirhalla, D. E., Orlando, S. P., & Farrow, D. R. (1999). National estuarine eutrophication assessment: effects of nutrient enrichment in the nation's estuaries: US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Special Projects Office and the National Center for Coastal Ocean Science.
  • Burns, N., Bryers, G., & Browman, E. (2000). Protocol for monitoring trophic levels of New Zealand lakes and reservoirs. New Zealand: Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand.
  • Burns, N. M., Rutherford, J. C., & Clayton, J. S. (1999). A monitoring and classification system for New Zealand lakes and reservoirs. Lake and Reservoir Management, 15(4), 255-271.
  • Canfield Jr, D. E., & Bachmann, R. W. (1981). Prediction of total phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a, and Secchi depths in natural and artificial lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(4), 414-423.
  • Carlson, R. E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes1. Limnology and oceanography, 22(2), 361-369.
  • Carlson, R. E., & Simpson, J. (1996). A coordinator’s guide to volunteer lake monitoring methods. North American Lake Management Society, 96, 305.
  • Chapra, S. C. (1977). Total phosphorus model for the Great Lakes. Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, 103(2), 147-161.
  • Cloern, J. E. (2001). Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem. Marine ecology progress series, 210, 223-253.
  • Commission Decision 2010/477/EU. (2010). Commission decision of 1 September 2010 on criteria and methodological standards on good environmental status of marine waters (notified under document C(2010) 5956). Official Journal of the European Union, 14-24. Conley, D. J., Kaas, H., Møhlenberg, F., Rasmussen, B., & Windolf, J. (2000). Characteristics of Danish estuaries. Estuaries, 23(6), 820-837.
  • Cunha, D. G. F., do Carmo Calijuri, M., & Lamparelli, M. C. (2013). A trophic state index for tropical/subtropical reservoirs (TSItsr). Ecological Engineering, 60, 126-134.
  • Devlin, M., Bricker, S., & Painting, S. (2011). Comparison of five methods for assessing impacts of nutrient enrichment using estuarine case studies. Biogeochemistry, 106(2), 177-205.
  • Dillon, P. J., & Rigler, F. (1974). The phosphorus‐chlorophyll relationship in lakes 1, 2. Limnology and oceanography, 19(5), 767-773.
  • Dodds, W. K. (2002). Freshwater ecology: concepts and environmental applications: Elsevier.
  • Ferreira, J. G., Andersen, J. H., Borja, A., Bricker, S. B., Camp, J., Da Silva, M. C., . . . Ignatiades, L. (2011). Overview of eutrophication indicators to assess environmental status within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 93(2), 117-131.
  • Galloway, J. N., & Cowling, E. B. (2002). Reactive nitrogen and the world: 200 years of change. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 31(2), 64-71.
  • Giordani, G., Zaldívar, J. M., & Viaroli, P. (2009). Simple tools for assessing water quality and trophic status in transitional water ecosystems. Ecological Indicators, 9(5), 982-991.
  • Giovanardi, F., & Vollenweider, R. A. (2004). Trophic conditions of marine coastal waters: experience in applying the Trophic Index TRIX to two areas of the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian seas. Journal of Limnology, 63(2), 199-218.
  • Glibert, P. M., Harrison, J., Heil, C., & Seitzinger, S. (2006). Escalating worldwide use of urea–a global change contributing to coastal eutrophication. Biogeochemistry, 77(3), 441-463.
  • Heiskary, S. A., & Bouchard Jr, R. W. (2015). Development of eutrophication criteria for Minnesota streams and rivers using multiple lines of evidence. Freshwater Science, 34(2), 574-592.
  • HELCOM. (2007). HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan. Retrieved from Krakow, Poland:
  • HELCOM. (2009). Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea – An integrated thematic assessment of the effects of nutrient enrichmentand eutrophication in the Baltic Sea region, Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 115B.
  • Howarth, R. W., Sharpley, A., & Walker, D. (2002). Sources of nutrient pollution to coastal waters in the United States: Implications for achieving coastal water quality goals. Estuaries, 25(4), 656-676.
  • Hoyer, M. V., Terrell, J. B., & Canfield Jr, D. E. (2015). Chain of eutrophication models for assessing the potential impact of nutrient enrichment on Choctawhatchee Bay, FL, USA. Florida Scientist, 20-36.
  • Ignatiades, L. (2005). Scaling the trophic status of the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Sea Research, 54(1), 51-57.
  • Jiang, P., Cui, Y., Wang, H., & Wang, H. (2011). Macrobenthos communities and bio-assessment of lakes in Hanyang district. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 20(5), 525-533.
  • Jones, J. R., & Bachmann, R. W. (1976). Prediction of phosphorus and chlorophyll levels in lakes. Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 2176-2182.
  • Kitsiou, D., & Karydis, M. (2011). Coastal marine eutrophication assessment: a review on data analysis. Environment international, 37(4), 778-801.
  • Kupchella, C. E., & Hyland, M. C. (1989). Environmental Science: Living within the system of nature (2nd ed.). USA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Lazar, L., Boicenco, L., Beken, C., Dzhurova, B., Moncheva, S., Shtereva, G., & Vasiliu, D. (2016). Western black sea eutrophication status according to the black sea eutrophication asessment tool, BEAST-MISIS cruise results. Cercet. Mar., 46, 48-60.
  • Liebig, J. v. (1840). Organic chemistry in its application to vegetable physiology and agriculture. Readings in ecology. Prentice Hall, New York.
  • MSFD 2008/56/EC. (2008). Directive 2008/56/EC Of The European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Marine Environmental Policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive). Official Journal of the European Union, 19-40.
  • Nielsen, S. L., Sand-Jensen, K., Borum, J., & Geertz-Hansen, O. (2002). Phytoplankton, nutrients, and transparency in Danish coastal waters. Estuaries, 25(5), 930-937.
  • OSPAR. (2008). Marine biodiversity monitoring and assessment: Activities to improve synergies between EU directives and international conventions, Activities in all OSPAR Contracting Parties: OSPAR Commission.
  • OSPAR. (2017). Eutrophication Status of the OSPAR Maritime Area, Third Integrated Report on the Eutrophication Status of the OSPAR Maritime Area. Eutrophication Series. www.ospar.org
  • Pan, B.-Z., Wang, H.-Z., Pusch, M. T., & Wang, H.-J. (2015). Macroinvertebrate responses to regime shifts caused by eutrophication in subtropical shallow lakes. Freshwater Science, 34(3), 942-952.
  • Parparov, A., Gal, G., Hamilton, D. P., Kasprzak, P., & Ostapenia, A. (2010). Water quality assessment, trophic classification and water resources management.
  • Pettine, M., Casentini, B., Fazi, S., Giovanardi, F., & Pagnotta, R. (2007). A revisitation of TRIX for trophic status assessment in the light of the European Water Framework Directive: Application to Italian coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(9), 1413-1426.
  • Rask, N., Pedersen, S. E., & Jensen, M. H. (1999). Response to lowered nutrient discharges in the coastal waters around the island of Funen, Denmark. In Biological, Physical and Geochemical Features of Enclosed and Semi-enclosed Marine Systems (pp. 69-81): Springer.
  • Rinaldi, A., & Giovanardi, F. (2011). Contribution of Richard A. Vollenweider toward understanding eutrophication of the coastal Adriatic Sea. Aquatic ecosystem health & management, 14(2), 200-203.
  • Smil, V. (2004). Enriching the earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the transformation of world food production: MIT press.
  • Souchu, P., Ximenes, M., Lauret, M., Vaquer, A., & Dutrieux, E. (2000). Mise à jour d’indicateurs du niveau d’eutrophisation des milieux lagunaires méditerranéens, août 2000. Ifremer-Créocean-Université Montpellier II, 412.
  • Stips, A., Macias, D., Garcia-Gorriz, E., & Miladinova, S. (2016). Alternative assessments of large scale Eutrophication using ecosystem simulations: Hind-casting and scenario modelling. Luxembourg (Luxembourg): EUR, 27904.
  • The Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution, HELCOM, & The European Commission. (2014). Environmental monitoring of the Black Sea with focus on nutrient pollution” (Acronym: Baltic2Black), Final Report for the Grant Agreement No 07.0204/2010/580913/SUB/D2.
  • Tsakiris, G. (2015). The status of the European waters in 2015: a review. Environmental Processes, 2(3), 543-557.
  • UNEP/MAP. (2007a). Approaches to the Assessment of Eutrophication in Mediterranean Coastal Waters Retrieved from Athens:
  • UNEP/MAP. (2007b). Eutrophication Monitoring Strategy for the MED POL Retrieved from Athens:
  • USEPA. (2004). National Coastal Condition Report II. Retrieved from Washington, DC: http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/nccr2/
  • USEPA. (2008). EPA's report on the environment. Retrieved from Washington, DC 20460:
  • Vollenweider, R., Giovanardi, F., Montanari, G., & Rinaldi, A. (1998). Characterization of the trophic conditions of marine coastal waters with special reference to the NW Adriatic Sea: proposal for a trophic scale, turbidity and generalized water quality index. Environmetrics: The official journal of the International Environmetrics Society, 9(3), 329-357.
  • Vollenweider, R., & Kerekes, J. (1980). Loading concept as basis for controlling eutrophication philosophy and preliminary results of the OECD Programme on Eutrophication. Progress in Water Technology, 12, 5-38.
  • Vollenweider, R., Marchetti, R., & Viviani, R. (1992). Marine coastal eutrophication: the response of marine transitional systems to human impacts; problems and perspectives for restoration. In Marine coastal eutrophication: the response of marine transitional systems to human impacts; problems and perspectives for restoration: Elsevier.
  • Vollenweider, R. A. (1976). Advances in defining critical loading levels for phosphorus in lake eutrophication. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, Dott. Marco de Marchi Verbania Pallanza.
  • WFD 2000/60/EC. (2000). Directive 2000/60/Ec of the European Parliament And of The Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing A Framework For Community Action in the Field of Water Policy. Official Journal of the European Communities.
  • WFD 2000/60/EC Technical Report. (2009). Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), Guidance Document No. 23 Guidance Document on Eutrophication Assessment in the Context of European Water Policies
  • WFD Guidance Document No5. (2003). Common Implementation Strategy for the WFD (2000/60/EC), Transitional and Coastal Waters – Typology, Reference Conditions and Classification Systems.
  • Zaldívar, J.-M., Viaroli, P., Newton, A., De Wit, R., Ibañez, C., Reizopoulou, S., . . . Holmer, M. (2008). Eutrophication in transitional waters: an overview. Transitional Waters Monographs, 2(1), 1-78.

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 4 - 30, 17.01.2020

Duygu Ülker , İrşad Bayırhan , Selmin Burak

https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.583530
Cited By: 3

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Andersen, J. H., Axe, P., Backer, H., Carstensen, J., Claussen, U., Fleming-Lehtinen, V., . . . Korpinen, S. (2011). Getting the measure of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea: towards improved assessment principles and methods. Biogeochemistry, 106(2), 137-156.
  • Baltic2Black. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.helcom.fi/helcom-at-work/projects/completed-projects/baltic2black
  • Bonometto, A., Giordani, G., Ponis, G., Facca, C., Brusà, R. B., Sfriso, A., & Viaroli, P. (2016). Eutrophication assessment in transitional waters A performance analysis of the Transitional Water Quality Index (TWQI). Paper presented at the VII EUROLAG - EUROPEAN COASTAL LAGOONS SYMPOSIUM
  • Borja, A., Basset, A., Bricker, S., Dauvin, J.-C., Elliot, M., Harrison, T., . . . West, R. (2012). Classifying ecological quality and integrity of estuaries.
  • Bowie, G. L., Mills, W. B., Porcella, D. B., Campbell, C. L., Pagenkopf, J. R., Rupp, G. L., . . . Chamberlin, C. E. (1985). Rates, constants, and kinetics formulations in surface water quality modeling (2nd ed. Vol. EPA/600/3-85/040). Athens, Georgia.
  • Bricker, S., Ferreira, J., & Simas, T. (2003). An integrated methodology for assessment of estuarine trophic status. Ecological modelling, 169(1), 39-60.
  • Bricker, S. B., Clement, C. G., Pirhalla, D. E., Orlando, S. P., & Farrow, D. R. (1999). National estuarine eutrophication assessment: effects of nutrient enrichment in the nation's estuaries: US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Special Projects Office and the National Center for Coastal Ocean Science.
  • Burns, N., Bryers, G., & Browman, E. (2000). Protocol for monitoring trophic levels of New Zealand lakes and reservoirs. New Zealand: Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand.
  • Burns, N. M., Rutherford, J. C., & Clayton, J. S. (1999). A monitoring and classification system for New Zealand lakes and reservoirs. Lake and Reservoir Management, 15(4), 255-271.
  • Canfield Jr, D. E., & Bachmann, R. W. (1981). Prediction of total phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a, and Secchi depths in natural and artificial lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(4), 414-423.
  • Carlson, R. E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes1. Limnology and oceanography, 22(2), 361-369.
  • Carlson, R. E., & Simpson, J. (1996). A coordinator’s guide to volunteer lake monitoring methods. North American Lake Management Society, 96, 305.
  • Chapra, S. C. (1977). Total phosphorus model for the Great Lakes. Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, 103(2), 147-161.
  • Cloern, J. E. (2001). Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem. Marine ecology progress series, 210, 223-253.
  • Commission Decision 2010/477/EU. (2010). Commission decision of 1 September 2010 on criteria and methodological standards on good environmental status of marine waters (notified under document C(2010) 5956). Official Journal of the European Union, 14-24. Conley, D. J., Kaas, H., Møhlenberg, F., Rasmussen, B., & Windolf, J. (2000). Characteristics of Danish estuaries. Estuaries, 23(6), 820-837.
  • Cunha, D. G. F., do Carmo Calijuri, M., & Lamparelli, M. C. (2013). A trophic state index for tropical/subtropical reservoirs (TSItsr). Ecological Engineering, 60, 126-134.
  • Devlin, M., Bricker, S., & Painting, S. (2011). Comparison of five methods for assessing impacts of nutrient enrichment using estuarine case studies. Biogeochemistry, 106(2), 177-205.
  • Dillon, P. J., & Rigler, F. (1974). The phosphorus‐chlorophyll relationship in lakes 1, 2. Limnology and oceanography, 19(5), 767-773.
  • Dodds, W. K. (2002). Freshwater ecology: concepts and environmental applications: Elsevier.
  • Ferreira, J. G., Andersen, J. H., Borja, A., Bricker, S. B., Camp, J., Da Silva, M. C., . . . Ignatiades, L. (2011). Overview of eutrophication indicators to assess environmental status within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 93(2), 117-131.
  • Galloway, J. N., & Cowling, E. B. (2002). Reactive nitrogen and the world: 200 years of change. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 31(2), 64-71.
  • Giordani, G., Zaldívar, J. M., & Viaroli, P. (2009). Simple tools for assessing water quality and trophic status in transitional water ecosystems. Ecological Indicators, 9(5), 982-991.
  • Giovanardi, F., & Vollenweider, R. A. (2004). Trophic conditions of marine coastal waters: experience in applying the Trophic Index TRIX to two areas of the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian seas. Journal of Limnology, 63(2), 199-218.
  • Glibert, P. M., Harrison, J., Heil, C., & Seitzinger, S. (2006). Escalating worldwide use of urea–a global change contributing to coastal eutrophication. Biogeochemistry, 77(3), 441-463.
  • Heiskary, S. A., & Bouchard Jr, R. W. (2015). Development of eutrophication criteria for Minnesota streams and rivers using multiple lines of evidence. Freshwater Science, 34(2), 574-592.
  • HELCOM. (2007). HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan. Retrieved from Krakow, Poland:
  • HELCOM. (2009). Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea – An integrated thematic assessment of the effects of nutrient enrichmentand eutrophication in the Baltic Sea region, Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 115B.
  • Howarth, R. W., Sharpley, A., & Walker, D. (2002). Sources of nutrient pollution to coastal waters in the United States: Implications for achieving coastal water quality goals. Estuaries, 25(4), 656-676.
  • Hoyer, M. V., Terrell, J. B., & Canfield Jr, D. E. (2015). Chain of eutrophication models for assessing the potential impact of nutrient enrichment on Choctawhatchee Bay, FL, USA. Florida Scientist, 20-36.
  • Ignatiades, L. (2005). Scaling the trophic status of the Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Sea Research, 54(1), 51-57.
  • Jiang, P., Cui, Y., Wang, H., & Wang, H. (2011). Macrobenthos communities and bio-assessment of lakes in Hanyang district. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 20(5), 525-533.
  • Jones, J. R., & Bachmann, R. W. (1976). Prediction of phosphorus and chlorophyll levels in lakes. Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 2176-2182.
  • Kitsiou, D., & Karydis, M. (2011). Coastal marine eutrophication assessment: a review on data analysis. Environment international, 37(4), 778-801.
  • Kupchella, C. E., & Hyland, M. C. (1989). Environmental Science: Living within the system of nature (2nd ed.). USA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Lazar, L., Boicenco, L., Beken, C., Dzhurova, B., Moncheva, S., Shtereva, G., & Vasiliu, D. (2016). Western black sea eutrophication status according to the black sea eutrophication asessment tool, BEAST-MISIS cruise results. Cercet. Mar., 46, 48-60.
  • Liebig, J. v. (1840). Organic chemistry in its application to vegetable physiology and agriculture. Readings in ecology. Prentice Hall, New York.
  • MSFD 2008/56/EC. (2008). Directive 2008/56/EC Of The European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Marine Environmental Policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive). Official Journal of the European Union, 19-40.
  • Nielsen, S. L., Sand-Jensen, K., Borum, J., & Geertz-Hansen, O. (2002). Phytoplankton, nutrients, and transparency in Danish coastal waters. Estuaries, 25(5), 930-937.
  • OSPAR. (2008). Marine biodiversity monitoring and assessment: Activities to improve synergies between EU directives and international conventions, Activities in all OSPAR Contracting Parties: OSPAR Commission.
  • OSPAR. (2017). Eutrophication Status of the OSPAR Maritime Area, Third Integrated Report on the Eutrophication Status of the OSPAR Maritime Area. Eutrophication Series. www.ospar.org
  • Pan, B.-Z., Wang, H.-Z., Pusch, M. T., & Wang, H.-J. (2015). Macroinvertebrate responses to regime shifts caused by eutrophication in subtropical shallow lakes. Freshwater Science, 34(3), 942-952.
  • Parparov, A., Gal, G., Hamilton, D. P., Kasprzak, P., & Ostapenia, A. (2010). Water quality assessment, trophic classification and water resources management.
  • Pettine, M., Casentini, B., Fazi, S., Giovanardi, F., & Pagnotta, R. (2007). A revisitation of TRIX for trophic status assessment in the light of the European Water Framework Directive: Application to Italian coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(9), 1413-1426.
  • Rask, N., Pedersen, S. E., & Jensen, M. H. (1999). Response to lowered nutrient discharges in the coastal waters around the island of Funen, Denmark. In Biological, Physical and Geochemical Features of Enclosed and Semi-enclosed Marine Systems (pp. 69-81): Springer.
  • Rinaldi, A., & Giovanardi, F. (2011). Contribution of Richard A. Vollenweider toward understanding eutrophication of the coastal Adriatic Sea. Aquatic ecosystem health & management, 14(2), 200-203.
  • Smil, V. (2004). Enriching the earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the transformation of world food production: MIT press.
  • Souchu, P., Ximenes, M., Lauret, M., Vaquer, A., & Dutrieux, E. (2000). Mise à jour d’indicateurs du niveau d’eutrophisation des milieux lagunaires méditerranéens, août 2000. Ifremer-Créocean-Université Montpellier II, 412.
  • Stips, A., Macias, D., Garcia-Gorriz, E., & Miladinova, S. (2016). Alternative assessments of large scale Eutrophication using ecosystem simulations: Hind-casting and scenario modelling. Luxembourg (Luxembourg): EUR, 27904.
  • The Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution, HELCOM, & The European Commission. (2014). Environmental monitoring of the Black Sea with focus on nutrient pollution” (Acronym: Baltic2Black), Final Report for the Grant Agreement No 07.0204/2010/580913/SUB/D2.
  • Tsakiris, G. (2015). The status of the European waters in 2015: a review. Environmental Processes, 2(3), 543-557.
  • UNEP/MAP. (2007a). Approaches to the Assessment of Eutrophication in Mediterranean Coastal Waters Retrieved from Athens:
  • UNEP/MAP. (2007b). Eutrophication Monitoring Strategy for the MED POL Retrieved from Athens:
  • USEPA. (2004). National Coastal Condition Report II. Retrieved from Washington, DC: http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/nccr2/
  • USEPA. (2008). EPA's report on the environment. Retrieved from Washington, DC 20460:
  • Vollenweider, R., Giovanardi, F., Montanari, G., & Rinaldi, A. (1998). Characterization of the trophic conditions of marine coastal waters with special reference to the NW Adriatic Sea: proposal for a trophic scale, turbidity and generalized water quality index. Environmetrics: The official journal of the International Environmetrics Society, 9(3), 329-357.
  • Vollenweider, R., & Kerekes, J. (1980). Loading concept as basis for controlling eutrophication philosophy and preliminary results of the OECD Programme on Eutrophication. Progress in Water Technology, 12, 5-38.
  • Vollenweider, R., Marchetti, R., & Viviani, R. (1992). Marine coastal eutrophication: the response of marine transitional systems to human impacts; problems and perspectives for restoration. In Marine coastal eutrophication: the response of marine transitional systems to human impacts; problems and perspectives for restoration: Elsevier.
  • Vollenweider, R. A. (1976). Advances in defining critical loading levels for phosphorus in lake eutrophication. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, Dott. Marco de Marchi Verbania Pallanza.
  • WFD 2000/60/EC. (2000). Directive 2000/60/Ec of the European Parliament And of The Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing A Framework For Community Action in the Field of Water Policy. Official Journal of the European Communities.
  • WFD 2000/60/EC Technical Report. (2009). Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), Guidance Document No. 23 Guidance Document on Eutrophication Assessment in the Context of European Water Policies
  • WFD Guidance Document No5. (2003). Common Implementation Strategy for the WFD (2000/60/EC), Transitional and Coastal Waters – Typology, Reference Conditions and Classification Systems.
  • Zaldívar, J.-M., Viaroli, P., Newton, A., De Wit, R., Ibañez, C., Reizopoulou, S., . . . Holmer, M. (2008). Eutrophication in transitional waters: an overview. Transitional Waters Monographs, 2(1), 1-78.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm TÜRKİYE SU BİLİMLERİ VE YÖNETİMİ DERGİSİ
Yazarlar

Duygu Ülker 0000-0002-6279-7321

İrşad Bayırhan 0000-0001-9404-399X

Selmin Burak 0000-0003-0780-0687

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ülker, D., Bayırhan, İ., & Burak, S. (2020). Assessment and Comparison of Commonly Used Eutrophication Indexes. Turkish Journal of Water Science and Management, 4(1), 4-30. https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.583530

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Turkish Journal of Water Science and Management
https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.946225
Estimating Limit Values of Dissolved Nutrients for the Assessment of Eutrophication in the Northeastern Mediterranean Rivers
Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1325674
 Kapak Resmi İndir

TJWSM expects all stakeholders to bear the following ethical responsibilities within the scope of publication ethics.

The following ethical duties and responsibilities have been prepared as open access, taking into account guidelines and policies published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

· Copyright fee cannot be claimed for the articles submitted to the journal or published in the journal.

· Author’s submissions are expected to be original.

· The references used in text and utilized should be written in the end-text references completely and suitable for basic rules of APA.

· Those who wish to withdraw their submitted paper for publication due to delays or other reasons should apply with a letter.

· The author (s) may be asked for raw data on their manuscripts within the framework of the evaluation process, in which case the author (s) should be prepared to submit the expected data and information to the editorial board and the scientific board.

· The author (s) have an obligation to cooperate with the editor to inform, correct or withdraw the journal editor or publisher if he / she discovers any errors or errors in the published, early appearance or evaluation phase.

· After starting the evaluation process of article, it is not possible to change the author responsibilities (such as adding an author, reordering of author names, removing the author).

· Authors should be provided with explanatory and informative notification and return to the editors.

· The authors should not contradict the ethics of scientific research and publication.

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors

TJWSM editors and field editors should have the following ethical duties and responsibilities on the basis of COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors and COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) as open access.

General Duties and Responsibilities

Editors are responsible for every publication in TJWSM. In this respect, editors have the following roles and obligations:

· Making efforts to meet the information needs of readers and writers,

· Ensuring the continuous development of the journal,

· Conducting processes to improve the quality of the studies published in the journal,

· Supporting freedom of thought,

· Ensuring academic integrity,

· Continuing processes without compromising intellectual rights and ethical standards,

· Demonstrate clarity and transparency in terms of publication in matters requiring correction, clarification.

Relations with the Readers

Editors should make decisions based on the knowledge, skills and expectations of all readers, researchers and practitioners that they need. In addition, the editors are obliged to take into account of feedback from readers, researchers and practitioners and provide explanatory and informative feedback. They should pay attention to the fact that the published works should provide readers, researchers, practitioners for scientific contributions and be original..

Relations with Authors

• Editors should make positive or negative decisions based on the importance of the work, original value, validity, clarity of expression and the aims and objectives of the journal.

• The studies that are in compliance with the publication scope should be taken to the pre-evaluation stage unless there is a serious problem.

• Editors should not ignore the favorable referee recommendations unless there is a serious problem with the work.

• New editors should not change the decisions made by the previous editor (s) for the work, unless there is a serious problem.

• "Blind Judging and Evaluation Process" must be published and editors should avoid deviations from the defined processes.

• Editors should publish an Author's Guide, updated periodically, which provide details of every topic to be expected by the authors.

Relations with Referees

• Editors should select referees according to the subject of the study.

• Editors oblige to provide the information and guides that referee’s need during the evaluation phase.

• Editors must observe whether there is a conflict of interest between authors and referees.

• The referees' identity information must be kept confidential.

• Encourage referees to consider working in an unbiased, scientific and objective.

• Evaluate referees with criteria such as timely return and performance.

• Develop policies and practices to improve the performance of referees.

• Take the necessary steps to dynamically update the referee pool.

• Prevent disrespectful and unscientific assessments.

Relations with Editorial Board

Editors should ensure that all editorial board members implement the processes according to editorial policies and guidelines and also should inform the members about the publication policies and developments. The editors must train new ones and provide the information they need.

In addition, editors;

• Ensure that the editorial board members evaluate the work impartially and independently.

• To select new editorial board members who are merit.

• Send manuscripts for review based on the subject of expertise of the editorial board members.

• Interact regularly with the editorial board.

• Organize meetings with the editorial board periodically for the development of publishing policies and journals.

Editorial and Blind Arbitration Processes

The Journal’s "Blind Arbitration and Evaluation Process" policies in the publication policies. In this context, the editors ensure that the fair, impartial and timely evaluation of each work is completed. Editors are obliged to comply with the policies of "Blind Review and Review Process" stated in the journal's publication policies. Therefore, the editors ensure that each manuscript is reviewed in an unbiased, fair and timely manner.

Quality assurance

Editors are responsible for the publication of each article in accordance with journals’ publishing policies and international standards.

Protection of personal data

Editors are responsible for protecting the individual data of the authors, referees and readers.

Ethics committee, human and animal rights

Editors are to ensure the protection of human and animal rights in the studies evaluated. Ethics committee should be responsible for rejection of the studies that have no permission for experimental research.

Measures against possible abuse and misconduct

Editors are obliged to take measures against possible abuse and misconduct. In addition to conducting a rigorous and objective investigation for the identification and evaluation of complaints, the editors are also responsible for sharing the findings.

Ensuring the integrity of academic publications

Editors should ensure that errors, inconsistencies or misleading in the work are quickly corrected.

Protection of intellectual property rights

Editors are to protect the intellectual property rights of all published articles and to defend the rights of journal and author (s) in case of possible violations.

Creativity and openness to discussion

Editors should take into account the persuasive criticisms of the works published in the journal and take a constructive attitude towards these criticisms.

They should give chance to the author (s) to respond to the review comments. They should not ignore or exclude studies having negative results.

Complaints

Editors are obliged to examine the complaints coming from the authors, referees or readers carefully and to respond explanatory manner.

Political and commercial concerns

The owner, publisher and any other political and commercial elements must not affect the editors’ independent decision-making.

Conflicts of interest

Editors should ensures that the manuscripts are completed in an independent and impartial manner. They should take into account conflicts of interest among the author (s), the referees and other editors.

Responsibilities of Referees

TJWSM’ assessment process is carried out with the principle of double-blinded refereeing. Meanwhile the referees cannot contact the authors directly. Reviews and comments are communicated through the journal management system. In this process, referee comments on evaluation forms and full texts are forwarded to the author (s) via the editor. In this context, the referees evaluating work for TJWSM are expected to have the following ethical responsibilities:

• Articles submitted to the journal are subject to at least two referees

• If one of the two referees gives a negative opinion, the manuscript is directed to a third referee or the editor to make the final decision.

• Assessments should be impartial.

• Referees must be experts in the article’s subject matter.

• Referees should not be in conflict of interest with research, authors and / or research funders.

• Checked articles should be kept confidential.

• They should dispose of the studies after reviewing with respect to the principle of confidentiality. They can only use the final versions of the studies they have reviewed after they are published.

• Evaluation should be objective in relation to the content of the study. Nationality, gender, religious beliefs, political beliefs and commercial concerns should not be allowed to influence assessment.

• Referees should evaluate article in a constructive and polite language. Do not make humiliating personal comments that include hostility, slander and insult.

• In case of any abuse of the author (s) (eg plagiarism or similar unethical activities), they should immediately inform the editor.

• Referees must adhere to and apply the ethical rules to which the author of the article is assessed.

• Referees should carry out the work they accept to evaluate in a timely manner

Editorial Board Members Ethical Responsibilities

The Editorial Board Members should be aware of the following ethical responsibilities:

• Editors does not demand any fee from the authors.

• Editors are responsible for all processes of the work sent to TJWSM. Thus editors who make decisions regardless of economic or political gains.

• Editors make independent decision.

• TJWSM protects copyright of each published article and keeps records of each published copy.

• TJWSM keeps the database accessible over the internet.

• Has the responsibility to take all kinds of scientific misconduct, citation and plagiarism-related measures for editors.

Actions Contrary to the Ethics of Scientific Research and Publication :

Plagiarism: To present the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, forms or works of others as part of their own work without referring to the scientific rules.

Fraud: Producing data that is not based on research, editing or modifying the submitted or published work based on unrealistic data, reporting or publishing them, portray

Distortion: To falsify research records and obtained data, to show the methods devices and materials not used in the research as if they are used, not to evaluate data that are not supporting the research hypothesis, to play with data and / or results in order to fit relevant theories or assumptions in line with the interests of the persons and organizations supported, to falsify or shape research results.

Republishing: To present more than one work containing the same results of a research as if they are separate works for using in academic promotions.

Slicing: To present the results of a research as separate works in the evaluation of associate professorship examinations and academic promotions by disrupting the integrity of the research, disaggregating it inappropriately and making numerous publications without referring to each other.

Unfair authorship: To include people who do not have active contributions to the authors, not to include those who have active contributions to the authors, to change the order of the author in an unjustified and inappropriate manner, to remove the names of those who have active contributions during publication or in subsequent editions, and to use their names even though they do not have active contributions.

Other types of ethical violations: Not to specify the publication of the research conducted by the people, institutions or organizations that support the research and their contributions to the research, to disobey ethical rules of human and animal research, not to respect for patient rights in publications, referees share field information with others before publication, to use the resources, spaces, facilities and equipment provided or reserved for scientific research without purpose, and to accuse completely unjustified, unwarranted and deliberate violation of ethics (YÖK Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive, Article 8).

If you encounter an unethical situation

If you notice significant errors or inaccuracies in an article published in TJWSM, or if you encounter any ethical conduct or content other than those mentioned above, please email waterjournal@tarimorman.gov.tr . Complaints will provide an opportunity for us to improve, so we welcome complaints and aim to return quickly and constructively