Kentleşmenin Küçük Menderes Nehir Havzası (Türkiye) Balık Faunasına Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 40 - 58, 20.01.2021

Gülşah Saç , Özcan Gaygusuz , Zeynep Dorak , Latife Köker Demo , Fatih Aydın , Reyhan Akçaalan Albay , Meriç Albay

https://doi.org/10.31807/tjwsm.764873

Öz

Kentleşme, balıkları da kapsayan sucul fauna ve floradaki değişimlerle bağlantılı olup sıklıkla balık çeşitliliği, zenginliği ve yoğunluğunda azalmaya yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, şehirleşme tehdidi altındaki Küçük Menderes Nehir Havzası’nın balık faunası ile bunların bolluklarını belirlemektir. Saha çalışmaları, durgun ve akışlı biyotoplardaki 50 farklı istasyonda sürdürülmüş ve balık örneklemesi elektroşoker, ığrıp ve galsama ağları kullanılarak Kasım 2017 ve Mayıs 2018 tarihlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 14 familyaya (Anguillidae, Acheilognathidae, Atherinidae, Blenniidae, Cobitidae, Cyprinidae, Gobiidae, Leuciscidae, Mugilidae, Nemacheilidae, Percidae, Poecilidae, Siluridae ve Syngnathidae) ait toplam 21 takson tanımlanmıştır. Cyprinidae dört takson ile en yüksek tür çeşitliliğine sahiptir ve Squalius kosswigi ve Cyprinus carpio en yaygın balık türleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Türler bollukları açısından değerlendirildiğinde, Gambusia holbrooki Hırsız (CPUE = 23.28 adet/dk/m2) ve Kuskudan (CPUE = 24.00 adet/dk/m2) derelerindeki en baskın balık türüdür. Alburnus demiri, Barbus pergamonensis, Cobitis fahireae, Oxynoemacheilus germencicus, Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus ve S. kosswigi havzadaki Anadolu endemikleri iken Atherina boyeri, Carassius auratus, C. gibelio ve Gambusia holbrooki istilacı balık türleridir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

su kirliliği, istilacı balıklar, kuraklık, endemik, sulama

Pressure of Urbanisation on the Fish Community Structure in Küçük Menderes River Basin (Turkey)

Öz

Urbanization is linked to changes in aquatic flora and fauna, including fishes, and it often leads to a decline in fish diversity, richness, and density. This study aims to determine the fish fauna and their abundance in Küçük Menderes River Basin, which is under the threat of urbanization. The field surveys were carried out in 50 different locations in lotic and lentic biotopes, and fish sampling was performed by using electro-shocker, seine-net, and gillnets in November 2017 and May 2018. A total of 21 taxa belonging to 14 families (Anguillidae, Acheilognathidae, Atherinidae, Blenniidae, Cobitidae, Cyprinidae, Gobiidae, Leuciscidae, Mugilidae, Nemacheilidae, Percidae, Poecilidae, Siluridae and Syngnathidae) was identified. Cyprinidae has the highest species richness with four taxa and the most commonly found fish species were Squalius kosswigi and Cyprinus carpio. In terms of abundance of species, Gambusia holbrooki was the most dominant fish species in Hırsız (the catch per unit effort = 23.28 n/min/m2) and Kuskudan (the catch per unit effort = 24.00 n/min/m2) streams. While Alburnus demiri, Barbus pergamonensis, Cobitis fahireae, Oxynoemacheilus germencicus, Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus and S. kosswigi are Anatolian endemics, Atherina boyeri, Carassius auratus, C. gibelio and Gambusia holbrooki are the invasive fish species in the basin.

Anahtar Kelimeler

water pollution, invasive fish, drought, endemic, irrigation

Destekleyen Kurum

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management

Teşekkür

This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management

Kaynakça

• Balık, S. (1979). Batı Anadolu tatlısu balıklarının taksonomisi ve ekolojik özellikleri üzerine araştırmalar. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi İlmi Raporlar Serisi No: 236, PhD, p. 61 (in Turkish)
• Balık, S., Ustaoğlu, M.R., Sarı, H.M. & Aygen, C. (1995). Tahtalı Baraj Havzasının (Gümüldür-İzmir) Omurgalı Faunası. II. Ulusal Ekoloji ve Çevre Kongresi. 11-13 Eylül, Ankara, 463-472. (in Turkish)
• Baran, İ. & Ongan, T. (1988). Gala Gölü’nün limnolojik özellikleri, balıkçılık sorunları ve öneriler. Gala Gölü ve Sorunları Sempozyumu, Doğal Hayatı Koruma Derneği Bilimsel Yayınlar Serisi, 46–54. (in Turkish)
• CEN (European Committee for Standardization) (2003). European Standard EN 14011: 2003. Water quality - sampling of fish with electricity. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
• CEN (European Committee for Standardization) (2006). European Standard EN 14962: 2006. Water quality - guidance on the scope and selection of fish sampling methods. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
• CEN (European Committee for Standardization) (2015). European Standard EN 14757: 2015. Water quality - sampling of fish with multi-mesh gillnets. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
• De Silva, S.S., Nguyen, T.T.T., Turchini, G.M., Amarasinghe, U.S. & Abery, N.W. (2008). Alien species in aquaculture and biodiversity: a paradox in food production. Ambio, 37, 24-28.
• García-Berthou, E. (1999). Food of introduced mosquitofish: ontogenetic diet shift and prey selection. Journal of Fish Biology, 55, 135-147. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00663.x
• Hassan Rashid, M.A.U., Manzoor, M.M. & Mukhtar, S. (2018). Urbanization and its effects on water resources: An exploratory analysis. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 15 (1), 67–74. doi:10.3233/AJW-180007
• İlhan, A., Ustaoğlu, M.R., Sarı, H.M., Başıaçık, S. & Gürleyen, N. (2009). The reproduction features of perch (Perca fluviatilis L., 1758) population in Tahtalı Dam Lake (Izmir). Ege University Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 26 (4), 257-260. (in Turkish with an abstract in English)
• İnnal, D. & Erk’akan, F. (2006). Effects of exotic and translocated fish species in the inland waters of Turkey. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 16, 39–50.
• Jordan, G.R. & Willis, D.W. (2001). Seasonal variation in sampling indices for Shovelnose Sturgeon, River Carpsucker, and shorthead redhorse collected from the Missouri River below Fort Randall Dam, South Dakota. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 16 (3), 331-340. doi:10.1080/02705060.2001.9663820
• Karaman, M.S. (1972). Süßwasserfische der Türkei. 9. Teil. Revision einiger kleinwüchsiger Cyprinidengattungen Phoxinellus, Leucaspius, Acanthobrama usw. aus Südeuropa, Kleinasien, Vorder-Asien und Nordafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 69, 115-155.
• Korkmaz, M., Mangıt, F. & Yerli, S.V. (2015). Length–weight relationships for freshwater fish species in Küçük Menderes River Basin, Turkey. Frontier in Marine Science Conference Abstract: XV European Congress of Ichthyology. doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2015.03.00167
• McKinney, M.L. (2001). Effect of human population, areas and time on non-native plant and fish diversity in the United States. Biological Conservation, 100, 243-252. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00027-1
• Mehner, T., Diekmann, M., Brämick, U. & Lemcke, R. (2005). Composition of fish communities in German lakes as related to lake morphology, trophic state, shore structure and human-use intensity. Freshwater Biology, 50, 70-85. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01294.x
• Özuluğ, M. & Saç, G. (2019). The freshwater fish fauna of İstanbul province (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 3 (1), 19-36. (in Turkish with an abstract in English)
• Pompeu, P.S. & Alves, C.B.M. (2005). The effects of urbanization on biodiversity and water quality in the Rio das Velhas Basin, Brazil. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 47, 11-22.
• Pyke, G.H. (2005). A review of the biology of Gambusia affinis and G. holbrooki. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 15, 339-365. doi: 10.1007/s11160-006-6394-x
• Sarsu, M. (1981). Gümüldür Deresi ve ona bağlı kaynaklarda yaşayan tatlısu balıklarının taksonomisi ve ekolojik özellikleri üzerine ön çalışmalar. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyolojik Oseanografi Bölümü (Diploma Tezi). pp. 1–30. (in Turkish)
• Sütgibi, S. (2009). Delta ecosystems and degradational impacts: A case study on the Küçük Menderes Delta. Aegean Geographical Journal, 18, (1-2): 59-72. (in Turkish with an abstract in English)
• Tarkan, A.S., Marr, S.M., Ekmekçi, F.G. (2015). Non-native and translocated freshwater fish species in Turkey. FiSHMED Fishes in Mediterranean Environments, 2015.003: 28p
• Yıldız, S., Ustaoğlu, M.R., Balık, S. (2009). Oligochaeta (Annelida) fauna of Akgöl and Gebekirse Lakes (Selçuk-İzmir). Review of Hydrobiology, 2, 173-186.