Öz
Kaynakça
- Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Larsen, S.A., Dagmar K. Andersena, D.K., Jepsen, N., Nielsen, J., Rasmussen, J.J. (2018). Headwater streams in the EU Water Framework Directive: Evidence-based decision support to select streams for river basin management plans. Science of the Total Environment, 613-614, 1048-1054.
- Blackstock, K.L., Ingram, J., Burton, R., Brown, KM., Slee, B. (2010). Understanding and influencing behaviour change by farmers to improve water quality.Science of the Total Environment, 408, 5631–5638.
- Blanco-Canqui, H., Gantzer, C.J., Anderson, S.H., Alberts, E.E., Thompson, A.L. (2004). Grass Barrier and Vegetative Filter Strip Effectiveness in Reducing Runoff, Sediment, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss, Agricultural Research Service. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 1670-1678.
- Buckley, C., (2012). Implementation of the EU Nitrates Directive in the Republic of Ireland—a view from the farm. Ecological Economics, 78, 29–36.
- Campbell N.S., D’arcy. B., Frost, A., Novotny, V., Sampson, A. (2004). Diffuse Pollution: An Introduction to the Problems and Solutions, 322 p. IWA Publishing.
- Cestti, R., Srivastava, J., Jung, S. (2003). Agriculture Non-point Source Pollution Control, Good Management Practices, Chesapeake Bay Experience, Environmentally & Socially Development Unit, Europe and Central Asia, the World Bank, Washington, D.C, USA.
- Collins, A. L., Zang, Y. S., Winter, M., Inman, A., Jones, J. I., Johnes, P. J., Cleasby, W., Vrain, E., Lovett, A., Noble, L. (2016). Tackling agricultural diffuse pollution: What might uptake of farmer-preferred measures deliver for emissions to water and air? Science of the Total Environment, 547, 269-281.
- Den Haan R. J., Fliervoet, J. M., van der Voorta, M. C., Cortes Arevalo, V. J., Hulscher, S. J. M. H. (2019). Understanding actor perspectives regarding challenges for integrated river basin management. International Journal of River Basin Management, 17(2), 229–242.
- EC (2000). European Commission Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Off. J. Eur. Communities (2000).
- EC (2012). European Commission Report From the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) River Basin Management Plans. COM (2012) 710 Final.
- Eila, T., Martti, E., Erkki, J., Pirkko, L., Riitta, L., Janne, K., Sari, R. (2005). Environmental Impact of Organic Farming, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Soils and Environment, Finland.
- Evers, M. (2016). Integrative river basin management: challenges and methodologies within the German planning system. Environmental Earth Science, 75, 1085.
- FAO. (2002). Organic Agriculture, Environment and Food Security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy: Edited by Scialabba,
- N., and Hatam, C. Fawecett, R. (2005). A Review of BMPs for Managing Crop Nutrients and Conservation Tillage to Improve Water Quality, Conservation Technology Information Center, West Lafeyette, Indiana, USA.
- Grismer, M.E., O’Geen, A.T., Lewis, D. (2006). Vegetative Filter Strips for Non-point Source, Publication 8195, Pollution Control in Agriculture, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Oakland, California, USA.
- Giakoumis T., Voulvoulis, N. (2019). Water Framework Directive programmes of measures: lessons from the 1st planning cycle of a catchment in England, Science of the Total Environment, 668, 903-916.
- Hairston, J. E. (2001). Controlling Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution through Best Management Practices. Alabama A&M and Auburn Universities, Alabama, USA: Alabama Cooperative Extension System.
- Harmancıoğlu, N. B., Altınbilek, D (eds.) (2020). Water Resources of Turkey, Part of the World Water Resources, Vol .2 Springer, ChamDOI, 545 p.
- Hilliard, C. A. (2000). Nutrient Management Planning, Water Quality Matters, Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Canada.
- KMRBMP (2020). Küçük Menderes River Basin Management Plan, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management, Ankara. (In Turkish)
- Konca, Y., Uzun, O. (2012). Effect of animal manure on soil and environment. 4th Congress of Soil Scientists of Azerbaijan. 23- 25 May 2012, 2(1). Baku (In Turkish).
- Lauringson, E., Talgre, L., Roostalu, H., and Vipper, H. (2004). The effect of tillage and crop rotation on the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Agronomy Research, 2, 63-70.
- Los, P. A. (2001). Vegetative Barriers for Erosion Control. University of Missouri Colombia, Colombia, USA: Department of Soil and Atmospheric Sciences.
- MoEU (2018a). Project on Updating the National Action Plan (NAP) for the Protection of Our Seas against Land Based Pollutants, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization,
- MoEU (2018b). Wastewater Action Plan (2017-2023). Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ankara. (In Turkish)
- MoEF (2010). Action Plan for the Protection of Küçük Menderes Basin, former Ministry of Environment and Forestry.
- NRCS. (2002). Nutrient Management, (acre), Code 590, Conservation Practıce Standard. Arizona, USA: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
- NRSC (2007). Conservation Practice Standard, Nutrient Management, (acre), Code 590. Minnesota, USA.: Natural Resources Conservation Service.
- Novotny, V. (2003). Water Quality-Diffuse Pollution and Watershed Management, 2nd Edition. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Ritter, W.F. and Shirmohammadi, A. (2001). Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution, Watershed Management and Hydrology, CRC Press LLC, Florida, USA.
- Selek B., Selek Z. (2020) River Basin Management. In: Harmancioglu N., Altinbilek D. (eds.) Water Resources of Turkey. World Water Resources, Vol 2. Springer, Cham, 445-465.
- Soyergin, S. (2003). Protection of Soil Fertility in Organic Agriculture, Fertilizers and Organic Soil Conditioners. Atatürk Central Research Institute on Garden Cultures, Ankara. (in Turkish).
- SHW (2016). Study on the Master Plan of Küçük Menderes Basin, State Hydraulic Works (SHW), Ankara.
- Taha, R., Dietrich, J., Dehnhardt, A., Hirschfeld, J. (2019). Scaling effects in spatial multi-criteria decision aggregation in integrated river basin management. Water, 11, 355.
- Tavşan, Ç. (2008). Investigation on the best management practices for reduction of diffuse nutrient loads in the Melen Watershed, Master Dissertation, ITU Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology, İstanbul (in Turkish).
- USEPA (2003). National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Agriculture - Chap. 4f: Irrigation Water Management, Washington, USA
- EPA, 2020. Retrieved June 2020 from http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/agmm/chap4f.pdf
- USEPA. (2007). Agricultural Management Practices for Water Quality Protection, Watershed Academy Training Module. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA: https://cfpub.epa.gov/watertrain/moduleFrame.cfm?parent_object_id=1362
- USDA. (2000). Conservation Buffers to Reduce Pesticide Losses. Washington, USA: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service.
- Wheaton, RA. (2001). Terracing as a ‘Best Management Practice’ for Controlling Erosion and Protecting Water Quality, Agricultural Engineering Department, Purdue University, USA. Cooperative Extension Service.
- Xie, H., Chen, L., & Shen, Z. (2015). assessment of Agricultural Best Management Practices Using Models: Current Issues and Future Perspectives. Water, 7(3), 1088-1108.http://doi.org/10.3390/w7031088
Öz
We explained the methodology used in setting the basic and supplementary measures for diffuse pollutants at Küçük Menderes Basin. As the majority of diffuse pollutants arise from livestock breeding and agricultural activities, we focused to propose measures regarded with tackling the pollution from agricultural activities. The types and distribution of diffuse loads were expressed by total nitrogen and phosphorous parameters. We used the results of a yearlong surface water quality monitoring involving physico-chemical, chemical and biological parameters with specific pollutants and priority substances,set in the European Union Water Framework Directive as the AquaTool input data. The AquaTool model was run for attaining the outcomes of a series of measures determined according to the ecological sensitivity of each water body. The removal efficiency of pollution loads provided by the best management practices in agricultural activities and livestock breeding were compiled from literature,and typical removal rates were further determined for the basin. We produced nine alternative scenarios
at first cycle for determining compliance measures for mitigating point and diffuse sources of pollution in surface water bodies, and water quality improvements observed in the Model were reported. A number of exemptions were defined for some of the water bodies that could not achieve the environmental objectives at the end of first implementation cycle. 759 proposed measures for tackling diffuse pollution were 81% of the total measures considered. Additionally, the measures for mitigating diffuse agricultural pollution were almost equal to half of the diffuse pollutant measures, and 40% of the overall measures listed
Anahtar Kelimeler
Diffuse pollutants Basic measures Total nitrogen Total phosphorus
Destekleyen Kurum
Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı
Teşekkür
This study prepared by io Environmental Solutions company was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management.
Kaynakça
- Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Larsen, S.A., Dagmar K. Andersena, D.K., Jepsen, N., Nielsen, J., Rasmussen, J.J. (2018). Headwater streams in the EU Water Framework Directive: Evidence-based decision support to select streams for river basin management plans. Science of the Total Environment, 613-614, 1048-1054.
- Blackstock, K.L., Ingram, J., Burton, R., Brown, KM., Slee, B. (2010). Understanding and influencing behaviour change by farmers to improve water quality.Science of the Total Environment, 408, 5631–5638.
- Blanco-Canqui, H., Gantzer, C.J., Anderson, S.H., Alberts, E.E., Thompson, A.L. (2004). Grass Barrier and Vegetative Filter Strip Effectiveness in Reducing Runoff, Sediment, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss, Agricultural Research Service. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 1670-1678.
- Buckley, C., (2012). Implementation of the EU Nitrates Directive in the Republic of Ireland—a view from the farm. Ecological Economics, 78, 29–36.
- Campbell N.S., D’arcy. B., Frost, A., Novotny, V., Sampson, A. (2004). Diffuse Pollution: An Introduction to the Problems and Solutions, 322 p. IWA Publishing.
- Cestti, R., Srivastava, J., Jung, S. (2003). Agriculture Non-point Source Pollution Control, Good Management Practices, Chesapeake Bay Experience, Environmentally & Socially Development Unit, Europe and Central Asia, the World Bank, Washington, D.C, USA.
- Collins, A. L., Zang, Y. S., Winter, M., Inman, A., Jones, J. I., Johnes, P. J., Cleasby, W., Vrain, E., Lovett, A., Noble, L. (2016). Tackling agricultural diffuse pollution: What might uptake of farmer-preferred measures deliver for emissions to water and air? Science of the Total Environment, 547, 269-281.
- Den Haan R. J., Fliervoet, J. M., van der Voorta, M. C., Cortes Arevalo, V. J., Hulscher, S. J. M. H. (2019). Understanding actor perspectives regarding challenges for integrated river basin management. International Journal of River Basin Management, 17(2), 229–242.
- EC (2000). European Commission Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Off. J. Eur. Communities (2000).
- EC (2012). European Commission Report From the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) River Basin Management Plans. COM (2012) 710 Final.
- Eila, T., Martti, E., Erkki, J., Pirkko, L., Riitta, L., Janne, K., Sari, R. (2005). Environmental Impact of Organic Farming, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Soils and Environment, Finland.
- Evers, M. (2016). Integrative river basin management: challenges and methodologies within the German planning system. Environmental Earth Science, 75, 1085.
- FAO. (2002). Organic Agriculture, Environment and Food Security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy: Edited by Scialabba,
- N., and Hatam, C. Fawecett, R. (2005). A Review of BMPs for Managing Crop Nutrients and Conservation Tillage to Improve Water Quality, Conservation Technology Information Center, West Lafeyette, Indiana, USA.
- Grismer, M.E., O’Geen, A.T., Lewis, D. (2006). Vegetative Filter Strips for Non-point Source, Publication 8195, Pollution Control in Agriculture, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Oakland, California, USA.
- Giakoumis T., Voulvoulis, N. (2019). Water Framework Directive programmes of measures: lessons from the 1st planning cycle of a catchment in England, Science of the Total Environment, 668, 903-916.
- Hairston, J. E. (2001). Controlling Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution through Best Management Practices. Alabama A&M and Auburn Universities, Alabama, USA: Alabama Cooperative Extension System.
- Harmancıoğlu, N. B., Altınbilek, D (eds.) (2020). Water Resources of Turkey, Part of the World Water Resources, Vol .2 Springer, ChamDOI, 545 p.
- Hilliard, C. A. (2000). Nutrient Management Planning, Water Quality Matters, Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Canada.
- KMRBMP (2020). Küçük Menderes River Basin Management Plan, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management, Ankara. (In Turkish)
- Konca, Y., Uzun, O. (2012). Effect of animal manure on soil and environment. 4th Congress of Soil Scientists of Azerbaijan. 23- 25 May 2012, 2(1). Baku (In Turkish).
- Lauringson, E., Talgre, L., Roostalu, H., and Vipper, H. (2004). The effect of tillage and crop rotation on the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Agronomy Research, 2, 63-70.
- Los, P. A. (2001). Vegetative Barriers for Erosion Control. University of Missouri Colombia, Colombia, USA: Department of Soil and Atmospheric Sciences.
- MoEU (2018a). Project on Updating the National Action Plan (NAP) for the Protection of Our Seas against Land Based Pollutants, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization,
- MoEU (2018b). Wastewater Action Plan (2017-2023). Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ankara. (In Turkish)
- MoEF (2010). Action Plan for the Protection of Küçük Menderes Basin, former Ministry of Environment and Forestry.
- NRCS. (2002). Nutrient Management, (acre), Code 590, Conservation Practıce Standard. Arizona, USA: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
- NRSC (2007). Conservation Practice Standard, Nutrient Management, (acre), Code 590. Minnesota, USA.: Natural Resources Conservation Service.
- Novotny, V. (2003). Water Quality-Diffuse Pollution and Watershed Management, 2nd Edition. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Ritter, W.F. and Shirmohammadi, A. (2001). Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution, Watershed Management and Hydrology, CRC Press LLC, Florida, USA.
- Selek B., Selek Z. (2020) River Basin Management. In: Harmancioglu N., Altinbilek D. (eds.) Water Resources of Turkey. World Water Resources, Vol 2. Springer, Cham, 445-465.
- Soyergin, S. (2003). Protection of Soil Fertility in Organic Agriculture, Fertilizers and Organic Soil Conditioners. Atatürk Central Research Institute on Garden Cultures, Ankara. (in Turkish).
- SHW (2016). Study on the Master Plan of Küçük Menderes Basin, State Hydraulic Works (SHW), Ankara.
- Taha, R., Dietrich, J., Dehnhardt, A., Hirschfeld, J. (2019). Scaling effects in spatial multi-criteria decision aggregation in integrated river basin management. Water, 11, 355.
- Tavşan, Ç. (2008). Investigation on the best management practices for reduction of diffuse nutrient loads in the Melen Watershed, Master Dissertation, ITU Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology, İstanbul (in Turkish).
- USEPA (2003). National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Agriculture - Chap. 4f: Irrigation Water Management, Washington, USA
- EPA, 2020. Retrieved June 2020 from http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/agmm/chap4f.pdf
- USEPA. (2007). Agricultural Management Practices for Water Quality Protection, Watershed Academy Training Module. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA: https://cfpub.epa.gov/watertrain/moduleFrame.cfm?parent_object_id=1362
- USDA. (2000). Conservation Buffers to Reduce Pesticide Losses. Washington, USA: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service.
- Wheaton, RA. (2001). Terracing as a ‘Best Management Practice’ for Controlling Erosion and Protecting Water Quality, Agricultural Engineering Department, Purdue University, USA. Cooperative Extension Service.
- Xie, H., Chen, L., & Shen, Z. (2015). assessment of Agricultural Best Management Practices Using Models: Current Issues and Future Perspectives. Water, 7(3), 1088-1108.http://doi.org/10.3390/w7031088
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | TÜRKİYE SU BİLİMLERİ VE YÖNETİMİ DERGİSİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 12 Temmuz 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2 |
Cited By
Utility of a source-related matrix in basin management studies: a practice on a sub-Basin in Turkey
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Asude Hanedar
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14142-8
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