Enteral Yolla Verilen Krizotil Asbestin Ratların Mide Mukozasına Etkileri

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 13 - 18, 20.03.2007

Adnan Hasanoğlu

Öz

Çevresel ve mesleksel asbest maruziyetinin akciğer ve plevrada maligniteye kadar varan patolojiler oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Oral yolla alınan asbestin oluşturduğu patolojileri inceleyen çalışma sayısı çok azdır. Bu çalışma oral olarak alınan asbestin sindirim sisteminde oluşturduğu etkileri göstermek amacı ile planlanmıştır

Wistar albino cinsi 60 rat çalışmaya alınmış ve 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Grup A(n:24) daki ratlara l,5gr/lt krizotil asbest ve su kanşımı; grup B(n:24) ye 3gr/lt krizotil asbest ve su karışımı kontrol grubu olan grup C(n:12) ye ise sadece su biberonla verildi. Her 3 ayda bir grup A ve B’den 6 şar, grup C’den 3 er rat eter anestezi ile sakrifıye edildi. Karaciğer, dalak, bağırsak, mezenter lenf nodları ve mide mukozasından örnekler alınarak histopatolojik inceleme yapıldı.
Grup B’deki ratlarda 3. aydan itibaren incisura angularis’de mi¬de displazisi tesbit edildi. Birinci yılın sonunda grup A ve B deki ratlarda kontrol grubuna göre önemli ve şiddetli displazi ve dalakta asbest cisimcikleri görülmüştür(p<0.005). Ayrıca dalakta subkapsüler fıbrozis oluşumu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç olarak; ağız yoluyla ratlara verilen asbestin maligniteye yol açacak şekilde gastrik mukozada patolojik değişikliklere sebep olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca dalakta görülen asbest cisimcikleri ve patolojik değişiklikler retiküloendotelyal sistemin de sürece katıldığını düşündürmüştür.

Abstract
Occupational and environmental asbestos exposure by inhalation causes pulmonary diseases such as asbestosis, pulmonary and pleural malignancies, pleural fibrosis and calcifications.
This study is designed to show the effects of orally taken asbestos to the gastric mucosa. Sixty Wistar-albino rats were separated into 3 groups. Group A(n:24) had taken 1.5 gr/lt chrysotile asbestos with water. Group B(n:24) had taken 3 gr/lt asbestos with water and Group C(n:12) as a control group had taken only water. Asbestos water solution or only water was given to the rats with baby’s bottle. At every 3 months 6 rats from group A and B; 3 rats from group C were sacrificed. Samples from their gastric mucosa, intestine, liver, spleen and mesenterial lymph nodes were taken for histopathological examination. Gastric dysplasia on incisura angularis was shown in the rats of group B at the end of third month. At the end of one year on the rats in group A and B significant dysplasia was demonstrated in comparison with control group(p<0.005). Asbestos bodies were coexisted with subcapsular fibrosis in the spleen.
As a conclusion; it is shown that orally taken asbestos fibers made some changes on gastric mucosa that might lead to malignancies. Asbestos bodies which were seen in the spleen are the evidence of the involvement of reticuloendothelial system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asbest, krizotil, mide karsinomu

Kaynakça

• 1. Baris YI. Asbestos and Eroinite Related Chest Diseases. Ankara, Turkey: Semih Ofset, 1987; 3-67.
• 2. Fraser RS, Pane J, Fraser RG, Pare PD. Pleuropulmonary disease caused by inorganic dust. In: Fraser RS, ed. Syn¬opsis of Diseases chest. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 1974. p.705-39.
• 3. Selçuk ZT, Coplu L, Emir S, Kalyoncu AF, Sahin AA, Baris YI. Malignant pleural mesothelioma due to envi¬ronmental mineral fiber exposure in Turkey. Chest 1992;102:790-6.
• 4. Baris YI, Artvinli M, Sahin AA. Environmental meso¬thelioma in Turkey. Ann New York Academy of Sci¬ences. 1979;423-33.
• 5. Yazicioglu S, Oktem K, Ilcay N, Balci K, Sayli BS. Asso¬ciation between malignant tumors of the lungs and pleura. Chest 1973;73:52-7.
• 6. Hasanoğlu HC, Gokirmak M, Baysal T, Yildirim Z, Kok¬sal N, Onal Y. Environmental exposure to asbestos in eastern Turkey. Arch Environ Health. 2003;58:144-50.
• 7. Hasanoğlu HC, Yildirim Z, Ermiş H, Kilic T, Koksal N. Lung cancer and mesothelioma in towns with environ¬mental exposure to asbestos in Eastern Anatolia. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2006;79:89-91.
• 8. Henderson DW, Rantanen J, Bornhort S. Consensus re¬port: Asbestos, asbestosis and cancer: Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and attribution. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997;23:311-6.
• 9. Light WG, Wei ET. Surface charge and asbestos toxicity. Nature 1997; 265:537-9.
• 10. Robert WM, Donnia EF. Asbestos and gastrointestinal cancer a review of the literature. The Western Journal of Medicine 1985;143:60-5.
• 11. Howard F, Jesse B. Asbestos Exposure and gastrointesti¬nal malignancy review and metaanalysis. American Jour¬nal of Indusrtrial Medicine 1988;14:79-95.
• 12. Polissar L, Severson RK, Boatman ES. Cancer risk from asbestos in drinking water; summary of a case-control study western Washington. Environ Health Perspect 1983;53:57-60.
• 13. Harrington JM, Craun GF, Meigs JW, Landrigan PJ, Flannery JT, Woodhull RS. An investigation of the use of asbestos cement pipe for public water supply and the inci¬dence of gastrointestinal cancer in Connecticut, 1935- 1973. Am J Epidemiol 1978;107:96-103.
• 14. Cunnigham HM, Pontefract RD, O Brie RC. Quantitative relationship of fecal asbestos to asbestos exposure. J Toxi¬col Environ Health 1976; 1:377.
• 15. Donham KJ, Will LA, Denman D, Leinninger JR. The combined effect of asbestos ingestion and localized X- irradiation of the colon in rats. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1984;5:229-308.
• 16. Thomas J, Delahunty H. Toxic effect on the rat small intestine of chronic administration of asbestos in drinking water. Toxicology letter 1987; 39: 205-9.
• 17. Jacops R, Humphrys J, Dodson KS, Richards RJ. Light and electron microscope studies of the rat digestive tract following prolonged and short- term ingestion of chry¬sotile asbestos. Br J Ex Pathol 1978,59:443-53.
• 18. Krishimoto T, Okada K, Negake Y, Doi K,Takusagawa Y, Ono T. Shimamoto F. A case of asbestosis complicated with double cancer of the stomach and colon. Gon No Rinsho 1989;35:417-20.
• 19. Correa P. Clinical implications of recent development in gastric cancer pathology and epidemiology. Semin Oncol 1985;12:2-10.
• 20. Correa P. Human gastric carcinogenesis: A multistep and multifactorial process-first American Cancer Society Award Lecture on cancer epidemiology and prevention. Cancer Res 1992;52:6735-40.
• 21. Correa P, Haenszel W, Cuello C. Gastric pre-cancerous process in high risk population: cross sectional studies. Cancer Ress 1990;4731-40.
• 22. Cullen RT, Miller BG, Clark S, Davis JM. Tumorigenicity of cellulose fibers injected into the rat peritoneal cavity. Inhal Toxicol 2002;14:685-703.
• 23. Kogam FM, Vanchugova NN, Franch VN. Possibility of inducing glandular stomach cancer in rats exposed to as¬bestos. Br J Int Med 19 87;44.682-6.
• 24. Jacops R. Weinzweig M, Dodgson KS, Richards RJ. Nucleic acid metabolism in the rat following short-term and prolonged ingestion of chrysotile asbestos or ciga¬rette-smoke condensate. Br J Exp Pathol 1978;59: 594- 600.
• 25. Di Gregonio C, Morandi P, Fante R. Gastric dysplasia: A follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol 1993;88:1714-9.
• 26. Lauwers GY, Rindell RH. Gastric epithelial dysplasia. Gut 1999;45:784-90.
• 27. Crawfer JM. Gastric carcinoma. In: Catron RS, Kumar V, Collins T, eds. Catron: Robbins pathologic basis of dis¬ease. 6th ed. Philadelpia: WB Saunders; 1999. p.788-802.
• 28. Ehrlich A, Gordon RE, Dikman SH. Carcinoma of the colon in asbestos-exposed workers: analysis of asbestos content in colon tissue. Am J Int Med 1991; 19: 629-36.
• 29. Weiner ML. Intestinal transport of some macromolecules in food. Food Chern Toxicol 1988;26:867-80.