Klinik Araştırma
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Detection Of Blastocystis Hominis In Children With Diarrhea And The Effect Of Infection On Nutritional Status Of Them In Tikrit City- Iraq

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 123 - 130, 27.11.2016

Öz

Objectives: Blastocystis hominis is a causative agent of blastocystosis. It is worldwide cause of illness and disease. Our aim was to show the distribution of B. hominis among patients with diarrhea aged 6-12 years old and its effect on nutritional status of the children.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 1100 children attended to three clinical centers in Tikrit. The clinical examination was carried on for all children including anthropometric measurements and laboratory investigation including general stool examination, haematological and some biochemical parameters.

Results: The overall rate of B. hominis infection was 2.27%, the infection rate was highest among 10-12 years old. The haemoglobin concentration (g/dl) among infected and non-infected children was within normal range. The total WBC count in infected children was higher than non-infected ones. The infection lead to neutropenia, lymphocytosis, decrease monocytes but had no significant effect on eosinophil and basophils. The infection significantly decreased the level of serum zinc (mmol/l). Although the values of T-rosettes cells and B-lymphocytes increased but the percentage of Null cells decreased in infected children.

Conclusions: The rate of Blastocystis hominis in Kirkuk city was 2.27%. The infection did not lead to anemia, but increased total leucocytes count, lymphocytes; Null cells; decreased neutrophils, monocytes, B-lymphocytes, T-rosetts cells and serum zinc concentration.

Mohammed Abdul-Aziz KADIR, Suhair T. EL-YASSIN, Abdul-Ghani M.ALI

Kaynakça

  • 1- Tan KS. New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008;21:639.
  • 2- Leder K, Ryan ET and Baron EL. Blastocystis species up to date official reprint, Wolters klumer, 2016, http://www.uptodate.com/contents/blas-tocystis-species (Access date: March 21,2016).
  • 3- Parker U, Traub RJ, Kumar S et al. Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential. Parasitol 2007;134: 359-67.
  • 4- Stark D, Barratt JLN, Hal SV, Marriott D et al. Clinical significance of Enteric protozoa in the immunosuppressed human population. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009;22: 634-50.
  • 5- El-Shazly AM, Abdel-Magied AA, El-Beshbishi SN et al. Blastocystis hominis among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Talkha Center, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2005;35:653-66.
  • 6- Rhongbustri P. Seasonal prevalence of Blastocystis hominis among patients attending Thammasat Chalermprakiat Hospital, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. J Trop Med Parasitol 2005;28:39-42.
  • 7- SaLinas JL and Gonzales HV. Infection by Blastocystis . Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2007; 27: 264-74.
  • 8- Rao K, Sekar U, Iravian KT, Abraham G, Soundararajan P. Blastocystis hominis-an emerging cause of diarrhea in renal transplant recipients. J Assoc Physicians India 2003;51:719-21.
  • 9- Al-Sadoon MA. Rotaviral and protozoal infections among malignant children in Basrah Governorate. TQM J 2012;6: 173-80.
  • 10-Mohammed RM and Ali SA.. A Study ort * Blastocystis hominis infection in Sulai-mani Pediatric Teaching Hospital. Int J Current Research & Academic Review 2015;3:290-9.
  • 11-AI-Kaissi E and Al-Magdi KJ. Pathogenicity of Blastocystis hominis in relation to enteropathogens in in gastroenteritis cases in Baghdad. European J Scienti- fic Research 2009; 25:606-13.
  • 12- Al-Bayatti AJ, Jawad SQ. The association of intestinal parasites with serum zinc level among primary school children in Iraq. J College Basic Education 2011;17:131-8.
  • 13-Ertug S, Karakas S, Okyay P, Ergin F and Oncu S. The effect of Blastocystis hominis on the growth status of children. Med Sci Monit 2007;13:CR40-3.
  • 14-Ertug S, MalatyalI E, Ertabaklar H, Ca-liskan SO and Bozdoğan B. Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates and evaluation of clinical symptoms detected in Aydin province, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bui 2015;49:98-104.
  • 15-Tafti MHA, Mirjalili MM and Aghabagheri M. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in children attending Day-Care Centers in Yazd City, Iran. J Comm Health Res 2014;3:96-102.
  • 16-Speich B, Marti H, Arne SM et al. Prevalence of intestinal protozoa infection among school-aged children on Pemba Island, Tanzania, and effect of singledose albendazole, nitazoxanide and al-bendazole-nitazoxanide. Parasit Vectors 2013;6:3.
  • 17-Brown KN, Peerson JM and Allen LH. Effect of zinc supplementation on children ’s growth: a meta-analysis of intervention trials. Bibliotheca Nutroitio-Et Dieta 1998;54:76-83 (Trasulated).
  • 18-Fierke C. Function and mechanism of zinc. J Nutr 2000;130:1437-46.
  • 19-Bhutta ZA, Black RE and Brown KH. Prevention and diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: Pooled analysis of randomized controlled studies. J Pe-diat1999;135:689-97.
  • 20-Astiazaran-Garcia H, Inigo-Figueroa G, Quihui-Costa L and Anduro-Corona I. Crosstalk between zinc status and Giar-dia infection: A New Approach. Nutrition 2015;7:4438-52.
  • 21-Bhatnagar S, Bahl R, Sharma PK, Kumar GT, Sarena SK and Bhan MK. Zinc with oral rehydration therapy reduce stool output and duration of diarrhea in hospitalized children: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediat Gastroenterol Nutrit 2004;38:34-40.
  • 22-Beaver PC, Jung RC and Cupp EW. Clinical Parasitology. 9 th edit. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1984:114.
  • 23-Dunn OJ and Clark VA. Basic Statistics. A primer for Biomedical Sciences, 4th. edition. Hoboken New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.; 2009.
  • 24-Kumar A, Windle ML, Pharm D, Weisse M, Tolan RW and Steele R. Intestinal protozoal diseases. E med 2004;9:6.
  • 25-Karyaghdi TKN. Study the efficacy of some laboratory methods in diagnosis of intestinal parasite among infected peoples in Kirkuk city-lraq. MSc thesis, Kirkuk University College of Science; 2013.
  • 26-Salman YJ, Al-Taee AA and Abid AM. Role of employee of some biological stains in detecting Giardia lamblia among internal Iraqi displaced people in Kirkuk province. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2016;5:705-18.
  • 27-Salman YJ. Detection of Blastocystis ho-monis among peoples in Kirkuk province using ELISA and direct microscopy. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2015;4;686-95.
  • 28-AI-Sheikly SAAR. An epidemiological study and some aspects of pathological infection with Blastocystis hominis in Baghdad . MSc thesis, Al-Mustansirya University; 2002.
  • 29- Hameed MA. Prevalence of parasitic diseases and its effect on nutritional status of school children in Hawija district. A Diploma Dissertation, in Primary Health Care (DPHC), Tikrit University College of Medicine; 1998.
  • 30-AI-Janabi MA. Common health problems among primary school children in Sinn-yia district. A Diploma Dissertation, Tikrit University College of Medicine; 1992.
  • 31-Levy Y, George J and Shoenfeld Y Severe Blastocystis hominis in elderly man. J Infect 1996;33:57-9.
  • 32-Cheng HS, Guo YL and Shin JW Hematological effects of Blastocystis hominis infection in male foreign workers in Taiwan. Parasitol Res 2003;90:48-51.
  • 33-AI-Laham NA, El-Yazji MS, Al-Haddad RJ and Ridwan FN. Possible hematological changes associated with acute gastroenteritis among kindergartenchildren in Gaza. Ann. Med. Health Sci Res 2015;5(4):292-8.
  • 34-Bahijri SM. Serum zinc in and preschool children in the Jeddah area: Effect of diet and diarrhea in relation to growth. Annals of Saudi Medicine 2001 ;21: 324-9.
  • 35-Cruz JR, Bartlett AV, Mendez H and Sib-rian R. Epidemiology of persistent diarrhea among Guatemalan rural children. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1992;381:22-6.
  • 36-Kilic E, Saraymen R, Miman O, and Yazar S. Evaluation of serum copper level during Giardia intestinalis infection. Afr J Microbiol Res 2010;4:1013-15.
  • 37-Ertan P, Yereli K, Kurt O, Balcioglu IC and Onag A. Serological levels of zinc, copper and iron elements among Giardia lamblia infected children in Turkey. Pediat Int 2002;44:286-8.
  • 38-AI-Wahab SA, Mahdi NK, and Mahdi JK. Trace elements levels in patients with some different parasitic infections. J Bahrain Med Soc 2009;21:340-3.
  • 39-Nazir Z and Moazem F. Amebic liver abscess in children. Peditr Infect Dis J 1993;12:929-32.
  • 40-Melvin DM and Brooke MM (Eds). Laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. 3rd Edition. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Dept, of Health and Human Services publication; 1982. 41-Rahman MM, Vermund SH, Wahed MA, Fuchs GJ, Baqui AH and Alvarez JO. Simultaneous zinc and Vitamin A supplementation in Bangladeshi children randomised double blind controlled trial. BMJ 2001;323:314-8.

Diyareli Çocuklarda Blastocystis Hominis Varlığının Ve Nütrisyonel Durumlarına Etkisinin Saptanması

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 123 - 130, 27.11.2016

Öz

Amaç: Blastocystis hominis dünya çapında bir hastalık olan blastositozun etken ajanıdır. Bizim amacımız, bu çalışmada 6-12 yaş grubunda ishali olan çocuklardaki B. hominis dağılımını ve bu çocukların nütrisyonel durumlarına etkilerini incelemektir.

Materyal ve Metot: Tikrit’teki üç klinik merkeze getirilen 1100 çocuk üzerinde çapraz kesitsel bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Tüm çocuklarda antropometrik incelemeleri içeren klinik incelemeler ve genel gayta inceleme, hamatolojik ve bazı biyokimyasal parametreleri içeren laboratuar araştırmaları yapılmıştır.

Sonuçlar: Kerkük şehrindeki B. hominis oranı %2.2 olup, enfeksiyon anemiye sebep olmamış, total lökosit sayısını, lenfositleri, Null hücrelerini arttırmış, nötrofil, monosit, B-lenfosit, T- rozet hücreleri ve serum çinko konsantrasyonunu azaltmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1- Tan KS. New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008;21:639.
  • 2- Leder K, Ryan ET and Baron EL. Blastocystis species up to date official reprint, Wolters klumer, 2016, http://www.uptodate.com/contents/blas-tocystis-species (Access date: March 21,2016).
  • 3- Parker U, Traub RJ, Kumar S et al. Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential. Parasitol 2007;134: 359-67.
  • 4- Stark D, Barratt JLN, Hal SV, Marriott D et al. Clinical significance of Enteric protozoa in the immunosuppressed human population. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009;22: 634-50.
  • 5- El-Shazly AM, Abdel-Magied AA, El-Beshbishi SN et al. Blastocystis hominis among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Talkha Center, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2005;35:653-66.
  • 6- Rhongbustri P. Seasonal prevalence of Blastocystis hominis among patients attending Thammasat Chalermprakiat Hospital, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. J Trop Med Parasitol 2005;28:39-42.
  • 7- SaLinas JL and Gonzales HV. Infection by Blastocystis . Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2007; 27: 264-74.
  • 8- Rao K, Sekar U, Iravian KT, Abraham G, Soundararajan P. Blastocystis hominis-an emerging cause of diarrhea in renal transplant recipients. J Assoc Physicians India 2003;51:719-21.
  • 9- Al-Sadoon MA. Rotaviral and protozoal infections among malignant children in Basrah Governorate. TQM J 2012;6: 173-80.
  • 10-Mohammed RM and Ali SA.. A Study ort * Blastocystis hominis infection in Sulai-mani Pediatric Teaching Hospital. Int J Current Research & Academic Review 2015;3:290-9.
  • 11-AI-Kaissi E and Al-Magdi KJ. Pathogenicity of Blastocystis hominis in relation to enteropathogens in in gastroenteritis cases in Baghdad. European J Scienti- fic Research 2009; 25:606-13.
  • 12- Al-Bayatti AJ, Jawad SQ. The association of intestinal parasites with serum zinc level among primary school children in Iraq. J College Basic Education 2011;17:131-8.
  • 13-Ertug S, Karakas S, Okyay P, Ergin F and Oncu S. The effect of Blastocystis hominis on the growth status of children. Med Sci Monit 2007;13:CR40-3.
  • 14-Ertug S, MalatyalI E, Ertabaklar H, Ca-liskan SO and Bozdoğan B. Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates and evaluation of clinical symptoms detected in Aydin province, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bui 2015;49:98-104.
  • 15-Tafti MHA, Mirjalili MM and Aghabagheri M. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in children attending Day-Care Centers in Yazd City, Iran. J Comm Health Res 2014;3:96-102.
  • 16-Speich B, Marti H, Arne SM et al. Prevalence of intestinal protozoa infection among school-aged children on Pemba Island, Tanzania, and effect of singledose albendazole, nitazoxanide and al-bendazole-nitazoxanide. Parasit Vectors 2013;6:3.
  • 17-Brown KN, Peerson JM and Allen LH. Effect of zinc supplementation on children ’s growth: a meta-analysis of intervention trials. Bibliotheca Nutroitio-Et Dieta 1998;54:76-83 (Trasulated).
  • 18-Fierke C. Function and mechanism of zinc. J Nutr 2000;130:1437-46.
  • 19-Bhutta ZA, Black RE and Brown KH. Prevention and diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: Pooled analysis of randomized controlled studies. J Pe-diat1999;135:689-97.
  • 20-Astiazaran-Garcia H, Inigo-Figueroa G, Quihui-Costa L and Anduro-Corona I. Crosstalk between zinc status and Giar-dia infection: A New Approach. Nutrition 2015;7:4438-52.
  • 21-Bhatnagar S, Bahl R, Sharma PK, Kumar GT, Sarena SK and Bhan MK. Zinc with oral rehydration therapy reduce stool output and duration of diarrhea in hospitalized children: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediat Gastroenterol Nutrit 2004;38:34-40.
  • 22-Beaver PC, Jung RC and Cupp EW. Clinical Parasitology. 9 th edit. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1984:114.
  • 23-Dunn OJ and Clark VA. Basic Statistics. A primer for Biomedical Sciences, 4th. edition. Hoboken New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.; 2009.
  • 24-Kumar A, Windle ML, Pharm D, Weisse M, Tolan RW and Steele R. Intestinal protozoal diseases. E med 2004;9:6.
  • 25-Karyaghdi TKN. Study the efficacy of some laboratory methods in diagnosis of intestinal parasite among infected peoples in Kirkuk city-lraq. MSc thesis, Kirkuk University College of Science; 2013.
  • 26-Salman YJ, Al-Taee AA and Abid AM. Role of employee of some biological stains in detecting Giardia lamblia among internal Iraqi displaced people in Kirkuk province. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2016;5:705-18.
  • 27-Salman YJ. Detection of Blastocystis ho-monis among peoples in Kirkuk province using ELISA and direct microscopy. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2015;4;686-95.
  • 28-AI-Sheikly SAAR. An epidemiological study and some aspects of pathological infection with Blastocystis hominis in Baghdad . MSc thesis, Al-Mustansirya University; 2002.
  • 29- Hameed MA. Prevalence of parasitic diseases and its effect on nutritional status of school children in Hawija district. A Diploma Dissertation, in Primary Health Care (DPHC), Tikrit University College of Medicine; 1998.
  • 30-AI-Janabi MA. Common health problems among primary school children in Sinn-yia district. A Diploma Dissertation, Tikrit University College of Medicine; 1992.
  • 31-Levy Y, George J and Shoenfeld Y Severe Blastocystis hominis in elderly man. J Infect 1996;33:57-9.
  • 32-Cheng HS, Guo YL and Shin JW Hematological effects of Blastocystis hominis infection in male foreign workers in Taiwan. Parasitol Res 2003;90:48-51.
  • 33-AI-Laham NA, El-Yazji MS, Al-Haddad RJ and Ridwan FN. Possible hematological changes associated with acute gastroenteritis among kindergartenchildren in Gaza. Ann. Med. Health Sci Res 2015;5(4):292-8.
  • 34-Bahijri SM. Serum zinc in and preschool children in the Jeddah area: Effect of diet and diarrhea in relation to growth. Annals of Saudi Medicine 2001 ;21: 324-9.
  • 35-Cruz JR, Bartlett AV, Mendez H and Sib-rian R. Epidemiology of persistent diarrhea among Guatemalan rural children. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1992;381:22-6.
  • 36-Kilic E, Saraymen R, Miman O, and Yazar S. Evaluation of serum copper level during Giardia intestinalis infection. Afr J Microbiol Res 2010;4:1013-15.
  • 37-Ertan P, Yereli K, Kurt O, Balcioglu IC and Onag A. Serological levels of zinc, copper and iron elements among Giardia lamblia infected children in Turkey. Pediat Int 2002;44:286-8.
  • 38-AI-Wahab SA, Mahdi NK, and Mahdi JK. Trace elements levels in patients with some different parasitic infections. J Bahrain Med Soc 2009;21:340-3.
  • 39-Nazir Z and Moazem F. Amebic liver abscess in children. Peditr Infect Dis J 1993;12:929-32.
  • 40-Melvin DM and Brooke MM (Eds). Laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. 3rd Edition. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Dept, of Health and Human Services publication; 1982. 41-Rahman MM, Vermund SH, Wahed MA, Fuchs GJ, Baqui AH and Alvarez JO. Simultaneous zinc and Vitamin A supplementation in Bangladeshi children randomised double blind controlled trial. BMJ 2001;323:314-8.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bebek ve Çocuk Sağlığı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mohammad Kadir

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Kasım 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kadir, M. (2016). Detection Of Blastocystis Hominis In Children With Diarrhea And The Effect Of Infection On Nutritional Status Of Them In Tikrit City- Iraq. Turkish Medical Journal, 8(3), 123-130.

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