Israel's Use of Force and Military Operations in Gaza
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 89 - 120, 30.06.2025
Fatih Tümlü
Öz
Israel, which has put forward an expansionist policy within the framework of its political ambitions since the first day of its establishment, does not hesitate to use its military power without recognizing any rules. In this context, the aim of this course is to analyze Israel's military operations in Gaza and to reveal the military approaches carried out. In the study, a detailed content analysis of the five military operations considered as comparative case studies was carried out and evaluation was made within the framework of the military tactics and strategies applied. As a result of the operations carried out by Israel, it is considered that the ongoing cycle of violence and conflicts in Gaza will not end soon, and peace will not prevail in the region. Considering that Israel has not been able to fully achieve its goals in all the operations it is evaluated that Israel will continue new operations both in Gaza and the region in the future.
Kaynakça
-
Abuamer, M. (2024). Gaza’s subterranean warfare: Palestinian resistance tunnels vs. Israel’s military strategy. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2024.2347843.
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Al Jazeera. (2023, October 9). Israel announces total blockade on Gaza. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/israel-announces-total-blockade-on-gaza/.
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Al Mezan Center for Human Rights. (2013). Statistical Report on: Persons Killed and Property Damaged in the Gaza Strip by the Israeli Occupation Forces during “Operation Pillar of Cloud” https://www.mezan.org/uploads/files/17207.pdf.
-
Amnesty International. (2009, July 2). Israel/Gaza: Operation ‘Cast Lead’- 22 days of death and destruction facts and figures. https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mde150212009eng.pdf/.
-
Ateş, D. (2011). Gazze ve Soykırım Tartışması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 609-634.
-
Bachner, M., Fabian, E. & Staff, T. (2023, October 8). Forces continue to battle terrorists in Gaza border area after devastating assault. https://www.timesofisrael.com/forces-continue-to-battle-terrorists-in-gaza-border-area-after-devastating-assault/
-
Balpınar, Z. (2018). The Analysis of Dahiya Doctrine in the Context of Israel’s further Security Claim. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Yıl:5, 5(2), 397-412.
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Barak, D. R. (2018, December 19). Is Israel winning the underground fight?, https://archive.smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/israel-winning-underground-fight
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Barnea, A. (2024) Israeli intelligence was caught off guard: The Hamas attack on 7 October 2023—A Preliminary Analysis. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. 37(3). 1056-1082, DOI: 10.1080/08850607.2024.2315546
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Byman, D. (2024). A war they both are losing: Israel, Hamas and the plight of Gaza. Survival. 66(3), 61-78, DOI: 10.1080/00396338.2024.2357484
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Catignani, S. (2009). Variation on a theme Israel’s Operation Cast Lead and the Gaza strip missile conundrum. Rusi Journal. 154(4), 66–73.
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Cleveland, W. L. (2008). Modern Ortadoğu Tarihi. M. Harmancı (Çev.). İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı Yayınları.
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Cohen, S. R. (2023, October 19). The Inevitable, ongoing failure of Israel's Gaza strategy. https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2023/10/the-inevitable-ongoing-failure-of-israels-gaza-strategy.html
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Cohen, R. & Scheinmann G. (2014, September 3). The grim lessons of “Protective Edge”. The Long War, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2014/08/31/the-grim-lessons-of-protective-edge/
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Cohen, S. R., Johnson D. E., Thaler D. E., Allen B., Bartels E. M., Cahill J. & Efron S. (2017). From cast lead to protective edge lessons from Israel's wars in Gaza. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
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Cordesman, A. H. (2009). The Gaza war, a strategic analysis. CSIS Center for Strategic & International Studies. Burke Chair in Strategy, https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/090202_gaza_war.pdf
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David, L. B. (2015). Gazan casualties: How many and who they were. In Goodman H. and Gold D. (Eds.), The Gaza War 2014: The War Israel Did Not Want and the Disaster It Avoided (pp.141-153). Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Jerusalem
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Edwards B. M. (2008). The Ascendance of Political Islam: Hamas and consolidation in the Gaza Strip. Third World Quarterly. 29(8), 1585-1599.
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Fabian, E. & Pacchiani, G. (2023, November 1). IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught. https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-estimates-3000- Hamas -terrorists-invaded-israel-in-oct-7-onslaught/.
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France24. (2021, May 20). 'Roof knocking': Israel warning system under scrutiny in Gaza conflict. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210520-roof-knocking-israel-warning-system-under-scrutiny-in-gaza-conflict
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İsrail’in Gazze’de Güç Kullanımı ve İcra Ettiği Askeri Operasyonlar
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 89 - 120, 30.06.2025
Fatih Tümlü
Öz
Kurulduğu ilk günden günümüze siyasi emelleri çerçevesinde yayılmacı bir politika ortaya koyan İsrail, Ortadoğu coğrafyasında ve özellikle de Gazze’de askeri gücünü hiçbir kural tanımadan kullanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda İsrail’in Gazze’de icra ettiği operasyonlar derinlemesine incelenerek askeri güç kullanma yaklaşımlarının ortaya koyulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada İsrail’in 2008’den günümüze kadar gerçekleştirmiş olduğu beş askeri operasyon karşılaştırmalı vaka analizi kapsamında incelenmiştir. İsrail’in icra ettiği operasyonlar sonunda Gazze’de devam eden şiddet sarmalı ve çatışmalar döngüsünün yakın bir zaman içerisinde sonlanmayacağı ve bölgede barışın hâkim olamayacağı görülmektedir. İsrail’in gerçekleştirdiği Gazze operasyonlarında hedeflerine tam olarak ulaşamadığı göz önüne alındığında ilerleyen dönem içerisinde İsrail’in gerek Gazze gerekse de bölge üzerinde yeni harekât ve operasyonlara devam edeceği değerlendirilmektedir.
Kaynakça
-
Abuamer, M. (2024). Gaza’s subterranean warfare: Palestinian resistance tunnels vs. Israel’s military strategy. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2024.2347843.
-
Agence France Presse. (2014, July 7). Jewish extremists held over Palestinian teen’s murder. https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/jewish-extremists-held-over-palestinian-teens-murder-584417/.
-
Al Jazeera. (2012, November 14). Hamas military chief killed in Israeli attack. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2012/11/14/ Hamas -military-chief-killed-in-israeli-attack/.
-
Al Jazeera. (2023, October 9). Israel announces total blockade on Gaza. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/israel-announces-total-blockade-on-gaza/.
-
Al Mezan Center for Human Rights. (2013). Statistical Report on: Persons Killed and Property Damaged in the Gaza Strip by the Israeli Occupation Forces during “Operation Pillar of Cloud” https://www.mezan.org/uploads/files/17207.pdf.
-
Amnesty International. (2009, July 2). Israel/Gaza: Operation ‘Cast Lead’- 22 days of death and destruction facts and figures. https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/mde150212009eng.pdf/.
-
Ateş, D. (2011). Gazze ve Soykırım Tartışması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 609-634.
-
Bachner, M., Fabian, E. & Staff, T. (2023, October 8). Forces continue to battle terrorists in Gaza border area after devastating assault. https://www.timesofisrael.com/forces-continue-to-battle-terrorists-in-gaza-border-area-after-devastating-assault/
-
Balpınar, Z. (2018). The Analysis of Dahiya Doctrine in the Context of Israel’s further Security Claim. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Yıl:5, 5(2), 397-412.
-
Barak, D. R. (2018, December 19). Is Israel winning the underground fight?, https://archive.smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/israel-winning-underground-fight
-
Barnea, A. (2024) Israeli intelligence was caught off guard: The Hamas attack on 7 October 2023—A Preliminary Analysis. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. 37(3). 1056-1082, DOI: 10.1080/08850607.2024.2315546
-
BBC. (2025, 19 Ocak). Haritalarla Yıkım: Gazze 15 ayda nasıl değişti? https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/crlkk91kwn5o
-
Breiner, J. (2023, October 7). National security minister declares state of national emergency across Israel as dozens killed, hundreds wounded. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-07/ty-article/premium/ben-gvir-declares-state-of-national-emergency-across-israel-as-22-killed-hundreds-wounded/0000018b-09ba-dae9-adcb-abbf4c0b0000.
-
Britannica. (2025, April 17). Gaza Strip. https://www.britannica.com/place/Gaza-Strip.
-
Byman, D. (2024). A war they both are losing: Israel, Hamas and the plight of Gaza. Survival. 66(3), 61-78, DOI: 10.1080/00396338.2024.2357484
-
Catignani, S. (2009). Variation on a theme Israel’s Operation Cast Lead and the Gaza strip missile conundrum. Rusi Journal. 154(4), 66–73.
-
Cleveland, W. L. (2008). Modern Ortadoğu Tarihi. M. Harmancı (Çev.). İstanbul: Agora Kitaplığı Yayınları.
-
Cohen, S. R. (2023, October 19). The Inevitable, ongoing failure of Israel's Gaza strategy. https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2023/10/the-inevitable-ongoing-failure-of-israels-gaza-strategy.html
-
Cohen, R. & Scheinmann G. (2014, September 3). The grim lessons of “Protective Edge”. The Long War, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2014/08/31/the-grim-lessons-of-protective-edge/
-
Cohen, S. R., Johnson D. E., Thaler D. E., Allen B., Bartels E. M., Cahill J. & Efron S. (2017). From cast lead to protective edge lessons from Israel's wars in Gaza. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
-
Cordesman, A. H. (2009). The Gaza war, a strategic analysis. CSIS Center for Strategic & International Studies. Burke Chair in Strategy, https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/090202_gaza_war.pdf
-
David, L. B. (2015). Gazan casualties: How many and who they were. In Goodman H. and Gold D. (Eds.), The Gaza War 2014: The War Israel Did Not Want and the Disaster It Avoided (pp.141-153). Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Jerusalem
-
Edwards B. M. (2008). The Ascendance of Political Islam: Hamas and consolidation in the Gaza Strip. Third World Quarterly. 29(8), 1585-1599.
-
Elran, M., Padan C., Shenhar G. & Sofer H., (2021, June 2). Operation Guardian of the Walls: Lessons for the civilian front. INSS. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/guardian-of-the-walls-israeli-public/
-
Fabian, E. & Pacchiani, G. (2023, November 1). IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught. https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-estimates-3000- Hamas -terrorists-invaded-israel-in-oct-7-onslaught/.
-
France24. (2021, May 20). 'Roof knocking': Israel warning system under scrutiny in Gaza conflict. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210520-roof-knocking-israel-warning-system-under-scrutiny-in-gaza-conflict
-
Ganor, B. (2021, May 13). New round for Israel, Hamas -how it happened, how will it end? https://www.jpost.com/opinion/new-round-for-israel-Hamas-how-it-happened-how-will-it-end-opinion-668130
-
Giora, E. (2009). Operation Cast Lead: Civil-military process and results of the campaign. Strategic Assessment, 11(4), 7-12.
-
Global Security. (2012). Operation Pillar of Defense. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/operation-pillar-of-defense.htm/
-
Global Security. (2014). Operation Protective Edge, week 1, 7-13 July 2014. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/operation-protective-edge-1.htm
-
Global Security. (2021). 2021 Gaza conflict, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/gaza-2021.htm
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