Effects of Teaching Collocations on Academic Writing

Abstract

Lexical knowledge is an essential part of gaining proficiency in a second language. Encouraging learners of second language to use different multi-word combinations and collocations is thought to extend their knowledge in language studies. In the field of ELT environment, a growing number of researchers suppose that after outlining a reasonable vocabulary learning goals, educators should underline the importance of teaching lexical collocations reasonably. In countries where English is taught as a second language, learners should be promoted to gather lexical knowledge and achieve four English skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking). From beginning to advanced level, high-frequent collocations can be found mostly in speech and writing. In this study, Turkish EFL learners’ lexical collocations knowledge and usage are analysed in the reading and writing skills. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that teaching lexical and academic collocations provide learners to acquire language effectively and be more fluent in it prominently.

Keywords

• Collocations,academic collocations,lexical knowledge,vocabulary teaching

Kaynakça

1. Akıncı, M. (2009). Effectiveness of corpus consultancy in teaching Verb+Noun collocations to first-year EST student. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Boğaziçi University. İstanbul.
2. Al-Zahrani, M.S., (1998). Knowledge of english lexical collocations among male saudi college students majoring in english at a saudi university. Ph.D. UMI, Ann Arbor, MI.
3. Barfield, A., & Gyllstad, H. (2009). Introduction: Researching L2 collocation knowledge and development. In Researching collocations in another language (pp. 1-18). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
4. Cruse, D. A. (1986). Lexical semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. Durrant, P., & Schmitt, N. (2009). To what extent do native and non-native writers make use of collocations? IRAL-International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 47(2), 157-177.
6. Fan, M. (2009). An exploratory study of collocational use by ESL students–A task based approach. System, 37(1), 110-123.
7. Farghal, M. & Obiedat, H. (1995). Collocation: A Neglected Variable in EFL. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 33,315-317.
8. Fernández, B. G., & Schmitt, N. (2015). How much collocation knowledge do L2 learners have?. ITL-International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 166(1), 94-126.

9. Firth, J.R., (1957). Papers in linguistics 1934–1951. Oxford University Press, London.
10. Gençer, B. (2004). Raising EFL learners’ awareness of verb+noun collocations through chunking to extend their collocational knowledge of familiar nouns. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Anadolu University, Eskişehir.
11. Gitsaki, C. (1999). Teaching English collocations to ESL students. NUCB journal of language culture and communication, 1(3), 27-34.Granger, 1998. Halliday, M.A.K., (1966). Lexis as a linguistic level. In: Bazell, C.E., Catford, J.C., Halliday, M.A.K., Robins, R.H. (Eds.), In Memory of J.R. Firth, pp. 148–162.
12. Halliday, M.A.K., McIntosh, A., Strevens, P., (1964). The linguistic sciences and language teaching. Longman, London.
13. Hornby, A.S. (2000). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, OUP, Oxford.
14. Howarth, P. (1998). Phraseology and second language proficiency. Applied linguistics, 19(1), 24-44.
15. Hunston, S., & Francis, G. (2000). Pattern Grammar: a corpus-driven approach to the lexical grammar of English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
16. Kennedy, G. (2003). Amplifier collocations in the British National Corpus: Implications for English language teaching. Tesol Quarterly, 37(3), 467-487.
17. Laufer, B., & Waldman, T. (2011). Verb‐noun collocations in second language writing: A corpus analysis of learners’ English. Language Learning, 61(2), 647-672.
18. Lehrer, A., (1974). Semantic fields and lexical structure. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
19. Lewis, M. (2000). Materials and resources for teaching collocation. Teaching collocation: Further development in the lexical approach, 186-204.
20. Martinez, R. & V. Murphy. (2011). Effect of frequency and idiomaticity in second language reading comprehension. TESOL Quarterly. 45, 267-290.
21. McCarthy, M., & O'Dell, F. (2006). English collocations in use: How words work together for fluent and natural English; self-study and classroom use. Ernst Klett Sprachen.
22. McCarthy, M., O'Keeffe, A., & Walsh, S. (2010). Vocabulary matrix: Understanding, learning, teaching. Andover, UK: Heinle Cengage Learning.
23. Mutlu, G., & Kaşlıoğlu, Ö. (2016). Turkish EFL Teachers’ and Learners’ Perceptions of Collocations. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6/3, pp. 81-99.
24. Nation, I. S. P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Palmer, H. E.(1933). Second interim report on English collocations. Tokyo: Kaitakusha. Peters, 2012.
26. Sinclair, J.M., (1966). Beginning the study of lexis. In: Bazell, C.E., Catford, J.C., Halliday, M.A.K., Robins, R.H. (Eds.), In Memory of J.R. Firth, pp. 410–430.
27. Sinclair, J. M. (1987). Collocation: a progress report. In R. Steele & T. Threadgold (Eds.), Language topics: Essays in honour of Michael Halliday (Vol. 2, pp. 319-331). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
28. Sinclair, J. M. (1991). Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29. Siyanova, A., & Schmitt, N. (2008). L2 learner production and processing of collocation: A multi-study perspective. Canadian Modern Language Review, 64(3), 429-458.
30. Tekingül, B. (2013). Collocation teaching effect on reading comprehension in advanced EFL setting. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1078-1089.
31. Wray, A., (2002). Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
32. Zaabalawi, R. S., & Gould, A. M. (2017). English collocations: A novel approach to teaching the language's last bastion. Ampersand, 4, 21-29.
33. https://pearsonpte.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/AcademicCollocationList.pdf