Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2023, , 617 - 623, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.1324081

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Boudreau, P., Mackenzie, S. H., & Hodge, K. (2020). Flow states in adventure recreation: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 46, 101611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101611.
  • Beery, T., Olsson, M. R., & Vitestam, M. (2021). COVID-19 and outdoor recreation management: Increased participation, connection to nature, and a look to climate adaptation. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 36, 100457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100457.
  • Brewer, G., Carter, G. L., Lyons, M., & Green, J. (2018). Sensation-seeking in women does not affect their preference for dark triad male faces. Personality and Individual Differences, 130, 92-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.051.
  • Buckley, R. (2006). Adventure tourism research: a guide to the literature. Tourism Recreation Research, 31(2), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2006.11081265.
  • Burns, R., Carter, M. W., Brock, J., Leveque, J., Bunse, E., Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., & Marketti, M. (2019). The Appalachian Geo-STEM Camp: Learning about geology through experiential adventure recreation. Professional Geologist, 56, 27-31.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, E., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Demirel, F., & Karadeniz, Ş. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Pegem A Yayınları.
  • Demirel, M. (2009). Rekreayonel etkinliklere katılım ve çevresel duyarlılık. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi.
  • Ekinci, E., Yenel, F., & Sarol, H. (2012). Doğa yürüyüşlerine katılım motivasyon ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. I. Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Kongresi, 222-228.
  • Ewert, A., Gilbertson, K., Luo, Y. C., & Voight, A. (2013). Beyond “because it's there” motivations for pursuing adventure recreational activities. Journal of leisure research, 45(1), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2013-v45-i1-2944.
  • Ewert, A., Zwart, R., & Davidson, C. (2020). Underlying motives for selected adventure recreation activities: The case for eudaimonics and hedonics. Behavioral Sciences, 10(12), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10120185.
  • Ewert, A. (1985). Why people climb: The relationship of participant motives and experience level to mountaineering, Journal of Leisure Research, 17(3), 241-250, https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1985.11969634.
  • Fornell, C., & Lacker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002224378101800104.
  • Fry, J. (2006). The story of modern skiing. UPNE.
  • Galloway, S. (2006). Adventure recreation reconceived: Positive forms of deviant leisure. Leisure/Loisir, 30(1), 219-231 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2006.9651349.
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM). Sage
  • Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of applied testing technology, 1(1), 1-13.
  • Hatcher, L. A. (1994). Step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
  • Hickman, M., Stokes, P., Beard, C., & Inkster, A. (2017). Doing the plastic fantastic:‘artificial’adventure and older adult climbers. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 1-11 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2017.1308874.
  • Holland, W. H., Powell, R. B., Thomsen, J. M., & Monz, C. A. (2018). A systematic review of the psychological, social, and educational outcomes associated with participation in wildland recreational activities. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2018-V10-I3-8382.
  • Houge Mackenzie, S., & Hodge, K. (2020). Adventure recreation and subjective well-being: A conceptual framework. Leisure Studies, 39(1), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1577478.
  • Hoyle, R. H., Stephenson, M. T., Palmgreen, P., Lorch, E. P., & Donohew, R. L. (2002). Reliability and validity of a brief measure of sensation seeking. Personality and individual differences, 32(3), 401-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00032-0.
  • Humberstone, B. (2000). The ‘outdoor industry’as social and educational phenomena: Gender and outdoor adventure/education. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 1(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670085200041.
  • Johnston, B. R., & Edwards, T. (1994). The commodification of mountaineering. Annals of tourism research, 21(3), 459-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90114-7.
  • Julsonnet, J. E. (1977). Outdoor recreation: A psychological need satisfier (Doctoral dissertation).
  • Keane, M., Eastman, J. K., & Iyer, R. (2020). Predicting adventure seeking of young adults: The role of risk, innovativeness and status consumption. Sport Management Review, 23(5), 952-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.12.009.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Publications
  • Lackey, N. Q., Tysor, D. A., McNay, G. D., Joyner, L., Baker, K. H., & Hodge, C. (2021). Mental health benefits of nature-based recreation: a systematic review. Annals of Leisure Research, 24(3), 379-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2019.1655459.
  • Lekies, K. S., Yost, G., & Rode, J. (2015). Urban youth ׳ s experiences of nature: Implications for outdoor adventure recreation. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 9, 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2015.03.002.
  • Leonard, A. M., Ewert, A. W., Lieberman-Raridon, K., Mitten, D., Rabinowitz, E., Deringer, S. A., & Anderson, I. (2022). Outdoor adventure and experiential education and COVID-19: What have we learned?. Journal of Experiential Education, 45(3), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538259211050762.
  • Mackenzie, S. H., & Goodnow, J. (2020). Adventure in the age of COVID-19: Embracing microadventures and locavism in a post-pandemic world. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1773984.
  • Maria Raya, J., Martínez-Garcia, E., & Celma, D. (2018). Economic and social yield of investing in hiking tourism: The case of Berguedà, Spain. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(2), 148-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1350252.
  • McCormack, F. (2003). Adventure as an intervention for young people at risk of offending: The construction of a framework to enhance the theoretical underpinning for claimed outcomes. In Whose journeys? The outdoors and adventure as social and cultural phenomena, 161-72, Barrow-in-Furness: Fingerprints.
  • Priest, S., & Baillie, R. (1987). Justifying the risk to others: The real razor's edge. Journal of Experiential Education, 10(1), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F105382598701000104.
  • Próchniak, P. (2017). Adventure behavior seeking scale. Behavioral Sciences, 7(2), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7020035.
  • Próchniak, P., & Próchniak, A. (2023). Adventure recreation in blue spaces and the wellbeing of young Polish adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4472.
  • Spennemann, D. H., & Whitsed, R. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the Australian outdoor recreation industry from the perspective of practitioners. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 100445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100445.
  • Stavi, I., & Yizhaq, H. (2020). Applying Geomorphic Principles in the Design of Mountain Biking Singletracks: Conceptual Analysis and Mathematical Modeling. Land, 9(11), 442. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9110442.
  • Tsaur, S. H., Lin, W. R., & Cheng, T. M. (2015). Toward a structural model of challenge experience in adventure recreation. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(3), 322-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2015.11950363.
  • Wall, E. (2021). Cable wakeboarding for the first time: How young people make sense of risk in adventure recreation. YOUng, 29(3), 305-320. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1103308820945099.
  • West, S. T., & Crompton, J. L. (2001). A Review of the Impact of Adventure Programs on At-Risk Youth. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 19(2), 113-140.
  • Wu, C. C., Li, C. W., & Wang, W. C. (2021). Low-impact hiking in natural areas: A study of nature park hikers' negative impacts and on-site leave-no-trace educational program in Taiwan. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 87, 106544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106544.
  • Zeng, X., Liu, R., & Gong, H. (2018). Motivations of adventure recreation in an emerging market: scale development and an empirical study on mainland Chinese enthusiasts. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(6), 600-612. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1469522.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

TURKISH ADAPTATION OF ADVENTURE BEHAVIOR SEEKING SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY

Yıl 2023, , 617 - 623, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.1324081

Öz

In the current study, the aim is to test the validity and reliability of “Adventure Behavior Seeking Scale (T-ABSS)” developed to evaluate the adventure behaviors of individuals in the natural spaces in the Turkish population.
The psychometrics of the scale was tested with the participation of 239 males (Meanage = 27.53 ± 7.90) and 126 females (Meanage = 24.52 ± 6.17) in total 365 individuals who participate in the activities in nature. As the data collecting tool, “Adventure Behavior Seeking Scale” developed by Próchniak (2017) consisting of 8 items and one factor was used. To test convergent validity of T-ABSS, “Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS)” was used. The main assumptions of parametric tests which are normality, linearity and homogeneity of variances were tested. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to test the structural validity of the scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to validate the emerged factor structure. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis was conducted for the convergent validity. To test the reliability of T-ABSS, Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was used.
EFA results show that the Turkish form of the scale consists of 2 factors and 7 items, and they predict 58.76% of total variance. Since one of the items’ factor load was under 0.30, it was excluded from the study. CFA results carried out to test the two-factor structure of scale revealed the model fit indices are between acceptable and perfect indices limits with “χ2/df= 3.10, GFI= 0.97, AGFI=0.94, CFI=0.95, NFI=0.93, SRMR=0.05, RMSEA=0.076”. It was found that the factor loads of the scale are between 0.57 and 0.75, and their Cronbach Alpha coefficients are between 0.70 and 0.71. As a result of the analysis to determine the convergent validity, it was found there is statistically positive correlation between “Sensation Seeking Scale” and T-ABSS. The obtained values indicate the convergent validity of T-ABSS is acceptable.
The obtained results indicate that the Turkish version of ABSS (T-ABSS) has a two-factor structure, and it is a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate adventure behavior seeking levels of participants.

Kaynakça

  • Boudreau, P., Mackenzie, S. H., & Hodge, K. (2020). Flow states in adventure recreation: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 46, 101611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101611.
  • Beery, T., Olsson, M. R., & Vitestam, M. (2021). COVID-19 and outdoor recreation management: Increased participation, connection to nature, and a look to climate adaptation. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 36, 100457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100457.
  • Brewer, G., Carter, G. L., Lyons, M., & Green, J. (2018). Sensation-seeking in women does not affect their preference for dark triad male faces. Personality and Individual Differences, 130, 92-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.051.
  • Buckley, R. (2006). Adventure tourism research: a guide to the literature. Tourism Recreation Research, 31(2), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2006.11081265.
  • Burns, R., Carter, M. W., Brock, J., Leveque, J., Bunse, E., Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., & Marketti, M. (2019). The Appalachian Geo-STEM Camp: Learning about geology through experiential adventure recreation. Professional Geologist, 56, 27-31.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, E., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Demirel, F., & Karadeniz, Ş. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Pegem A Yayınları.
  • Demirel, M. (2009). Rekreayonel etkinliklere katılım ve çevresel duyarlılık. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi.
  • Ekinci, E., Yenel, F., & Sarol, H. (2012). Doğa yürüyüşlerine katılım motivasyon ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. I. Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Kongresi, 222-228.
  • Ewert, A., Gilbertson, K., Luo, Y. C., & Voight, A. (2013). Beyond “because it's there” motivations for pursuing adventure recreational activities. Journal of leisure research, 45(1), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2013-v45-i1-2944.
  • Ewert, A., Zwart, R., & Davidson, C. (2020). Underlying motives for selected adventure recreation activities: The case for eudaimonics and hedonics. Behavioral Sciences, 10(12), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10120185.
  • Ewert, A. (1985). Why people climb: The relationship of participant motives and experience level to mountaineering, Journal of Leisure Research, 17(3), 241-250, https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1985.11969634.
  • Fornell, C., & Lacker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002224378101800104.
  • Fry, J. (2006). The story of modern skiing. UPNE.
  • Galloway, S. (2006). Adventure recreation reconceived: Positive forms of deviant leisure. Leisure/Loisir, 30(1), 219-231 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2006.9651349.
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM). Sage
  • Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of applied testing technology, 1(1), 1-13.
  • Hatcher, L. A. (1994). Step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
  • Hickman, M., Stokes, P., Beard, C., & Inkster, A. (2017). Doing the plastic fantastic:‘artificial’adventure and older adult climbers. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 1-11 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2017.1308874.
  • Holland, W. H., Powell, R. B., Thomsen, J. M., & Monz, C. A. (2018). A systematic review of the psychological, social, and educational outcomes associated with participation in wildland recreational activities. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2018-V10-I3-8382.
  • Houge Mackenzie, S., & Hodge, K. (2020). Adventure recreation and subjective well-being: A conceptual framework. Leisure Studies, 39(1), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1577478.
  • Hoyle, R. H., Stephenson, M. T., Palmgreen, P., Lorch, E. P., & Donohew, R. L. (2002). Reliability and validity of a brief measure of sensation seeking. Personality and individual differences, 32(3), 401-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00032-0.
  • Humberstone, B. (2000). The ‘outdoor industry’as social and educational phenomena: Gender and outdoor adventure/education. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 1(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729670085200041.
  • Johnston, B. R., & Edwards, T. (1994). The commodification of mountaineering. Annals of tourism research, 21(3), 459-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90114-7.
  • Julsonnet, J. E. (1977). Outdoor recreation: A psychological need satisfier (Doctoral dissertation).
  • Keane, M., Eastman, J. K., & Iyer, R. (2020). Predicting adventure seeking of young adults: The role of risk, innovativeness and status consumption. Sport Management Review, 23(5), 952-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.12.009.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Publications
  • Lackey, N. Q., Tysor, D. A., McNay, G. D., Joyner, L., Baker, K. H., & Hodge, C. (2021). Mental health benefits of nature-based recreation: a systematic review. Annals of Leisure Research, 24(3), 379-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2019.1655459.
  • Lekies, K. S., Yost, G., & Rode, J. (2015). Urban youth ׳ s experiences of nature: Implications for outdoor adventure recreation. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 9, 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2015.03.002.
  • Leonard, A. M., Ewert, A. W., Lieberman-Raridon, K., Mitten, D., Rabinowitz, E., Deringer, S. A., & Anderson, I. (2022). Outdoor adventure and experiential education and COVID-19: What have we learned?. Journal of Experiential Education, 45(3), 233-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538259211050762.
  • Mackenzie, S. H., & Goodnow, J. (2020). Adventure in the age of COVID-19: Embracing microadventures and locavism in a post-pandemic world. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1773984.
  • Maria Raya, J., Martínez-Garcia, E., & Celma, D. (2018). Economic and social yield of investing in hiking tourism: The case of Berguedà, Spain. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(2), 148-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1350252.
  • McCormack, F. (2003). Adventure as an intervention for young people at risk of offending: The construction of a framework to enhance the theoretical underpinning for claimed outcomes. In Whose journeys? The outdoors and adventure as social and cultural phenomena, 161-72, Barrow-in-Furness: Fingerprints.
  • Priest, S., & Baillie, R. (1987). Justifying the risk to others: The real razor's edge. Journal of Experiential Education, 10(1), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F105382598701000104.
  • Próchniak, P. (2017). Adventure behavior seeking scale. Behavioral Sciences, 7(2), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7020035.
  • Próchniak, P., & Próchniak, A. (2023). Adventure recreation in blue spaces and the wellbeing of young Polish adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4472.
  • Spennemann, D. H., & Whitsed, R. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the Australian outdoor recreation industry from the perspective of practitioners. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 100445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100445.
  • Stavi, I., & Yizhaq, H. (2020). Applying Geomorphic Principles in the Design of Mountain Biking Singletracks: Conceptual Analysis and Mathematical Modeling. Land, 9(11), 442. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9110442.
  • Tsaur, S. H., Lin, W. R., & Cheng, T. M. (2015). Toward a structural model of challenge experience in adventure recreation. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(3), 322-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2015.11950363.
  • Wall, E. (2021). Cable wakeboarding for the first time: How young people make sense of risk in adventure recreation. YOUng, 29(3), 305-320. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1103308820945099.
  • West, S. T., & Crompton, J. L. (2001). A Review of the Impact of Adventure Programs on At-Risk Youth. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 19(2), 113-140.
  • Wu, C. C., Li, C. W., & Wang, W. C. (2021). Low-impact hiking in natural areas: A study of nature park hikers' negative impacts and on-site leave-no-trace educational program in Taiwan. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 87, 106544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106544.
  • Zeng, X., Liu, R., & Gong, H. (2018). Motivations of adventure recreation in an emerging market: scale development and an empirical study on mainland Chinese enthusiasts. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(6), 600-612. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1469522.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor ve Rekreasyon
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Hamdi Alper Güngörmüş 0000-0003-4663-3869

Elvan Deniz Yumuk 0000-0002-8531-9509

Bülent Gürbüz 0000-0003-2424-2111

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Güngörmüş HA, Yumuk ED, Gürbüz B. TURKISH ADAPTATION OF ADVENTURE BEHAVIOR SEEKING SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY. TOJRAS. 2023;12(4):617-23.