Kişiliği Psikofizyolojik Tepkilerle İlişkilendirme: Akademik Sınavlarda Deneysel Bir Yaklaşım

Öz

Bu çalışma, akademik bir sınav sırasında vicdanlılık, narsisizm ve deri iletkenlik düzeyi (SCL) ile ölçülen psikofizyolojik tepkiler arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmıştır. Ortalama yaşı 21 olan (SD = 2,1) otuz spor bilimleri öğrencisi (14 kadın) katılmıştır. Deney, dört ardışık dört dakikalık aşamadan oluşmuştur: temel durum, beklenti, meydan okuma ve toparlanma. Temel durumda, katılımcılar kişilik değerlendirmelerini tamamlamış ve SCL'leri kaydedilmiştir. Beklenti aşamasında, spor tarihi üzerine 750 kelimelik bir makale okumuşlardır. Meydan okuma aşaması, makaleye dayalı 15 soruluk bir testten oluşmuş ve hem beklenti hem de meydan okuma sırasında SCL sürekli olarak kaydedilmiştir. Toparlanma aşamasında, sınavdan sonra SCL ölçülmüştür. Vicdanlılık ve narsisizmin SCL puanlarındaki varyasyonu tahmin edip etmediğini belirlemek için korelasyon ve doğrusal regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, bu özelliklerin sınav sırasında ve sonrasında meydana gelen değişikliklerin önemli bir bölümünü açıkladığını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Öz denetim
• akademik sınav
• narsizim.

Linking Personality to Psychophysiological Responses: An Experimental Approach in Academic Examinations

Öz

This study investigated the relationships among conscientiousness, narcissism, and psychophysiological responses, measured by skin conductance level (SCL), during an academic examination. Thirty sports science students (14 females), with a mean age of 21 years (SD = 2.1), participated. The experiment included four consecutive four-minute phases: baseline, anticipation, challenge, and recovery. During baseline, participants completed personality assessments, and their SCL was recorded. In anticipation, they read a 750-word essay on sports history. The challenge phase consisted of a 15-question test based on the essay, with SCL continuously recorded during both anticipation and challenge. In recovery, SCL was measured after the exam. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to determine whether conscientiousness and narcissism predicted variation in SCL scores. Results indicated that these traits accounted for a significant proportion of changes during and after the examination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Conscientiousness
• academic examination
• narcissism.

Kaynakça

1. Bartley, C. E., & Roesch, S. C. (2011). Coping with daily stress: The role of conscientiousness. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(1), 79–83.
2. Binboga, E., Guven, S., Çatikkaş, F., Bayazit, O., & Tok, S. (2012). Psychophysiological responses to competition and the big five personality traits. Journal of Human Kinetics, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0057-x
3. Bipp, T., Kleingeld, A., & Snijders, C. (2020). Aberrant personality tendencies and academic success throughout engineering education. Journal of Personality, 88(2), 201–216.
4. Boucsein, W. (2012). Electrodermal activity. Springer Science & Business Media.
5. Brouwer, A.-M., Van Schaik, M. G., Korteling, J. E., van Erp, J. B. F., & Toet, A. (2014). Neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness and stress: physiological correlates. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 6(2), 109–117.
6. Chamorro‐Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2004). A possible model for understanding the personality‐intelligence interface. British Journal of Psychology, 95(2), 249–264.
7. Conrad, N., & Patry, M. W. (2012). Conscientiousness and academic performance: a mediational analysis. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 6(1), n1.
8. Costa Jr, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(6), 653–665.

9. Critchley, H., & Nagai, Y. (2013). Electrodermal activity (EDA). In J. R. (Eds. ) Gellman, M. D., & Turner (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine (pp. 1303–1304). Springer.
10. Fredrikson, M., Furmark, T., Olsson, M. T., Fischer, H., Andersson, J., & Långström, B. (1998). Functional neuroanatomical correlates of electrodermal activity: a positron emission tomographic study. Psychophysiology, 35(2), 179–185.
11. Gartland, N., O’Connor, D. B., Lawton, R., & Ferguson, E. (2014). Investigating the effects of conscientiousness on daily stress, affect and physical symptom processes: A daily diary study. British Journal of Health Psychology, 19(2), 311–328.
12. Hidalgo-Muñoz, A. R., Mouratille, D., El-Yagoubi, R., Rouillard, Y., Matton, N., & Causse, M. (2021). Conscientiousness in pilots correlates with electrodermal stability: Study on simulated flights under social stress. Safety, 7(2), 49.
13. Jauk, E., Benedek, M., Koschutnig, K., Kedia, G., & Neubauer, A. C. (2017). Self-viewing is associated with negative affect rather than reward in highly narcissistic men: an fMRI study. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–8.
14. Javaras, K. N., Schaefer, S. M., Van Reekum, C. M., Lapate, R. C., Greischar, L. L., Bachhuber, D. R., Love, G. D., Ryff, C. D., & Davidson, R. J. (2012a). Conscientiousness predicts greater recovery from negative emotion. Emotion, 12(5), 875.
15. Jensen-Campbell, L. A., Knack, J. M., Waldrip, A. M., & Campbell, S. D. (2007). Do big five personality traits associated with self-control influence the regulation of anger and aggression? Journal of Research in Personality, 41(2), 403–424.
16. Kelsey, R. M., Ornduff, S. R., McCann, C. M., & Reiff, S. (2001). Psychophysiological characteristics of narcissism during active and passive coping. Psychophysiology, 38(2), 292–303.
17. Kernis, M. H., & Sun, C.-R. (1994). Narcissism and reactions to interpersonal feedback. Journal of Research in Personality, 28(1), 4–13.
18. King, A. R. (2000). Relationships between CATI personality disorder variables and measures of academic performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(1), 177–190.
19. Kok-Hwee, C., & Meng-Kiat, Tan. (2024). Neural Correlates of the Big Five Personality Traits: Understanding the Brain Basis of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. The Asian Educational Therapist, 2(3), 53–73.
20. Luria, A. R., & Homskaya, E. D. (1970). Frontal lobes and the regulation of arousal processes. In D. Mostofsky (Ed.), Attention: Contemporary theory and analysis. Appelton.
21. Miller, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Comparing clinical and social‐personality conceptualizations of narcissism. Journal of Personality, 76(3), 449–476.
22. Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 177–196.
23. Murphy, M. L. M., Miller, G. E., & Wrosch, C. (2013). Conscientiousness and stress exposure and reactivity: A prospective study of adolescent females. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 36(2), 153–164.
24. Rahafar, A., Maghsudloo, M., Farhangnia, S., Vollmer, C., & Randler, C. (2016). The role of chronotype, gender, test anxiety, and conscientiousness in academic achievement of high school students. Chronobiology International, 33(1), 1–9.
25. Reinhard, D. A., Konrath, S. H., Lopez, W. D., & Cameron, H. G. (2012). Expensive egos: narcissistic males have higher cortisol. PloS One, 7(1), e30858.
26. Stough, C., Donaldson, C., Scarlata, B., & Ciorciari, J. (2001). Psychophysiological correlates of the NEO PI-R openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness: preliminary results. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 41(1), 87–91.
27. Turnipseed, D. L., & Cohen, S. R. (2015). Academic entitlement and socially aversive personalities: Does the Dark Triad predict academic entitlement? Personality and Individual Differences, 82, 72–75.
28. Vedel, A. (2014). The Big Five and tertiary academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 71, 66–76.
29. Westen, D. (1990). The Relations Among Narcissism, Egocentrism, Self-Concept, and Self-Esteem: Experimental, Clinical, and Theoretical Considerations. Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought, 13(2), 183–239.