Effects Of Environmental Session Conditions On Acute Mood Profiles In Freediving Athletes

Öz

The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of different environmental session conditions (control, water, and land) on the mood profiles of freediving athletes. A total of 25 athletes (16 males, 9 females) with a mean age of 20.04 (SD = 2.47), mean height of 169.8 cm (SD = 8.80), and mean body weight of 64.5 kg (SD = 11.35) participated in the study. The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) was administered to the participants in three different sessions (control, water, and land). In the present study, four mood items were assessed: Energetic, Confused, Anxious, and Worried. Differences among the three session conditions were analysed using the non-parametric Friedman test, followed by Bonferroni-corrected Conover post-hoc comparisons, with Kendall’s W as the effect-size estimate. Environmental session conditions significantly affected all four mood items. Energetic scores were significantly lower in the land condition than in both the control and water conditions [χ²(2) = 10.69; p = 0.005], with the highest level observed in the water condition. The negative mood items were highest in the control condition: confused and anxious scores were significantly lower in the land condition than in the control condition, and worry scores were significantly lower in the water and land conditions than in the control condition. The effect sizes ranged from small to medium (Kendall’s W = 0.16–0.24). Sex comparisons (Mann–Whitney U) revealed two significant differences, both in the control condition: male athletes scored higher on the energetic item and female athletes scored higher on the worry item, with no significant differences in the water or land conditions or in the other items. These findings suggest that different training environments may produce divergent psychological effects on the mood states of freediving athletes. The results are considered to provide important contributions to the field of sport psychology in the areas of mood regulation, the psychological effects of training environments, and performance optimization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Freediving
• Mood states
• Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS)
• Training environment
• Acute psychological response.

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Trakya University Faculty of Medicine Non-Interventional Scientific Research Ethics Committee. Decision No: 07/27, Protocol Code: TUTF-GOBAEK 2026/182 . The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Guideline for Good Clinical Practice

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the volunteer freediving athletes for their participation and the relevant centers for their support during the data collection process.

Serbest Dalış Sporcularında Çevresel Oturum Koşullarının Akut Duygu Durumu Profilleri Üzerindeki Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, serbest dalış sporcularının farklı ortamlarda (kontrol, su ve kara oturumları) sırasında uygulanan statik apne (nefes tutma) antrenmanının duygu durumu değişimlerini incelemektir. Araştırmaya yaş ortalaması 20,04 (SS = 2,47), boy ortalaması 169,8 cm (SS = 8,80) ve ağırlık ortalaması 64,5 kg (SS = 11,35) olan toplam 25 sporcu (16 erkek, 9 kadın) dâhil edilmiştir. Brunel Ruh Hali Ölçeği uygulanarak dört duygu durumu maddesi (Enerjik, Aklı karışık, Kaygılı, Tedirgin) üç oturumda değerlendirilmiştir. Üç oturum koşulu arasındaki farklar parametrik olmayan Friedman testiyle, anlamlı çıkan değişkenlerde Bonferroni düzeltmeli Conover post-hoc karşılaştırmalarıyla incelenmiş; etki büyüklüğü Kendall W katsayısıyla hesaplanmıştır. Çevresel oturum koşulları dört maddenin tamamını anlamlı biçimde etkilemiştir. Enerjik puanları kara oturumunda hem kontrol hem de su oturumlarına kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulunmuş [χ²(2) = 10,69; p = 0,005], en yüksek değer su oturumunda gözlenmiştir. Olumsuz duygu maddeleri en yüksek kontrol oturumunda saptanmış; aklı karışıklık ve kaygı puanları kara oturumunda kontrole göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük, tedirginlik puanları ise su ve kara oturumlarında kontrole göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük çıkmıştır. Etki büyüklükleri küçük–orta düzeydedir (Kendall W = 0,16–0,24). Cinsiyet karşılaştırmalarında (Mann–Whitney U) yalnızca kontrol oturumunda iki anlamlı fark bulunmuştur: erkek sporcuların enerjik puanları, kadın sporcuların ise tedirginlik puanları daha yüksek çıkmıştır; su ve kara oturumlarında ve diğer maddelerde anlamlı fark görülmemiştir. Bu bulgular, serbest dalış sporcularında farklı antrenman ortamlarının duygu durumu üzerinde farklılaşan psikolojik etkiler yaratabileceğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçların, spor psikolojisi alanında duygu durum düzenlenmesi, antrenman ortamlarının psikolojik etkileri ve performans optimizasyonu konularında önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Serbest dalış
• Duygu durumu
• Brunel Ruh Hali Ölçeği (BRUMS)
• Antrenman ortamı
• Akut psikolojik yanıt.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma, herhangi bir kamu, ticari veya kar amacı gütmeyen kuruluş tarafından özel bir hibe veya finansal destek almamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dekanlığı Girişimsel Olmayan Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır. , Karar No: 07/27, Protokol Kodu: TUTF-GOBAEK 2026/182 . Araştırma süreci Helsinki Bildirgesi ve İyi Klinik Uygulamalar Kılavuzu ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür.

Teşekkür

Çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan serbest dalış sporcularına ve veri toplama sürecinde desteklerini esirgemeyen ilgili merkezlere teşekkür ederiz.

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