The Effects of Lumbopelvic–Hip Complex Mobilization Exercises on Balance, Agility, and Vertical Jump Performance in Female Volleyball Players Aged 14–16 Years

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mobilization exercises applied to the lumbopelvic hip complex (LPHC) on physical performance parameters in female volleyball players aged 14–16 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 female athletes who regularly participated in volleyball training took part in the study. The athletes were divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=10) and a control group (n=10). In addition to their routine volleyball training, the experimental group performed mobilization exercises targeting the lumbopelvic hip complex for 10 weeks, while the control group continued only with their routine training. Vertical jump, Stork balance, Flamingo balance, Hexagon agility, T-Test agility, functional reach, and 20-m sprint tests were administered as pre-tests and post-tests. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0 software package. The normality of the data was assessed based on skewness and kurtosis values. Since the obtained values were within the range of ±2.0, the data were considered to be normally distributed. Accordingly, a paired-samples t-test was used for within-group comparisons, while an independent-samples t-test was used for between-group comparisons. Results: The results revealed statistically significant improvements in vertical jump, balance, agility, functional reach, and sprint performance in the experimental group (p<0.05; p<0.001). In the control group, limited and statistically non-significant changes were observed in the performance parameters. Conclusion: It was concluded that mobilization exercises applied to the lumbopelvic hip complex may be an effective complementary training method for supporting performance development in female volleyball players aged 14–16 years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lumbopelvic–hip complex (LPHC)
• mobilization exercises
• female volleyball players
• balance
• agility.

14–16 Yaş Kadın Voleybolcularda Lumbopelvik Kalça Kompleksi Mobilizasyon Egzersizlerinin Denge, Çeviklik ve Dikey Sıçrama Performansına Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 14–16 yaş grubu kadın voleybolcularda lumbopelvik kalça kompleksine (LPHC) uygulanan mobilizasyon egzersizlerinin fiziksel performans parametreleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya düzenli olarak voleybol antrenmanı yapan toplam 20 kadın sporcu katılmıştır. Sporcular deney (n=10) ve kontrol (n=10) grubu olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Deney grubuna rutin voleybol antrenmanlarına ek olarak 10 hafta boyunca lumbopelvik kalça kompleksine yönelik mobilizasyon egzersizleri uygulanırken, kontrol grubu yalnızca rutin antrenmanlarına devam etmiştir. Araştırmada dikey sıçrama, Stork denge, Flamingo denge, Hexagon çeviklik, T-Test çeviklik, fonksiyonel uzanma ve 20 m sürat testleri ön test ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0 paket programı kullanılarak yapılmış, verilerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu çarpıklık (skewness) ve basıklık (kurtosis) değerleri dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen değerlerin ±2,0 aralığında olması nedeniyle verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği kabul edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda grup içi karşılaştırmalarda eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-testi, gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda ise bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda deney grubunda dikey sıçrama, denge, çeviklik, fonksiyonel uzanma ve sürat performanslarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı gelişmeler tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05; p<0,001). Kontrol grubunda ise performans parametrelerinde sınırlı ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmayan değişimler gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Lumbopelvik kalça kompleksine uygulanan mobilizasyon egzersizlerinin, 14–16 yaş grubu kadın voleybolcularda performans gelişimini destekleyen etkili bir tamamlayıcı antrenman yöntemi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lumbopelvik kalça kompleksi
• mobilizasyon egzersizleri
• kadın voleybolcular
• denge
• çeviklik.

Kaynakça

1. Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Glaister, M., & Lockey, R. A. (2015). The validity and reliability of an iPhone app for measuring vertical jump performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(15), 1574–1579.
2. Baydemir, E., & Yurdakul, O. (2020). Measurement of sprint performance using photocell systems in adolescent athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(5), 512–520.
3. Behm, D. G., Blazevich, A. J., Kay, A. D., & McHugh, M. (2016). Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: A systematic review. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(1), 1–11.
4. Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2011). A review of the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(11), 2633–2651.
5. Behm, D. G., Muehlbauer, T., Kibele, A., & Granacher, U. (2015). Effects of strength training using unstable surfaces on strength, power and balance performance across the lifespan: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 45(12), 1645–1669.
6. Bogalho, D., Gomes, R., Mendes, R., Dias, G., & Castro, M. A. (2022). Impact of flexibility on vertical jump, balance and speed in amateur football players. Applied Sciences, 12(11), 5425.
7. Chaudhari, A. M., McKenzie, C. S., Pan, X., & Oñate, J. A. (2014). Lumbopelvic control and days missed because of injury in professional baseball pitchers. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(11), 2734–2740.
8. Cook, G., Burton, L., Hoogenboom, B. J., & Voight, M. (2014). Functional movement screening: The use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function-Part 1. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(3), 396–409.

9. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10. Duncan, P. W., Weiner, D. K., Chandler, J., & Studenski, S. (1990). Functional reach: A new clinical measure of balance. Journal of Gerontology, 45(6), M192–M197.
11. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160.
12. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics 26 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference (16th ed.). Routledge.
13. Hammami, R., Granacher, U., Makhlouf, I., Behm, D. G., & Chaouachi, A. (2016). Sequencing effects of balance and plyometric training on physical performance in youth soccer athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(12), 3278–3289.
14. Hibbs, A. E., Thompson, K. G., French, D., Wrigley, A., & Spears, I. (2008). Optimizing performance by improving core stability and core strength. Sports Medicine, 38(12), 995–1008.
15. Hopkins, W. G. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(1), 1–15.
16. James, L. P., Kelly, V. G., & Beckman, E. M. (2014). Injury risk management plan for volleyball athletes. Sports Medicine, 44(9), 1185–1195.
17. Johnson, B. L., & Nelson, J. K. (1986). Practical measurements for evaluation in physical education. Macmillan.
18. Jonsson, E., Henriksson, M., & Hirschfeld, H. (2003). Does the functional reach test reflect stability limits in elderly people? Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 35(1), 26–30.
19. Kahraman, M. Z., & Özkan, Z. (2023). The relationship between reactive strength index and agility in young male volleyball and basketball players. Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 100–112.
20. Kibler, W. B., Press, J., & Sciascia, A. (2006). The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Medicine, 36(3), 189–198.
21. Kiesel, K., Plisky, P. J., & Voight, M. L. (2007). Can serious injury in professional football be predicted by a preseason functional movement screen? North American journal of sports physical therapy: NAJSPT, 2(3), 147.
22. Kyselovičová, O., Zemková, E., Péliová, K., & Matejová, L. (2023). Isokinetic leg muscle strength relationship to dynamic balance reflects gymnast-specific differences in adolescent females. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 1084019.
23. Lesinski, M., Hortobágyi, T., Muehlbauer, T., Gollhofer, A., & Granacher, U. (2015). Effects of balance training on balance performance in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 45(12), 1721–1738.
24. Lockie, R. G., Murphy, A. J., Callaghan, S. J., & Jeffriess, M. D. (2014). Effects of sprint and plyometrics training on field sport acceleration technique. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(7), 1790–1801.
25. Mackenzie, B. (2005). Performance evaluation tests. Electric World Plc.
26. Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity. Human kinetics.
27. Marfell-Jones, M., Stewart, A., & de Ridder, J. (2012). International standards for anthropometric assessment. International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry.
28. McKeon, P. O., & Hertel, J. (2008). Systematic review of postural control and lateral ankle instability, part II: Is balance training clinically effective? Journal of Athletic Training, 43(3), 305–315.
29. Meylan, C., & Malatesta, D. (2009). Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2605–2613.
30. Milic, M., Grgantov, Z., & Katic, R. (2013). Impact of biomotor dimensions on player quality in young female volleyball players. Collegium Antropologicum, 37(1), 93–99.
31. Muehlbauer, T. (2021). Effects of balance training on static and dynamic balance performance in healthy children: Role of training duration and volume. BMC Research Notes, 14(1), 465.
32. Pauole, K., Madole, K., Garhammer, J., Lacourse, M., & Rozenek, R. (2000). Reliability and validity of the T-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(4), 443–450.
33. Ramachandran, A. K., Singh, U., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Clemente, F. M., Afonso, J., & Granacher, U. (2021). Effects of plyometric jump training on balance performance in healthy participants: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 730945.
34. Reiman, M. P., & Manske, R. C. (2009). Functional testing in human performance. Human Kinetics.
35. Sebesi, A. (2025). (Tezinizde kullandığınız kaynağın tam künyesi eklenmelidir.)
36. Semenick, D. (1990). Tests and measurements: The T-test. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal.
37. Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919–932.
38. Slimani, M., Chamari, K., Miarka, B., Del Vecchio, F. B., & Cheour, F. (2016). Effects of plyometric training on physical fitness in team sport athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Human Kinetics, 53, 231–247.
39. Subaşı, A., Gelen, E., & Kayatekin, B. M. (2025). Profesyonel kadın voleybolcularda kalça eklemi mobilizasyonunun dikey sıçrama mesafesine akut etkisi. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 14(4), 488–493.
40. Weiner, D. K., Duncan, P. W., Chandler, J., & Studenski, S. A. (1992). Functional reach: A marker of physical frailty. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40(3), 203–207.
41. Yaprak, Y., & Dellekoğlu, B. (2021). Evaluation of relationship between static and dynamic balance tests in young. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 15(2).
42. Zarei, H., Norasteh, A. A., Lieberman, L. J., Ertel, M. W., & Brian, A. (2023). Effects of proprioception and core stability training on gait parameters of deaf adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 21867.
43. Zazulak, B. T., Hewett, T. E., Reeves, N. P., Goldberg, B., & Cholewicki, J. (2007). Deficits in neuromuscular control and increased risk of knee injury in female athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(3), 437–443.