BLOOD PRESSURE IS THE KEY PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF HIKING PERFORMANCE IN LASER SAILORS

Öz

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the physiological basis of hiking performance, which is the determinant of performance in laser class sailors. Method: This research was conducted with 16 male athletes between the ages of 15-25 who actively attend laser class races held by Turkish Sailing Federation. The participants were classified as High Performance (HP) and Low Performance (LP) according to their race results and the number of attended international races (as a member of national team). Physical and anthropometric measurements, performance measurements (isometric muscle endurance test during hiking position in simulator) of these volunteers were obtained. During the simulator test, heart rate per minute, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were monitored and recorded as well. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences statistically among the groups. Result: Statistically significant differences were observed in the parameters of body mass index, isometric muscle endurance(time to exhaustion),diastolic blood pressure and heart rate during and after the test, and recovery heart rate in the FP and DP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study show that changes in the blood pressure parameters during the Hiking performance are an important indicator of performance. Monitoring blood pressure in the hiking position in competition-based training can contribute to the determination of the sailor's performance level and training needs. also shows that extensive researches with higher numbers of athletes are needed for future studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hiking Performance,
• Laser Sailing,
• Blood pressure
• time to exhaustion

Kaynakça

1. 1. Alpagut A. , Soyer O. , Laser ve Ötesi, İstanbul, 2011.
2. 2. Türkiye Yelken Federasyonu. www.tyf.org.tr.
3. 3.Aagaard, P. , vd. “Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Hiking Performance in Elite Sailors”. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, Ocak 2007;3: 138-44.
4. 4. . Blackburn M, 'Physiological responses to 90 min of simulated dinghy sailing', J Sports Sci 1994;12: 15–390.
5. 5. World Sailing. www.sailing.org. 2017.
6. 6. Bojsen-Moller, J 'Yatch type and crew-specific differences in antropometric, aerobic capacity, and muscle strength parameters among international olympic class sailors', Journal of sports sciences, 2007, Cilt 25.
7. 7. Cunningham, Peter, ve Tudor Hale. “Physiological Responses of Elite Laser Sailors to 30 Minutes of Simulated Upwind Sailing”. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2007;10: 1109-16.
8. 8. Castagna, O., ve J. Brisswalter. “Assessment of Energy Demand in Laser Sailing: Influences of Exercise Duration and Performance Level”. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2006; 2: 95-101.

9. 9. Harrison H, Bursztyn P, Coleman S, Hale T A comparison of heart rate, oxygen uptake relationship for cycle and dinghy ergometry. J Sports Sci 1988;6: 160–165.
10. 10. Larsson B, Beyer N, Bay P, Biond L, Aagaard P, Kjaer M, 'Exercise performance in elite male and female sailors', Int J Sports Med 1996;17: 504–508.
11. 11. De Vito G, Di Filippo L, Felici F, Gallozzi C, Madffari A, Marino S, Rodio A. 'Assessment of energetic cost in Laser and mistral sailors'. Int J Sport Cardiol 1995;5.
12. 12. Harrison H, Bursztyn P, Coleman S, Hale T. 'A comparison of heart rate, oxygen uptake relationship for cycle and dinghy ergometry'. J Sports Sci 1988;6: 140–165.
13. 13. Larsson B, Beyer N, Bay P, Biond L, Aagaard P, Kjaer M, 'Exercise performance in elite male and female sailors'. Int J Sports Med 1996;17: 460-508.
14. 14. Vogiatzis I, Spurway N, Wilson J ' On water oxygen uptake measurements during dinghy sailing'. J Sports Sci 1994;12: 153.
15. 15. Vogiatzis I, Spurway NC, Jennett S, Wilson J, Sinclair J. , 'Changes in ventilation related to changes in electromyograph activity during repetitive bouts of isometric exercise in simulated sailing'. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996; 72:195–203.
16. 16. Mackie HW, Legg SJ., ' Preliminary assessment of force demands in laser racing'. J Sci Med Sport 1999 ve 2:78–85.
17. 17. Tan, Benedict, vd. “Indicators of Maximal Trapez Performance in Laser Sailors”. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Eylül 2006;2: 169-76.
18. 18. Tan, Benedict, vd. “Indicators of Maximal Trapez Performance in Laser Sailors”. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Eylül 2006;2: 169-76.
19. 19. Bojsen-Moller, J. ‘Physical Requirements in Olympic Sailing’ European Journal of Sport Science, Nisans 2015;15: 220-27. . 20. Shephard RJ. 'The biology and medicine of sailing'. Sports Med 1990; 9: 86 – 99.
20. 21. Zorba E. 'Vücut Yapısı Ölçüm Yöntemleri ve şişmanlıkla Başa Çıkma', 1. Basım, Morpa Kültür Yayınları, istanbul 2005; 69-81, 105-131.
21. 22. Kamar A. 'Sporda Yetenek Beceri ve Performans Testleri'. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım; 2008.
22. 23. Acsm‟s Health-related physical fitness assessment manual. Lippincott Williams&Wilkins, 3 rd ed. Philadelphia, 2010.
23. 24. T. Jurimae A.P, Hills L.J, Micheli Body Composition Assessment in Children and Adolescents, Medicineand Sports Science, Basel Swıtzerland, 2001; 44: 70-83.
24. 25. Zorba E. 'Herkes için Spor ve Fiziksel Uygunluk', 1.Baskı GSGM Eğitim Dairesi Ankara 1999; 38-50,324-443.
25. 26. Inbar, O., Bar-Or, O., Skinner, J. S.' The wingate anaerobic test. Human Kinetics Books' Champaign, IL 1986.
26. 27. Adams, G. M. 'Exercise physiology, laboratory manual'. New York: McGraw-Hill 2002.
27. 28. ACSM’s 'Health-Related Physical Fitness Assessment Manual', 2010 American College of Sports Medicine.
28. 29. Astrand PO. 'Textbook of work physiology.' Human Kinetics. 2003.
29. 30. Kettaneh A, Heude B, Lommez A, Et Al. Reliability Of Bioimpedance Analysis Compared With Other Adiposity Measurements İn Children: The FLVS II Study. Diabetes Metab. 2005;31:534-541.
30. 31. Slater, Gary, ve Benedict Tan. “Body Mass Changes and Nutrient Intake of Dinghy Sailors While Racing”. Journal of Sports Sciences, 10, Ağustos 2007;25: 1129-35.
31. 32. Bourgois JG, Callewaert M, Celie B, De Clercq D, Boone 'Isometric quadriceps strength determines sailing performance and neuromuscular fatigue during an upwind sailing emulation', J Sports Sci,2016;34(10):973-9.
32. 33. Vangelakoudi, A. “Anaerobic Capacity, Isometric Endurance, and Laser Sailing Performance”. Journal of Sports Sciences, Ağustos 2007;25: 1095-100.
33. 34. Vaan Delden M, Bongers CCWG, Broekens D, Daanen HAM, Eijsvogels TMH, 'Thermoregulatory burden of elite sailing athletes during exercise in the heat: A pilot study',Temperature, 2018, 13;6(1):66-76.
34. 35. Callewaert M, Boone J, Celie B, De Clercq D, Bourgois JG. 'Indicators of sailing performance in youth dinghy sailing',Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15(3):213-9.