Examination of the Affect of the Quarantine During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Body Composition Values

Öz

Problem Statement: Staying and working at home due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, caused a lack of physical activity and lead people to be more inactive and incent to consume more unhealty food during the day comparing with pre-pandemic. Balanced nutrition and physical activity are important in terms of keeping body composition values at optimum and therefore staying healthy. Approach: Many factors exist that could affect body composition values, however, balanced nutrition and physical activity are foremost effective. These, in particular, affect the body's fat-muscle ratios and body mass index (BMI). Purpose: In the study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between body composition values and nutrition and physical activities of the three-month quarantine period due to the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic. For this purpose, body composition values of 16 subjects before and after the quarantine period were evaluated in terms of weight, body fat mass, total body water, mass out of fat, visceral fat, obesity, body mass index, muscle mass. Results: Nutrition and physical activity data of the subjects were determined by examining the questionnaire applied to the subjects. A significant correlation (p <0.05) was found between the obesity value and the subjects who consumed the same or less food during quarantine comparing with pre-pandemic. Moreover, it was observed that there were statistically significant decreases (p <0.05) in the weight, body fat mass, obesity and visceral fat values, and a remarkable decrease (p <0.001) in BMI value of the subjects who had to work during the quarantine. Conclusions: Hereby; it is seen that stable nutrition and work-life positively affect body composition values. It was determined that specifically, the working subjects ameliorate their body composition values, thus may have better health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Body Composition Values
• Covid-19
• Nutrition
• Physical Activity
• SARS-CoV-2
• Quarantine

Kaynakça

1. Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., Bouaziz, B., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M. & Müller, P. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients, 12(6), 1583.
2. Arslan, C., &Ceviz, D. (2007). Evhanimivecalisankadinlarinobeziteprevalansivesaglikliyasambicimidavranislarinindegerlendirilmesi. Fırat University Sag. Bil. Derg., 211-220.
3. Aykin, A. G. &Bilir, F. P. (2017). Evaluation of the relation between physical activity and quality of life in terms of the sustainable development Sample of Antalya and Osmaniye public education centers. NiğdeÜniversitesiBedenEğitimiveSporBilimleriDergisi, 11(3), 310–319
4. Bertrand, L., Shaw, K.A., Ko, J., Deprez, D., Chilibeck, P.D., &Zello, G.A. (2020). The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on university students’ dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. (Accepted Article).
5. Bhutani, S., Cooper, J. A. (2020). COVID‐19–Related Home Confinement in Adults: Weight Gain Risks and Opportunities. Obesity, 28(9), 1576-1577.
6. Blaszczyk-Bebenek, E., Jagielski, P., Boleslawska, I., Jagielska, A., Nitsch-Osuch, A., &Kawalec, P. (2020). Nutrition behaviors in Polish adults before and during covid-19 lockdown. Nutrients, 12(10), 3084.
7. Butler, M. J., & Barrientos, R. M. (2020). The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 87, 53-54.
8. Carter, S. J., Baranauskas, M. N., & Fly, A. D. (2020). Considerations for obesity, vitamin D, and physical activity amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Obesity, 28(7), 1176-1177.

9. Chastin, S. F. M., Ferriolli, E., Stephens, N. A., Fearon, K. C., &Greig, C. (2012). Relationship between sedentary behaviour, physical activity, muscle quality and body composition in healthy older adults. Age and ageing, 41(1), 111-114.
10. Chen, P., Mao, L., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B., & Li, F. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions Journal Of Sport And Health Science, 9, 103-104.
11. Cinti, S., Graciotti, L., Giordano, A., Valerio, A., &Nisoli, E. (2020). COVID-19 and fat embolism: a hypothesis to explain the severe clinical outcome in people with obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 44(8), 1800-1802.
12. Damania, H., & Machado, P. (2014). Nutritional Assessment of Working and Non-Working Mothers: A Pilot Study. Int J InnovRes Dev.
13. Drosten, C., Günther, S., Preiser, W., Van Der Werf, S., Brodt, H. R., Becker, S., ...& Berger, A. (2003). Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. New England journal of medicine, 348(20), 1967-1976.
14. Ekingen, A. (2015). Farklimeslekgruplarindacalisanvecalismayankadinlarinvucutyagyuzdesiuzerineetkisi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Dicle).
15. Favre, G., Legueult, K., Pradier, C., Raffaelli, C., Ichai, C., Iannelli, A., Redheuil, A., Lucidarme, O., &Esnault, V. (2020). Visceral fat is associated to the severity of COVID-19. Metabolism Clinical and Experimental, 115, 154440.
16. George, S. O., &Chandan, L. M. (2016). Is the physical fitness of working women better than homemakers? Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research, 629-636.
17. Giustino, V., Parroco, A. M., Gennaro, A., Musumeci, G., Palma, A., &Battaglia, G. (2020). Physical activity levels and related energy expenditure during COVID-19 quarantine among the Sicilian active population: a cross-sectional online survey study. Sustainability, 12(11), 4356.
18. Gualtieri, P., Falcone, C., Romano, L., Macheda, S., Correale, P., Arciello, P., ...& Lorenzo, A. D. (2020). Body composition findings by computed tomography in SARS-CoV-2 patients: increased risk of muscle wasting in obesity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(13), 4670.
19. Hu, F. B. (2008). Measurements of adiposity and body composition. Obesity epidemiology, 416, 53-83.
20. Koner, D., &Bandyopadhyay, P. S. (2017). Health fitness of mid age working women and non-working house wiwes - a comparative study. Indian Journal Of Applied Research, 383-384.
21. Kyle, U. G., Schutz, Y., Dupertuis, Y. M., &Pichard, C. (2003). Body composition interpretation: contributions of the fat-free mass index and the body fat mass index. Nutrition, 19(7-8), 597-604.
22. Mair., P., & Wilcox., R. (2020). Robust Statistical Methods in R Using the WRS2 Package. Behavior Research Methods, 52, 464-488.
23. Martinez-Ferran, M., de la Guía-Galipienso, F., Sanchis-Gomar, F., &Pareja-Galeano, H. (2020). Metabolic impacts of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic due to modified diet and physical activity habits. Nutrients, 12(6), 1549.
24. MOH (2020). Turkish Republic Ministry of Health. Source: [https://www.saglik.gov.tr/]
25. MOIA (2020). Turkish Republic Ministry of Internal Affairs. Source: [https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/]
26. Narici, M., De Vito, G., Franchi, M., Paoli, A., Moro, T., Marcolin, G., Grassi B., Baldassarre G., Zuccarelli L., Biolo G., Girolamo F.G., Fiotti N., Dela F., Greenhaff, P., &Maganaris, C. (2020). Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID-19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health: Physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasures. European journal of sport science, 1-22.
27. Ozer, P.D. (2009). Kinantropometri, SpordaMorfolojikPlanlama. Ankara: Nobel YayinDagitim.
28. R Core Team (2020). R:A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
29. StataCorp. 2019. Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC.
30. WHO (2020). World Health Organization. Source: [https://www.who.int/].
31. Zachary, Z., Brianna, F., Brianna, L., Garrett, P., Jade, W., Alyssa, D., & Mikayla, K. (2020). Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity research & clinical practice, 14(3), 210-216.
32. Zaki, A. M., Van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T. M., Osterhaus, A. D., &Fouchier, R. A. (2012). Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(19), 1814-1820.