Estimation of Sediment Yield Based on Field Measurements and MUSLE Model in Kocadere Watershed

Öz

The geographical location, topography, soil characteristics, favorable geomorphological structure to erosion, land use changes and climatic conditions of Turkey, increase soil sensitivity to erosion. Therefore, soil erosion and consequent sedimentation are the most important problems that threaten our soil and water resources. In this research conducted between the year of 2009-2013 in Balıkesir- Bigadiç-Kocadere Watershed, it is aimed to determined sediment yield based on the rainfall, runoff and suspended sediment measurements in subwatershed. 5 year measurement results covering the years 2009-2013 were evaluated in the research. Sediment rating curve of the watershed  has been derived from flow rate and suspended sediment measured with automatic sediment sampler at the subwatershed. With reference to this, annual average sediment yield of subwatershed was 2.11 ton ha-1 yıl-1. At the same time, in order to estimate of watershed sediment yield, MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) equation was used. Sediment yield estimated by MUSLE for the research period was 2.22 ton ha-1 yıl-1. The applicability of the MUSLE model under watershed conditions was tested with sediment data measured in the field during 13 individual events and obtained coefficient of determination was 0.92. MUSLE gave better results in predicting sediment yield for high storms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Balıkesir Bigadiç
• watershed
• MUSLE
• sediment yield
• soil erosion

Proje Numarası

UTAEM 2015-02

Kocadere Havzasında Sediment Veriminin Arazi Ölçümlerine ve MUSLE Modeline Dayalı Olarak Tahmin Edilmesi

Öz

Türkiyenin içinde bulunduğu coğrafi konum, topoğrafya, toprak özellikleri, erozyona elverişli jeomorfolojik yapı, arazi kullanımındaki değişimler ve iklim koşulları toprakların erozyona karşı duyarlılığını artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle erozyon ve onun sonucu olan sedimantasyon, toprak ve su kaynaklarıyla ilgili en önemli problemlerdendir. Balıkesir-Bigadiç Kocadere Havzasında 2009-2013 yılları arasında yürütülen bu araştırmada, alt havzada yağış, akım ve süspanse sediment ölçümlerine dayalı olarak, havza sediment veriminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, 2009-2013 yıllarını kapsayan 5 yıllık ölçüm sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Söz konusu periyotta otomatik sediment örnekleyici ile gerçekleştirilen süspanse sediment örneklemelerine ve akım verilerine dayalı olarak havzanın sediment anahtar eğrisi çıkarılmıştır. Buna göre alt havza sediment verimi 2.11 ton ha-1 yıl-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, havza sediment verimini tahmin etmek amacıyla MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) eşitliği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma periyodu için MUSLE ile tahmin edilen sediment verimi ise 2.22 ton ha-1 yıl-1 olmuştur. MUSLE modelinin havza koşullarında uygulanabilirliği, 13 adet bireysel olay süresince arazide ölçülen sediment verisiyle test edilmiş ve elde edilen belirtme katsayısı değeri 0.92 olmuştur. Yüksek akımlar için sediment verimi tahmininde MUSLE daha iyi sonuçlar vermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Balıkesir Bigadiç
• havza
• MUSLE
• sediment verimi
• toprak erozyonu

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü (TAGEM)

Proje Numarası

UTAEM 2015-02

Kaynakça

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