The Effects of Different Level Boron Contents in the Irrigation Waters on Mineral Substance Contents and Developments of Olive Samplings

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 112 - 117, 02.12.2013

Saime Seferoğlu , Emre Dalgıç

Öz

Boron is the significant mineral substance for plant development. Although a little amount of boron is sufficient for olive plants, deficient or toxic level of boron causes the negative effect on olive plant development. Boron deficiency should be prevented by applying boron fertilizers. In the case of excessive boron content in the plant tissues, the reasons of excessive boron should be searched. Generally, the most boron toxicity arises from boron contents of irrigation waters. Boron is solution the geothermal hot spring waters easily. Dispersing of the boron contaminated waters to nature without control results in negative effects on plant development. The aim of this research is to determine the toxic level of the boron on olive samplings. Two years old samplings of Gemlik cv. of olive were exposed to irrigation waters contained different boron levels during one year period in greenhouse of Soil Science and Mineral Uptake Department in Adnan Menderes University. 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 ppm boron doses were applied with three replications. Seedlings were planted in 12 kg pots included soil; sand; farm manure in 1;1;1 ratios respectively. Sampling height was measured, leaf and soil samples were collected and samples were analyses for boron. As the result it was observed that leaf boron concentration was increased significantly with increasing boron doses. In the advanced term of sampling development, 4-6 and 8 ppm doses caused the chlorosis in old leaves and burnings on the top sides of plants. Furthermore, it was found that 2 ppm was found to be as the most suitable dose in irrigation water for Gemlik variety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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Farklı Düzeyde Bor İçeren Sulama Sularının Zeytin Fidanlarının Gelişme ve Besin Maddesi İçeriklerine Etkisi

Öz

Bor, bitki besin maddesi olarak bitkilerin gelişiminde küçümsenmeyecek derecede önemlidir. Zeytin bitkisi için bor mikro besin elementi olmasına rağmen bitkide noksan ve toksik seviyede olduğunda zeytinin gelişmesini olumsuz yönde etkiler. Bu nedenle, noksanlığında mutlaka zeytin ağaçları borlu gübrelerle gübrelenmeli, fazlalığında ise kontrol edilmesi gerekmektedir. En fazla bor toksitesi genellikle sulama sularındaki bor içeriğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Jeotermal kaynakların sıcak sularında bol miktarda borun çözünebilmesi ve bu suların doğaya bilinçsizce bırakılması sonucu bitki gelişiminde olumsuzluklar yaratmaktadır. Bu sebeple A.DÜ. Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü serasındaki 2 yaşındaki Gemlik zeytin çeşidi fidanlarına 2 yıl boyunca farklı bor konsantrasyonlarındaki sulama suları uygulanmıştır. Dozlar 0-1-2-4-6-8 ppm'lik olup, 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Fidanlar içerisinde kum, toprak ve sığır gübresi 1:1:1 oranında bulunan 12 kg'lık saksılarda yetiştirilmiştir. Fidanların boy ölçümü yapılmış, toprak ve yaprak örnekleri alınıp, örneklerde bor analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yaprakların bor konsantrasyonunun artan dozlara paralel olarak arttığı saptanmış ve istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. Gelişmenin ilerleyen dönemlerinde 4-6-8 ppm bor uygulanan bitkilerde yaşlı yapraklarda klorozlar ve uç kısımlarında yanmalar belirlenmiştir. Gemlik çeşidi için sulama suyunda en uygun bor dozunun 2 ppm olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gemlik zeytin, bor, sulama suyu, toksite, dayanıklılık, Gemlik cv., olive, boron, irrigation water, toxicity, resistance

Kaynakça

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