Carotenoids

Abstract

Summary: In human, physiological, biochemical and pharmacological functions of carotenoids are different from plants and microorganisms. Especially in the last twenty years, enriched carotenoid diets have become important such as situations in the inhibition of prostate enlargement and cataract formation, prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disorders and some neurological diseases like Alzheimer and Parkinson. The purpose of this review is not to examine other roles of carotenoids, is draw attention to effects of physiological and pharmacological in human body, refresh exist knowledge and present new informations. Key words: Carotenoids

Keywords

• Carotenoids

Karotenoidler

Öz

Karotenoidlerin insanlardaki fizyolojik, biyokimyasal ve farmakolojik işlevi bitki ve mikroorganizmalardakinden farklıdır. Özellikle geçen yirmi yılda karotenoidlerce zengin beslenmenin prostat büyümesi, katarakt oluşumunun engellenmesi ve kalp-damar hastalıklarının önlenmesi ve/veya sağaltımı ile Alzheimer ve Parkinson gibi nörolojik bozukluklardaki önemi giderek artmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, karotenoidlerin diğer rollerini irdelemekten ziyade insanlardaki fizyolojik ve farmakolojik etkilerine dikkat çekmek, mevcut bilgileri yenilemek ve yeni bilgiler sunmaktır. Anahtar kelimeler: Karotenoidler

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karotenoidler

Kaynakça

1. Omoni AO, Aluko E. The anticarcinogenic and anti-atherogenic effects of lycopene: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2005; 16: 344–50.
2. Ma L, Lin XM. Effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on aspects of eye health. J Sci Food Agric 2010; 90: 2–12.
3. Rao AV, Rao LG. Carotenoids and human health. Pharmacol Res 2007; 55: 207–16.
4. Johnson JD. Do carotenoids serve as transmembrane radical channels? Free Radic Biol & Med 2009; 47: 321–23.
5. Zino S, Skeaff M, Williams S, Mann J. Randomised controlled trial of effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma concentrations of lipids and antioxidants. BMJ 1997; 314: 1787– 91.
6. Kapoor VK, Dureja J, Chadha R. Herbals in the control of ageing. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14 (19–20): 992–98.
7. Rock CL. Carotenoids: Biology and treatment. Phamacol Ther 1997; 75: 185–97.
8. Stahl W, Berg H, Arthur J, et al. Bioavailability and metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2002; 23: 39–100.

9. Cornelli U, Antioxidant use in nutraceuticals. Clin Dermatol 2009; 27: 175–94.
10. Davidson GP, Decker TR. Chemopreventive role of fruits and vegetables in oropharyngeal cancer. Nutr Clin Pract 2009; 24: 250–60.
11. Hassimotto NMA, Pinto MDS, Lajolo FM. Antioxidant status in humans after consumption of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) juices with and without defatted milk. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56: 11727–33.
12. Kuruş M, Ugraş M, Ateş B, et al. Apricot ameliorates alcohol induced testicular damage in rat model. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 49: 2666–72.
13. Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD. The role of carotenoids in the prevention of human pathologies. Biomed Pharmacother 2004; 58: 100–10.
14. Su Q, Rowley KG, Balazs NDH. Carotenoids: separation methods applicable to biological samples. J Chromatogr B 2002; 781: 393–18.
15. Zhu YI, Hsieh WC, Parker RS et al. Evidence of a role for fat- free body mass in modulation of plasma carotenoid concentrations in older men:studies with hydrodensitometry. J Nutr 1997; 127: 321–26.
16. Parker RS. Absorption, metabolism and transport of carotenoids. FASEBJ 1996; 10: 542–51.
17. Gartner C, Stahl W, Sies H. Lycopene is more bioavailable from tomato paste than from fresh tomatoes. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66: 116–22.
18. Khachik F, Carvallo L, Bernstein PS, et al. Chemistry, distribution and metabolism of tomato carotenoids and their impact on human health. Exp Biol Med 2002; 227 (10): 845–51.
19. Khachik F, Spangler CJ, Smith Jr JC. Identification, quantification, and relative concentrations of carotenoids and their metabolites in human milk and serum. Anal Chem 1997; 69: 1873–81.
20. Blum A, Monir M, Wirsansky I, et al. The beneficial effects of tomatoes. Eur J Intern Med 2005; 16: 402–04.
21. Küçük O, Wood Jr DP. Re: Response of hormone refractory prostate cancer to lycopene. J Urol 2002; 167: 651-55.
22. Karas M, Amir H, Fishman D, et al. Lycopene interferes with cell cycle progression and insulin-like growth factor I signaling in mammary cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2000; 36: 101–11.
23. Prakash P, Russell RM, Krinsky NI. In vitro inhibition of proliferation of estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells treated with carotenoids or retinoids. J Nutr 2001; 131: 1574–80.
24. Kim L, Rao AV, Rao LG. Lycopene II-Effect on osteoblasts: the caroteroid lycopene stimulates cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of SaOS-2 cells. J Med Food 2003; 6 (2): 79– 86.
25. Rao LG, Krishnadev N, Banasikowska K, et al. Lycopene I- Effect on osteoclasts: Lycopene inhibits basal and parathyroid hormone-stimulated osteoclast formation and mineral resorption mediated by reactive oxygen species in rat bone marrow cultures. J Med Food 2004; 6 (2): 69–78.
26. Engelhard YN, Gazer B, Paran E. Natural antioxidants from tomato extract reduce blood pressure in patients with grade–1 hypertension: A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Am Heart J 2006; 151 (1): 101–06.
27. Lenzi A, Gandini L, Picardo M. A rationale for glutathione therapy. Debate on: is antioxidant therapy a promising strategy to improve human reproduction. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 1419–24.
28. Heller FR, Descamps O, Hondekijn JC. LDL oxidation:therapeutic perspectives. Atherosclerosis 1998; 137: 25–31.
29. Tan JSL, Wang JJ, Flood V, et al. Dietary antioxidants and the long-term incidence of agerelated macular degeneration: the blue mountains eye study. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 334–41.
30. Delcourt C, Carriere I, Delage M, et al. Plasma lutein and zeaxanthin and other carotenoids as modifiable risk factors for age-related maculopathy and cataract, The POLA Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 2329–35.
31. Sandberg MA, Brockhurst RJ, Gaudio AR, et al. The association between visual acuity and central retinal thickness in retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 3349–54.
32. Karahan I, Ateşşahin A, Yılmaz S, et al. Protective effect of lycopene on gentamicin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicology 2005; 215: 198–04.
33. Han CH, Yang CH, Sohn DW, et al. Synergistic effect between lycopene and ciprofloxacin on a chronic bacterial prostatitis rat model. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 315: 102–7.
34. Şahin K, Önderci M, Şahin N, et al. Effects of lycopene supplementation on antioxidant status, oxidative stress, performance and carcass characteristics in heat-stressed Japanese quail. J Therm Biol 2006; 31: 307–12.
35. Gürbüz Y, Kamalak A, Çiçek T, et al. Doğal karotenoid kaynakları ve yumurta sarı rengi. 325-329, http://4uzbk.sdu.edu.tr/4UZBK/POSTER/HBP/4UZBKP_06 0.pdf [Erişim tarihi: 01.04.2010]