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Abstract

Commonly found in ecosystems, endocrine disruptors are a large group of natural or synthetic compounds and xenobiotics that are toxic to the endocrine system of a living organism. The pesticides, herbicides, and hormonally active substances that are widely used in agriculture and industrial compounds are among the endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disrupters interfere with the immune system, thyroid functions, reproductive systems, and intrauterine life of a living organism. Endocrine disruptors show their oestrogenic, anti-oestrogenic, antiandrogenic, and androgenic effects by activating hormone biosynthesis, secretion, transport, degradation, receptors, or postreceptors. Effects of endocrine disruptors on male genital tract can be observed in estrogenic effects that cause delayed puberty, and, more importantly, reduction in androgen production of Leydig cells. Promycine, linuron, vinclozin, p,p’DDT, dioxin, phthalates, genistein, resveratrol, and bisphenol A are among the natural or synthetic chemicals that alter Leydig cell function. On the other hand, endocrine disruptors such as diethylstilbesterol, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane/dichlorodiphenyl-dichloro ethylene , methoxychlor, bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls A, polychlorinatedbiphenyl, dioxins, and phthalates cause premature thelarche and precocious puberty with their estrogenic effects in girls. Atrazine, trenbolan acetate, lead, and vinclozis are among the other endocrine disruptors that may cause late puberty in girls. This article is a review of the recent publications that study the influences of endocrine disruptors on endocrine systems during puberty and adolescence, the growth and development periods of children

Keywords

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Effects of Environmental Chemicals and Drugs on Reproductive Endocrine System

Öz

Abstract

Commonly found in ecosystems, endocrine disruptors are a large group of natural or synthetic compounds and xenobiotics that are toxic to the endocrine system of a living organism. The pesticides, herbicides, and hormonally active substances that are widely used in agriculture and industrial compounds are among the endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disrupters interfere with the immune system, thyroid functions, reproductive systems, and intrauterine life of a living organism. Endocrine disruptors show their oestrogenic, anti-oestrogenic, antiandrogenic, and androgenic effects by activating hormone biosynthesis, secretion, transport, degradation, receptors, or postreceptors. Effects of endocrine disruptors on male genital tract can be observed in estrogenic effects that cause delayed puberty, and, more importantly,  reduction in androgen production of Leydig cells. Promycine, linuron, vinclozin, p,p’DDT, dioxin, phthalates, genistein, resveratrol, and bisphenol A are among the natural or synthetic chemicals that alter Leydig cell function. On the other hand, endocrine disruptors such as diethylstilbesterol, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane/dichlorodiphenyl-dichloro ethylene , methoxychlor, bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls A, polychlorinatedbiphenyl, dioxins, and phthalates cause premature thelarche and precocious puberty with their estrogenic effects in girls. Atrazine, trenbolan acetate, lead, and vinclozis are among the other endocrine disruptors that may cause late puberty in girls. This article is a review of the recent publications that study the influences of endocrine disruptors on endocrine systems during puberty and adolescence, the growth and development periods of children.

Key Words: Endocrine Disruptors; Reproductive System; Children.

 

Cinsel Gelişimi Etkileyen Çevresel Faktörler ve İlaçlar

 

Özet

Ekosistem üzerinde çok yaygın olarak bulunan ve sayıları giderek artan doğal veya sentetik, hormonal olarak aktif, endokrin sisteme toksik olan maddelere ve ksenohormonlara endokrin bozucular denmektedir. Çevrede bulunan veya tarımda kullanılan haşere ilaçları, bitki koruyucular, bitkilerin hızlı büyümesini artıran hormonal ilaçlar ve endüstriyel maddeler endokrin bozucuların listesini oluşturmaktadır. Endokrin bozucular intrauterine döneme etki ederek konjenital malformasyonlara yolaçabildiği gibi; postnatal dönemde üreme, immun sistem ve tiroid fonksiyonlar üzerine de olumsuz etki gösterirler. Endokrin bozucular hormonların biyosentezini, salınımını, transportunu veya yıkımını reseptör veya postreseptör aktivasyon yoluyla etkileyerek; östrojenik, antiöstrojenik, antiandrojenik veya androjenik etkiler ile gösterirler. Endokrin bozucuların erkek genital sistem üzerine etkileri, östrojenik etkilerinden dolayı daha çok gecikmiş puberte olarak gözükmektedir ve en önemli etkisini Leydig hücrelerinin androjen üretimini azaltarak göstermektedir. Özellikle promycine, linuron, vinclozin, p,p’DDT, dioxin, fitalatlar, genistein, resveratrol ve bisphenol A Leydig hücre fonksiyonunu etkileyen doğal veya sentetik kimyasallar arasında yer almaktadır. Kızlarda ise diethylstilbesterol, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane /dichlorodiphenyl-dichloro ethiylene, methoxyklor, bisphenol A, polychlorinatedbiphenyl, dioxinler ve fitalatlar gibi endokrin bozucular, östrojenik etkileri ile erken telarş ve puberte prekoksa neden olmaktadır. Kızlarda geç puberteye neden olan endokrin bozucular ise atrazin, trenbolan asetat, kurşun ve vinclozindir. Bu yazı endokrin bozucuların, hızlı büyüme dönemindeki çocukluk çağı ve adölesanların sürekli gelişim ve değişim halinde olan endokrin sistemleri üzerine etkilerini son yayınlar ışığında gözden geçirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Endokrin Bozucular; Cinsel Gelişim; Çocuklar.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endokrin Bozucular; Cinsel Gelişim; Çocuklar

Kaynakça

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