BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Pregnancy and Constipation

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 71 - 75, 01.02.2010

Öz

Disorders of gastrointestinal tract are extremely common during pregnancy. Pregnancy might change gastrointestinal secretions and absorption with an effect on gastrointestinal motility. The change may be mainly related to increased female sex hormones. Enlarging uterus can also have a mass effect on bowel which can result in slow transit time. Knowledge of gastrointestinal adaptation to hormonal and mechanical changes in pregnancy is important for interpretation of gastrointestinal problems in pregnancy. Although rarely causing life-threatening complications, they are major causes of patient discomfort, morbidity and impairment of quality of life requiring frequent hospital admissions. Constipation is second only to nausea and vomiting as the most common gastrointestinal complaint in pregnancy. The majority of cases are simple constipation that occurs due to combination of hormonal and mechanical factors affecting normal gastrointestinal function. However, a number of women suffer from constipation prior to conception and find their symptoms worsen during pregnancy. Patients with simple constipation can usually be treated by explanation, reassurance and advice. It is important that all patients be evaluated by detailed history, physical examination and basic investigations to rule out gastrointestinal system pathology that may be present. Drugs which are frequently used for constipation must be chosen carefully with a knowledge about possible risks on mother and fetus. In this review, the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management of constipation in pregnancy is summarized. Key words: Constipation, Pregnancy

Kaynakça

  • Anderson AS. Constipation during pregnancy: incidence and methods used in its treatment in a group of Cambridgeshire women. Health Visitor 1984; 57(12):363-4.
  • Anderson AS, Lean ME. Dietary intake in pregnancy. A comparison between 49 Cambridgeshire women and current recommended intake. Hum Nutr Appl Nutr 1986; 40(1):40-8.
  • Cullen G, O’Donoghue D. Constipation and pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 21(5):807-18.
  • Lembo A, Camilleri M. Chronic constipation. N Eng J Med 2003:349(14); 1360-8.
  • Drossman DA. The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome II process. Gut 1999: 45 Suppl 2;II1-5.
  • Yurdakul I. Chronic Constipation. In: Dobrucali A, Tetikkurt C, eds. İÜ Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitim Sempozyum Dizisi. İstanbul: Cerrahpaşa Tıp Yayınları; 2007. p. 43-58.
  • Preston DM, Lennard-Jones JE. Severe chronic constipation of young women: ‘Idiopathic slow transit constipation’. Gut 1986; 27(1):41-8.
  • Hinds JP, Stoney B, Wald A. Does gender or the menstrual cycle affect colonic transit? Am J Gastroenterol 1989; 84(2):123-6.
  • Kamm MA, Farthing MJ, Lennard-Jones JE. Bowel function and transit time during the menstrual cycle. Gut 1989; 30(5):605-8.
  • Kamm MA, Farthing MJ, Lennard-Jones JE, Perry LA, Chard T. Steroid hormone abnormalities in women with severe idiopathic constipation. Gut 1991; 32(1):80-4.
  • Wald A, Van Thiel D, Hoechstetter L, Gavaler JS, Egler KM, Verm R et al. Effect of pregnancy on gastrointestinal transit. Dig Dis Sci 1982; 27(11):1015-8.
  • Lawson M, Kern F, Everson GT. Gastrointestinal transit time in human pregnancy: prolongation in the second and third trimesters followed by postpartum normalisation. Gastroenterology 1985; 89(5):996-9.
  • Gill RC, Bowes KL, Kingma YJ. Effect of progesterone on canine colonic smooth muscle. Gastroenterology 1985; 88(6):1941-7.
  • Bruce LA, Behsudi FM. Progesterone effects on three regional gastrointestinal tissues. Life Sci 1979; 25(9):729-34.
  • Bonapace ES, Fisher RS. Constipation and diarrhoea in pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1998; 27(1):197-211.
  • Tincello DG, Teare J, Fraser WD. Second trimester concentration of relaxin and pregnancy related incontinence. Eur J Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Biol 2003; 106(2):237-8.
  • Parry E, Shields R, Turnbull AC. The effect of pregnancy on colonic absorption of sodium, potassium and water. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1970; 77(7):616-9.
  • Porterfield SP. Endocrinology in pregnancy. In: Porterfield SP, ed. Endocrine Physiology. London: Mosby Publishing; 2001. p. 197-214.
  • Wald A. Constipation, diarrhoea and symptomatic hemorrhoids during pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2003; 32(1):309- 22.
  • Shafik A, El-Sibai O. Study of the levator ani muscle in the multipara: role of levator dysfunstion in defaecation disorders. J Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 22(2):187-92.
  • Cranston D, McWhinnie D, Collin J. Dietary fibre and gastrointestinal disease. Br J Surg 1988; 75(6):508-12.
  • Nelson MM, Forfar JO. Association between drugs administered during pregnancy and congenital abnormalities of the fetus. Br Med J 1971; 1(5748):523-7.
  • Blair AW, Burdon M, Powell J, Gerrard M, Smith R. Fetal exposure to 1:8 dihydroxyanthraquinone. Biol Neonate 1977; 31(5-6):289-93.
  • Sicuranza GB, Figueroa R. Uterine rupture associated with castor oil ingestion. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2003; 13(2):133-4.
  • West L, Warren J, Cutts T. Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, constipation and diarrhea in pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992; 21(4):793-801.

Gebelik ve Konstipasyon

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 71 - 75, 01.02.2010

Öz

Gastrointestinal sistem yakınmaları gebelikte sık görülmektedir. Gebelikle birlikte gastrointestinal mukozal sekresyonlar, emilim değişebilmekte ve motilite etkilenebilmektedir. Değişiklerin temel nedeni artmış gebelik hormonları olarak düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte büyüyen uterusun lümene basısı sonucunda kolonik transit zamanında yavaşlama oluşabilmektedir. Gebelikte ortaya çıkan hormonal ve mekanik değişiklikler hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak gastrointestinal yakınmaların yorumlanabilmesi açısından önemlidir. Gebelik sırasında görülen gastrointestinal yakınmaların çoğu anne ve fetus için hayati tehlike oluşturmasa da, etkilenen kadınlarda yaşam kalitesi önemli ölçüde bozulmakta ve sık sık doktora başvurmaya neden olmaktadır. Gebelikte ortaya çıkabilen konstipasyon oldukça rahatsız edici bir durum olup gebelik esnasında bulantı ve kusmadan sonra ikinci sırada en sık görülen yakınmadır. Olguların çoğunda gebelikle birlikte değişen hormonal ve mekanik faktörlere bağlı basit konstipasyon şeklinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte gebe kalmadan önce konstipasyonu olup gebelikle birlikte yakınmaları artan komplike hastalar da görülmektedir. Basit konstipasyon diyet değişikliği ve önerilerle tedavi edilebilirken, komplike konstipasyonun altında yatan nedenleri araştırmak ve en uygun tedaviyi düzenlemek gerekir. Gebelikte ortaya çıkan konstipasyonda her hasta detaylı şekilde ele alınmalı, öykü, fizik inceleme ve laboratuvar yöntemleri ile olası gastrointestinal patolojiler ayırt edilmelidir. Gebelikte konstipasyon tedavisinde kullanılacak ilaçlar ise son derece dikkatli kullanılmalı, anne ve fetus üzerinde yapabilecekleri istenmeyen etkiler iyi bilinmelidir. Bu yazi ile gebelikte görülen konstipasyonun patofizyolojisini, klinik bulgularını ve tedavi yöntemlerini özetlemek amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Gebelik, Konstipasyon

Kaynakça

  • Anderson AS. Constipation during pregnancy: incidence and methods used in its treatment in a group of Cambridgeshire women. Health Visitor 1984; 57(12):363-4.
  • Anderson AS, Lean ME. Dietary intake in pregnancy. A comparison between 49 Cambridgeshire women and current recommended intake. Hum Nutr Appl Nutr 1986; 40(1):40-8.
  • Cullen G, O’Donoghue D. Constipation and pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 21(5):807-18.
  • Lembo A, Camilleri M. Chronic constipation. N Eng J Med 2003:349(14); 1360-8.
  • Drossman DA. The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome II process. Gut 1999: 45 Suppl 2;II1-5.
  • Yurdakul I. Chronic Constipation. In: Dobrucali A, Tetikkurt C, eds. İÜ Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitim Sempozyum Dizisi. İstanbul: Cerrahpaşa Tıp Yayınları; 2007. p. 43-58.
  • Preston DM, Lennard-Jones JE. Severe chronic constipation of young women: ‘Idiopathic slow transit constipation’. Gut 1986; 27(1):41-8.
  • Hinds JP, Stoney B, Wald A. Does gender or the menstrual cycle affect colonic transit? Am J Gastroenterol 1989; 84(2):123-6.
  • Kamm MA, Farthing MJ, Lennard-Jones JE. Bowel function and transit time during the menstrual cycle. Gut 1989; 30(5):605-8.
  • Kamm MA, Farthing MJ, Lennard-Jones JE, Perry LA, Chard T. Steroid hormone abnormalities in women with severe idiopathic constipation. Gut 1991; 32(1):80-4.
  • Wald A, Van Thiel D, Hoechstetter L, Gavaler JS, Egler KM, Verm R et al. Effect of pregnancy on gastrointestinal transit. Dig Dis Sci 1982; 27(11):1015-8.
  • Lawson M, Kern F, Everson GT. Gastrointestinal transit time in human pregnancy: prolongation in the second and third trimesters followed by postpartum normalisation. Gastroenterology 1985; 89(5):996-9.
  • Gill RC, Bowes KL, Kingma YJ. Effect of progesterone on canine colonic smooth muscle. Gastroenterology 1985; 88(6):1941-7.
  • Bruce LA, Behsudi FM. Progesterone effects on three regional gastrointestinal tissues. Life Sci 1979; 25(9):729-34.
  • Bonapace ES, Fisher RS. Constipation and diarrhoea in pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1998; 27(1):197-211.
  • Tincello DG, Teare J, Fraser WD. Second trimester concentration of relaxin and pregnancy related incontinence. Eur J Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Biol 2003; 106(2):237-8.
  • Parry E, Shields R, Turnbull AC. The effect of pregnancy on colonic absorption of sodium, potassium and water. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1970; 77(7):616-9.
  • Porterfield SP. Endocrinology in pregnancy. In: Porterfield SP, ed. Endocrine Physiology. London: Mosby Publishing; 2001. p. 197-214.
  • Wald A. Constipation, diarrhoea and symptomatic hemorrhoids during pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2003; 32(1):309- 22.
  • Shafik A, El-Sibai O. Study of the levator ani muscle in the multipara: role of levator dysfunstion in defaecation disorders. J Obstet Gynaecol 2002; 22(2):187-92.
  • Cranston D, McWhinnie D, Collin J. Dietary fibre and gastrointestinal disease. Br J Surg 1988; 75(6):508-12.
  • Nelson MM, Forfar JO. Association between drugs administered during pregnancy and congenital abnormalities of the fetus. Br Med J 1971; 1(5748):523-7.
  • Blair AW, Burdon M, Powell J, Gerrard M, Smith R. Fetal exposure to 1:8 dihydroxyanthraquinone. Biol Neonate 1977; 31(5-6):289-93.
  • Sicuranza GB, Figueroa R. Uterine rupture associated with castor oil ingestion. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2003; 13(2):133-4.
  • West L, Warren J, Cutts T. Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, constipation and diarrhea in pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992; 21(4):793-801.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cem Aygün Bu kişi benim

Banu Kumbak Aygün Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aygün, C., & Aygün, B. K. (2010). Gebelik ve Konstipasyon. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center, 17(1), 71-75.
AMA Aygün C, Aygün BK. Gebelik ve Konstipasyon. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent. Şubat 2010;17(1):71-75.
Chicago Aygün, Cem, ve Banu Kumbak Aygün. “Gebelik Ve Konstipasyon”. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 17, sy. 1 (Şubat 2010): 71-75.
EndNote Aygün C, Aygün BK (01 Şubat 2010) Gebelik ve Konstipasyon. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 17 1 71–75.
IEEE C. Aygün ve B. K. Aygün, “Gebelik ve Konstipasyon”, J Turgut Ozal Med Cent, c. 17, sy. 1, ss. 71–75, 2010.
ISNAD Aygün, Cem - Aygün, Banu Kumbak. “Gebelik Ve Konstipasyon”. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 17/1 (Şubat 2010), 71-75.
JAMA Aygün C, Aygün BK. Gebelik ve Konstipasyon. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent. 2010;17:71–75.
MLA Aygün, Cem ve Banu Kumbak Aygün. “Gebelik Ve Konstipasyon”. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center, c. 17, sy. 1, 2010, ss. 71-75.
Vancouver Aygün C, Aygün BK. Gebelik ve Konstipasyon. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent. 2010;17(1):71-5.