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Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 297 - 309, 26.12.2025
https://izlik.org/JA39KG62GF

Öz

The opening chapter of Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road (1961) introduces the Laurel Players, a newly formed suburban theater group, and their production of The Petrified Forest (1934). The play, overshadowed by the 1936 film adaptation, reflects a shared disillusionment that mirrors the internal struggles of Yates’ characters. Both works center on individuals trapped in mundane small-town life, longing for escape, a clear parallel to the Wheelers’ suffocating suburban existence. The play’s themes resonate strongly with April Wheeler’s sense of missed opportunity and thwarted ambition, while also reflecting the emotional stagnation and frustration experienced by male characters such as Frank and Shep. The deliberate inclusion of The Petrified Forest within Revolutionary Road highlights mid-century anxieties surrounding gender roles, domestic entrapment, and the longing for alternative paths. This study argues that the Laurel Players’ selection of The Petrified Forest serves not merely as a play within the novel but as a dramatic vehicle for exploring the characters’ yearning to escape suburban confinement. The production functions as a mise en abyme, foregrounding the scripted routines of their daily lives and underscoring how the stage becomes a space where the characters can briefly entertain fantasies of freedom, even as those fantasies remain unattainable. By examining the theatrical elements in Revolutionary Road, this study situates the Wheelers’ predicament within the broader context of mid-century American culture, where the longing for self-expression is staged yet never fully realized. Through this framework, Yates critiques the stifling postwar norms while simultaneously revealing the pervasive desire for self-expression and escape.

Kaynakça

  • Adorno, T., & Horkheimer, M. (2018). The dialectic of enlightenment. In V. B. Leitch (Ed.), The Norton anthology of theory and criticism. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Butler, J. (2006). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
  • Castilho, M. T., & Pacheco, R. (2019). The “second lost generation”: A reading of suburban emptiness in Richard Yates’s Revolutionary Road. Via Panoramica: Revista de Estudos Anglo-Americanos, 3(8/2).
  • Coontz, S. (2007). The way we really are: Coming to terms with America’s changing families. Perseus Books Group.
  • Debord, G. (2021). The society of the spectacle. Critical Editions.
  • Ehrenreich, B. (1984). The hearts of men: American dreams and the flight from commitment. Anchor Books.
  • Frank, T. (2015). Commodify your dissent: Salvos from the baffler. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Goffman, E. (1990). The presentation of self in everyday life. Penguin.
  • Horowitz, D. (2015). American social classes in the 1950s: Selections from Vance Packard’s The status seekers. Bedford/St. Martin’s.
  • Jameson, F. (2018). Postmodernism and consumer society. In V. B. Leitch (Ed.), The Norton anthology of theory and criticism. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Jameson, F. (2010). Postmodernism, or, the cultural logic of late capitalism. Duke University Press.
  • Jones, K. (2014). Dismembering the American dream: The life and fiction of Richard Yates. University of Alabama Press.
  • Kobre, M. (2020). From The Evening Land to Route 12: The Moviegoer, Revolutionary Road, and the afterlives of novels. The Southern Literary Journal, 42(2), 53–70.
  • May, E. T. (2017). Homeward bound: American families in the cold war era. Basic Books.
  • Mayhew, J. (2015). Pantomimes of death within suburbia: Abject boredom in Yates’ Revolutionary Road, Lynch’s Blue Velvet, and Bowen’s “Attractive modern homes.” Interdisciplinary Literary Studies, 17(4), 617–634. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/intelitestud.17.4.0617
  • Mendes, S. (Director). (2008). Revolutionary Road [Film]. DreamWorks Distribution.
  • Raab, V. (2009). Revolutionary lunch. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/book-club/revolutionary-lunch
  • Richardson, C. (2010). The empty self in Revolutionary Road or: How I learned to stop worrying and love the blonde. European Journal of American Culture, 29(1), 5–18.
  • Sherwood, R. E. (1935). The Petrified Forest. Scribner.
  • Skolnick, A. (2023). Embattled paradise: The American family in an age of uncertainty. Basic Books.
  • Vavotici, F. (2020). “Being an instance of the norm”: Women, surveillance and guilt in Richard Yates’s Revolutionary Road. European Journal of American Studies, 15(2), 15847. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejas.15847
  • Voeltz, R. A. (2013). Love and death in 1950s suburbia: The novel and film Revolutionary Road. Moravian Journal of Literature and Film, 4(2), 5–18.
  • Wu, Y. (2024). Women’s bodily redemption in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road: An analysis from the perspectives of body narrative and feminist jurisprudence. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 14(9), 2976–2981. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1409.33
  • Wilhite, K. (2012). Contested terrain: The suburbs as region. American Literature, 84(3), 617–644.
  • Yates, R. (2009). Revolutionary Road. Vintage Books.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 297 - 309, 26.12.2025
https://izlik.org/JA39KG62GF

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adorno, T., & Horkheimer, M. (2018). The dialectic of enlightenment. In V. B. Leitch (Ed.), The Norton anthology of theory and criticism. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Butler, J. (2006). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
  • Castilho, M. T., & Pacheco, R. (2019). The “second lost generation”: A reading of suburban emptiness in Richard Yates’s Revolutionary Road. Via Panoramica: Revista de Estudos Anglo-Americanos, 3(8/2).
  • Coontz, S. (2007). The way we really are: Coming to terms with America’s changing families. Perseus Books Group.
  • Debord, G. (2021). The society of the spectacle. Critical Editions.
  • Ehrenreich, B. (1984). The hearts of men: American dreams and the flight from commitment. Anchor Books.
  • Frank, T. (2015). Commodify your dissent: Salvos from the baffler. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Goffman, E. (1990). The presentation of self in everyday life. Penguin.
  • Horowitz, D. (2015). American social classes in the 1950s: Selections from Vance Packard’s The status seekers. Bedford/St. Martin’s.
  • Jameson, F. (2018). Postmodernism and consumer society. In V. B. Leitch (Ed.), The Norton anthology of theory and criticism. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Jameson, F. (2010). Postmodernism, or, the cultural logic of late capitalism. Duke University Press.
  • Jones, K. (2014). Dismembering the American dream: The life and fiction of Richard Yates. University of Alabama Press.
  • Kobre, M. (2020). From The Evening Land to Route 12: The Moviegoer, Revolutionary Road, and the afterlives of novels. The Southern Literary Journal, 42(2), 53–70.
  • May, E. T. (2017). Homeward bound: American families in the cold war era. Basic Books.
  • Mayhew, J. (2015). Pantomimes of death within suburbia: Abject boredom in Yates’ Revolutionary Road, Lynch’s Blue Velvet, and Bowen’s “Attractive modern homes.” Interdisciplinary Literary Studies, 17(4), 617–634. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/intelitestud.17.4.0617
  • Mendes, S. (Director). (2008). Revolutionary Road [Film]. DreamWorks Distribution.
  • Raab, V. (2009). Revolutionary lunch. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/book-club/revolutionary-lunch
  • Richardson, C. (2010). The empty self in Revolutionary Road or: How I learned to stop worrying and love the blonde. European Journal of American Culture, 29(1), 5–18.
  • Sherwood, R. E. (1935). The Petrified Forest. Scribner.
  • Skolnick, A. (2023). Embattled paradise: The American family in an age of uncertainty. Basic Books.
  • Vavotici, F. (2020). “Being an instance of the norm”: Women, surveillance and guilt in Richard Yates’s Revolutionary Road. European Journal of American Studies, 15(2), 15847. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejas.15847
  • Voeltz, R. A. (2013). Love and death in 1950s suburbia: The novel and film Revolutionary Road. Moravian Journal of Literature and Film, 4(2), 5–18.
  • Wu, Y. (2024). Women’s bodily redemption in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road: An analysis from the perspectives of body narrative and feminist jurisprudence. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 14(9), 2976–2981. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1409.33
  • Wilhite, K. (2012). Contested terrain: The suburbs as region. American Literature, 84(3), 617–644.
  • Yates, R. (2009). Revolutionary Road. Vintage Books.

Kaçışın Mise En Abyme’i: Richard Yates’in Bağımsızlık Yolu Adlı Romanında Teatral Yansımalar, Performans ve Özgürlük Yanılsaması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 297 - 309, 26.12.2025
https://izlik.org/JA39KG62GF

Öz

Richard Yates’in Bağımsızlık Yolu (1961) adlı romanının açılış bölümünde, yeni kurulmuş bir banliyö tiyatro topluluğu olan Laurel Oyuncuları ve sahnelemeyi seçtikleri The Petrified Forest (1934) adlı oyun tanıtılır. 1936 tarihli film uyarlamasının gölgesinde kalan bu oyun, Yates’in karakterlerinde gördüğümüz içsel çatışmalarla örtüşen ortak bir hayal kırıklığını yansıtmaktadır. Hem oyun hem de film küçük kasaba yaşamının tekdüzeliğinde hapsolmuş ve bu sınırlardan kaçmayı arzulayan bireyleri merkezine alır ve bu durum, Frank ve April Wheeler’ın boğucu banliyö yaşantısıyla açık bir paralellik taşır. Oyunun temaları, özellikle April’ın gerçekleştiremediği hayalleri ve bastırılmış potansiyeliyle örtüşürken, Frank ve Shep gibi erkek karakterlerin yaşadığı duygusal durgunluk ve tatminsizlikle de derin bir bağ kurar. The Petrified Forest oyununun Bağımsızlık Yolu romanı içerisinde bilinçli bir biçimde yer alması, yalnızca bir “roman içinde oyun” işlevi görmekle kalmaz; aynı zamanda, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine, ev içi tutsaklığa ve alternatif yaşam ihtimallerine dair dönemin kültürel kaygılarını görünür kılmaktadır. Bu makalede Laurel Oyuncuları’nın The Petrified Forest oyununu sahneleme tercihinin, karakterlerin banliyö yaşamının tekdüzeliğinden kaçma arzusunu görünür kılan dramatik bir araç olarak nasıl işlev gördüğü değerlendirilmektedir. Söz konusu tiyatro prodüksiyonu, bir mise en abyme işlevi görerek gündelik yaşamın sahnelenmiş doğasını açığa çıkarır ve karakterlerin sahne aracılığıyla özgürlük fantezilerini bir anlığına da olsa deneyimlemelerine olanak tanır; ancak bu fanteziler, gerçeğe dönüşemeden yerini kaçınılmaz bir hayal kırıklığına bırakır. Romandaki teatral tercihler üzerinden yapılan bu inceleme, Wheeler çiftinin çıkış arayışını 20. yüzyıl ortası Amerikan kültürü bağlamına yerleştirmektedir. Bu kültürel bağlamda, bireysel ifadenin arzusu sahnelenir; fakat hiçbir zaman tam anlamıyla gerçekleşemez. Yates, bu çerçevede, II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemin baskıcı normlarını eleştirirken aynı zamanda bireysel özgürlük ve kendini gerçekleştirme yönündeki yaygın arzuyu da gözler önüne sermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adorno, T., & Horkheimer, M. (2018). The dialectic of enlightenment. In V. B. Leitch (Ed.), The Norton anthology of theory and criticism. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Butler, J. (2006). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
  • Castilho, M. T., & Pacheco, R. (2019). The “second lost generation”: A reading of suburban emptiness in Richard Yates’s Revolutionary Road. Via Panoramica: Revista de Estudos Anglo-Americanos, 3(8/2).
  • Coontz, S. (2007). The way we really are: Coming to terms with America’s changing families. Perseus Books Group.
  • Debord, G. (2021). The society of the spectacle. Critical Editions.
  • Ehrenreich, B. (1984). The hearts of men: American dreams and the flight from commitment. Anchor Books.
  • Frank, T. (2015). Commodify your dissent: Salvos from the baffler. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Goffman, E. (1990). The presentation of self in everyday life. Penguin.
  • Horowitz, D. (2015). American social classes in the 1950s: Selections from Vance Packard’s The status seekers. Bedford/St. Martin’s.
  • Jameson, F. (2018). Postmodernism and consumer society. In V. B. Leitch (Ed.), The Norton anthology of theory and criticism. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Jameson, F. (2010). Postmodernism, or, the cultural logic of late capitalism. Duke University Press.
  • Jones, K. (2014). Dismembering the American dream: The life and fiction of Richard Yates. University of Alabama Press.
  • Kobre, M. (2020). From The Evening Land to Route 12: The Moviegoer, Revolutionary Road, and the afterlives of novels. The Southern Literary Journal, 42(2), 53–70.
  • May, E. T. (2017). Homeward bound: American families in the cold war era. Basic Books.
  • Mayhew, J. (2015). Pantomimes of death within suburbia: Abject boredom in Yates’ Revolutionary Road, Lynch’s Blue Velvet, and Bowen’s “Attractive modern homes.” Interdisciplinary Literary Studies, 17(4), 617–634. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/intelitestud.17.4.0617
  • Mendes, S. (Director). (2008). Revolutionary Road [Film]. DreamWorks Distribution.
  • Raab, V. (2009). Revolutionary lunch. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/book-club/revolutionary-lunch
  • Richardson, C. (2010). The empty self in Revolutionary Road or: How I learned to stop worrying and love the blonde. European Journal of American Culture, 29(1), 5–18.
  • Sherwood, R. E. (1935). The Petrified Forest. Scribner.
  • Skolnick, A. (2023). Embattled paradise: The American family in an age of uncertainty. Basic Books.
  • Vavotici, F. (2020). “Being an instance of the norm”: Women, surveillance and guilt in Richard Yates’s Revolutionary Road. European Journal of American Studies, 15(2), 15847. https://doi.org/10.4000/ejas.15847
  • Voeltz, R. A. (2013). Love and death in 1950s suburbia: The novel and film Revolutionary Road. Moravian Journal of Literature and Film, 4(2), 5–18.
  • Wu, Y. (2024). Women’s bodily redemption in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road: An analysis from the perspectives of body narrative and feminist jurisprudence. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 14(9), 2976–2981. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1409.33
  • Wilhite, K. (2012). Contested terrain: The suburbs as region. American Literature, 84(3), 617–644.
  • Yates, R. (2009). Revolutionary Road. Vintage Books.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bilgi Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Vahit Yaşayan

Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 8 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.202581
IZ https://izlik.org/JA39KG62GF
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yaşayan, V. (2025). Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 27(2), 297-309. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.202581
AMA 1.Yaşayan V. Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2025;27(2):297-309. doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.202581
Chicago Yaşayan, Vahit. 2025. “Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 27 (2): 297-309. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.202581.
EndNote Yaşayan V (01 Aralık 2025) Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 27 2 297–309.
IEEE [1]V. Yaşayan, “Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road”, Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 27, sy 2, ss. 297–309, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.26468/trakyasobed.202581.
ISNAD Yaşayan, Vahit. “Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 27/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 297-309. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.202581.
JAMA 1.Yaşayan V. Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2025;27:297–309.
MLA Yaşayan, Vahit. “Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 27, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 297-09, doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.202581.
Vancouver 1.Vahit Yaşayan. Mise En Abyme of Escape: Theatrical Reflections, Performance, and the Illusion of Freedom in Richard Yates’ Revolutionary Road. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 01 Aralık 2025;27(2):297-309. doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.202581