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CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY

Yıl 2022, , 179 - 196, 06.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.749504

Öz

As a result of international developments, many communities had to "migrate" from their own country and tried to protect their existence by living their language and culture and transferring them to the next generations. However, some members of the immigrant communities returned to the land where they were born and migrated years later and tried to maintain this existence. Faced with immigration and Christian communities living in Turkey "Assyrians /Syriac" are also their native lands and those of their ancestors emigrated to European countries. The Assyrians were affected by both cultural changes with the migration phenomenon and the differences with their fellow countrymen who continued their lives by not migrating from the lands they lived in, along with the cultural units and changes they had acquired in the country they went to. In addition, the fact that this community was forced into the migration phenomenon by the Kurds living in the region and that they had to live together on their return was also discussed. With the return of the Assyrians, how the historical ties and cultures are similar among their citizens in the place they came from and what they have contributed to common life, the reflection of the past difficulties with the other ethnic element Kurds in the region, and the fact that they were examined in the light of the results obtained from one-on-one interviews in the field are the essence of this article.

Kaynakça

  • A Adaman, Fikret and Kaya, Ayhan (2012) Social Impact of Emigration and Rural-Urban Migration in Central and Eastern Europe- Final Country Report:Turkey, European Commission DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, April.
  • Ahmed, Syed Maruf (2012) ‘Migration Remittances and Household Development - Contribution of International Labor Migration and Remittances to Migrant Sending Households in Rural Bangladesh’, Lund University Master of International Development and Management, May.
  • Akyüz, Niyazi and Çapçıoğlu, İhsan (2008)- Ana Başlıklarıyla Din Sosyolojisi, Gündüz Eğitim ve Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Analiz Türkiye (Şubat, 2013), “Sayın Tuma Çelik Röportajı: “El Konulan Mallarımıza Sahip Çıkmaktan Daha Çok Kendimize Sahip Çıkma Sorunumuz Var””, Cilt I, Sayı 12, s.14-22, Türkiye Siyasi Analiz ve Araştırma Merkezi (AnalizTürkiye), Londra: AnalizTürkiye (http://researchturkey.org/?p=2742&lang=tr)
  • Arikan, Burçak (2011) “Syriac Transnational Politics: Activism from Europe Towards Homeland”, An Unpublished Master Thesis, Middle East Technical University, January.
  • Avci, Gamze (2005): Religion, Transnationalism and Turks in Europe, Turkish Studies, 6:2, 201-213
  • Aydın, Suavi; Emiroğlu, Kudret; Özel, Oktay; Ünsal, Süha (2000), Mardin: Aşiret-Cemaat-Devlet, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul
  • Bhatt, Wasudha & Roberts, Bryan R. (2012) ‘”Forbidden Return”: Return Migration in the Age of Restriction’, Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 10:2, 162-183.
  • Bilge, Yakup (1991) Assyrianlerin kökeni ve Türkiyeli Assyrianler, Zafer Matbaası, İstanbul
  • Biner, Zerrin Özlem (2011) Multiple imaginations of the state: understanding a mobile conflict about justice and accountability from the perspective of Syriac–Syriac communities, Citizenship Studies, 15:3-4, 367-379.
  • Bohác, Artur.(2010) “Syriac Ethnic Identity in a Globalizing World.” In Beyond Globalisation: Exploring the Limits of Globalisation in the Regional Context (conference proceedings), 67-72. Ostrava: University of Ostrava Czech Republic, http://conference.osu.eu/globalization/publ/08-bohac.pdf.
  • Brock, Sebastian P.; Taylor, David G.K.(2006) Saklı İnci,Cilt III.,Onur Ofset,İstanbul.
  • Çetin, İhsan(2007) Midyatta Etnik Gruplar, Yaba Yay.İstanbul
  • Cristina Bradatan, Adrian Popan & Rachel Melton (2010): Transnationality as a fluid social identity, Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture, 16:2, 169-178
  • Enneli, Pınar (2010) ‘Transnational Engagements and the Future Economic Aspirations of Turkish-speaking Young People in London’, Journal for Labour and Social Affairs in Eastern Europe, Vol. 13, No.4, pg.551-564.
  • Gaunt, David (2009) ‘Identity conflicts among Oriental Christian in Sweden’, International Conference on 'Cultural diversity, Multilingualism and Ethnic minorities in Sweden', 2-3 September, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Göyünç, Nejat (1991); XVI. Yüzyılda Mardin Sancağı, TTK Bas, Ankara
  • İris, Muzaffer(2003), Bütün Yönleriyle Assyrianler,Ekol Yayımcılık,İstanbul
  • Keser, Elif(2002) ,Tur Abdin Assyrian Ortodoks Dini Mimarisi, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı,İstanbul
  • King, Russell & Christou, Anastasia (2011): Of Counter-Diaspora and Reverse Transnationalism: Return Mobilities to and from the Ancestral Homeland, Mobilities, 6:4, 451-466
  • Mügge, Liza (2012) ‘Ideologies of nationhood in sending-state transnationalism: Comparing Surinam and Turkey’, Ethnicities, 0(0) 1–21
  • Özmen, Abdurrahim(2006), Tur Abdin Assyrianleri Örneğinde Etno-Kültürel Sınırlar, Ankara Ünv. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Halkbilim (Etnoloji) Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Ankara Perez-Jaramillo, Juan David (2009) ‘Returning Migration’, Revista de Negocios Internacionales, Vol.2, Nº. 2., Pp. 68-85.
  • Peter Kivisto (2001): Theorizing transnational immigration: a critical review of current efforts, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 24:4, 549-577
  • Phongsiri, Monchai and Thongyou, Maniemai (2012) ‘The Returning Thai Diaspora and Livelihood Strategies in Thai Society’, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 34 No 4 October, pp.671-683.
  • Portes, Alejandro, Guarnizo, Luis E. & Landolt, Patricia (1999): The study of transnationalism: pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22:2, 217-237.
  • RABO, GABRIEL (2005) “Assyrian Diasporasında Kiliseler ve Toplumsal Kuruluşlar”, Avrupa Birliği, Türkiye ve Assyrian Göçü Sempozyumu Istanbul, 26. Mayıs 2005, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Göç Araştırmaları ve Uygulamaları Merkezi’nin organize ettiği sempozyumuna sunulan bildiridir.
  • Ralph, David (2012) ‘Managing sameness and difference: the politics of belonging among Irish-born return migrants from the United States’, Social & Cultural Geography, 13:5, 445-460
  • Samur, Hakan (2009): Turkey’s Europeanization Process and The Return of the Assyrians, Turkish Studies, 10:3, 327-340.
  • Senay, Banu (2010) ‘Transnational Social Places, Transnational Identities: A Case of Australian Turks’ in Pinar Enneli, Rasim Ozgur Donmez and Nezahat Altuntas (eds.), Crossing and Conflicting Religious and Ethnic Identities in Turkey, Say Yayınları, Istanbul.
  • Seyfeli, Canan(2005); “Osmanlı Devlet Salnamelerinde Assyrianler (1847-1918)”, Assyrianler ve Assyrianlik I, (Hazırlayanlar: Ahmet Taşğın, Eyüp Tanrıverdi, Canan Seyfeli), Orient Yayınları, Ankara
  • Son Kale (2011) “AKP’nin Assyrian Adayı Cemaatini Karıştırdı”, 4 Nisan 2011, www. sonkale.org/akp-nin-suryani-adayi-cemaatini-karistirdi-h8041.html, (last access 26th of January, 2013).
  • Taşğın, Ahmet (2005); mak”Son Assyrian Göçü”, Assyrianler ve Assyrianlik, c.4,Orient Yayınları, Ankara
  • Thomas Faist (2000): Transnationalization in international migration: implications for the study of citizenship and culture, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23:2, 189-222.
  • Vanhonacker, Wilfried R.; Zweig, David and Chung, Siu Fung (2005) ‘Transnational or Social Capital? Returnee Versus Local Entrepreneurs’, Working Paper No. 7, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, May.
  • Yan, Miu Chung; Lauer, Sean; Lam Ching Man and Chan, Sherman (2012) ‘Return Migrant or Diaspora: An Exploratory Study of New Generation Chinese-Canadian Youth Working in Hong Kong’, Metropolis British Columbia - Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Diversity Working Paper Series, No. 12-13, September.

ULUS ÖTESİ DENEYİMLERLE İLGİLİ OLARAK 'BAŞKALARININ' İNŞASI: TÜRKİYE'DE YAŞAYAN ASUR TOPLUMUNDA KALANLAR ve GERİ DÖNENLER ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2022, , 179 - 196, 06.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.749504

Öz

Uluslararası gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak, birçok topluluk kendi ülkelerinden "göç etmek" zorunda kaldı ve dil ve kültürlerini yaşayarak ve gelecek nesillere aktararak varlıklarını korumaya çalıştılar. Bununla birlikte, göçmen topluluklarının bazı üyeleri yıllar sonra doğdukları ve göç ettikleri ülkeye döndüler ve bu varlığı sürdürmeye çalıştılar. Türkiye'de yaşayan göçmenler ve Hıristiyan topluluklarla karşı karşıya kalan "Asurlular/Süryaniler" de kendi doğdukları ve ata toprakları olan Avrupa ülkelerine göç ettiler. Asurlular, gittikleri ülkede edindikleri kültürel birimler ve değişiklikler ile birlikte hem göç olgusundaki kültürel değişimlerden hem de yaşadıkları topraklardan göç etmeyerek yaşamlarını sürdüren diğer vatandaşlarıyla olan değişikliklerden etkilenmişlerdir. Ayrıca, bu toplumun bölgede yaşayan Kürtler tarafından göç olgusuna zorlanması ve geri dönüşlerinde birlikte yaşamak zorunda kalmaları da tartışıldı. Asurluların geri dönüşüyle, tarihi bağlar ve kültürlerin vatandaşları arasından geldikleri yerde nasıl benzer oldukları ve ortak yaşama katkıları, geçmişteki zorlukların bölgedeki diğer etnik unsur Kürtlerle yansıması ve bu alandaki birebir görüşmelerden elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında incelenmiş olmaları bu makalenin özüdür.

Kaynakça

  • A Adaman, Fikret and Kaya, Ayhan (2012) Social Impact of Emigration and Rural-Urban Migration in Central and Eastern Europe- Final Country Report:Turkey, European Commission DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, April.
  • Ahmed, Syed Maruf (2012) ‘Migration Remittances and Household Development - Contribution of International Labor Migration and Remittances to Migrant Sending Households in Rural Bangladesh’, Lund University Master of International Development and Management, May.
  • Akyüz, Niyazi and Çapçıoğlu, İhsan (2008)- Ana Başlıklarıyla Din Sosyolojisi, Gündüz Eğitim ve Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Analiz Türkiye (Şubat, 2013), “Sayın Tuma Çelik Röportajı: “El Konulan Mallarımıza Sahip Çıkmaktan Daha Çok Kendimize Sahip Çıkma Sorunumuz Var””, Cilt I, Sayı 12, s.14-22, Türkiye Siyasi Analiz ve Araştırma Merkezi (AnalizTürkiye), Londra: AnalizTürkiye (http://researchturkey.org/?p=2742&lang=tr)
  • Arikan, Burçak (2011) “Syriac Transnational Politics: Activism from Europe Towards Homeland”, An Unpublished Master Thesis, Middle East Technical University, January.
  • Avci, Gamze (2005): Religion, Transnationalism and Turks in Europe, Turkish Studies, 6:2, 201-213
  • Aydın, Suavi; Emiroğlu, Kudret; Özel, Oktay; Ünsal, Süha (2000), Mardin: Aşiret-Cemaat-Devlet, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul
  • Bhatt, Wasudha & Roberts, Bryan R. (2012) ‘”Forbidden Return”: Return Migration in the Age of Restriction’, Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 10:2, 162-183.
  • Bilge, Yakup (1991) Assyrianlerin kökeni ve Türkiyeli Assyrianler, Zafer Matbaası, İstanbul
  • Biner, Zerrin Özlem (2011) Multiple imaginations of the state: understanding a mobile conflict about justice and accountability from the perspective of Syriac–Syriac communities, Citizenship Studies, 15:3-4, 367-379.
  • Bohác, Artur.(2010) “Syriac Ethnic Identity in a Globalizing World.” In Beyond Globalisation: Exploring the Limits of Globalisation in the Regional Context (conference proceedings), 67-72. Ostrava: University of Ostrava Czech Republic, http://conference.osu.eu/globalization/publ/08-bohac.pdf.
  • Brock, Sebastian P.; Taylor, David G.K.(2006) Saklı İnci,Cilt III.,Onur Ofset,İstanbul.
  • Çetin, İhsan(2007) Midyatta Etnik Gruplar, Yaba Yay.İstanbul
  • Cristina Bradatan, Adrian Popan & Rachel Melton (2010): Transnationality as a fluid social identity, Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture, 16:2, 169-178
  • Enneli, Pınar (2010) ‘Transnational Engagements and the Future Economic Aspirations of Turkish-speaking Young People in London’, Journal for Labour and Social Affairs in Eastern Europe, Vol. 13, No.4, pg.551-564.
  • Gaunt, David (2009) ‘Identity conflicts among Oriental Christian in Sweden’, International Conference on 'Cultural diversity, Multilingualism and Ethnic minorities in Sweden', 2-3 September, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Göyünç, Nejat (1991); XVI. Yüzyılda Mardin Sancağı, TTK Bas, Ankara
  • İris, Muzaffer(2003), Bütün Yönleriyle Assyrianler,Ekol Yayımcılık,İstanbul
  • Keser, Elif(2002) ,Tur Abdin Assyrian Ortodoks Dini Mimarisi, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı,İstanbul
  • King, Russell & Christou, Anastasia (2011): Of Counter-Diaspora and Reverse Transnationalism: Return Mobilities to and from the Ancestral Homeland, Mobilities, 6:4, 451-466
  • Mügge, Liza (2012) ‘Ideologies of nationhood in sending-state transnationalism: Comparing Surinam and Turkey’, Ethnicities, 0(0) 1–21
  • Özmen, Abdurrahim(2006), Tur Abdin Assyrianleri Örneğinde Etno-Kültürel Sınırlar, Ankara Ünv. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Halkbilim (Etnoloji) Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Ankara Perez-Jaramillo, Juan David (2009) ‘Returning Migration’, Revista de Negocios Internacionales, Vol.2, Nº. 2., Pp. 68-85.
  • Peter Kivisto (2001): Theorizing transnational immigration: a critical review of current efforts, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 24:4, 549-577
  • Phongsiri, Monchai and Thongyou, Maniemai (2012) ‘The Returning Thai Diaspora and Livelihood Strategies in Thai Society’, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 34 No 4 October, pp.671-683.
  • Portes, Alejandro, Guarnizo, Luis E. & Landolt, Patricia (1999): The study of transnationalism: pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22:2, 217-237.
  • RABO, GABRIEL (2005) “Assyrian Diasporasında Kiliseler ve Toplumsal Kuruluşlar”, Avrupa Birliği, Türkiye ve Assyrian Göçü Sempozyumu Istanbul, 26. Mayıs 2005, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, Göç Araştırmaları ve Uygulamaları Merkezi’nin organize ettiği sempozyumuna sunulan bildiridir.
  • Ralph, David (2012) ‘Managing sameness and difference: the politics of belonging among Irish-born return migrants from the United States’, Social & Cultural Geography, 13:5, 445-460
  • Samur, Hakan (2009): Turkey’s Europeanization Process and The Return of the Assyrians, Turkish Studies, 10:3, 327-340.
  • Senay, Banu (2010) ‘Transnational Social Places, Transnational Identities: A Case of Australian Turks’ in Pinar Enneli, Rasim Ozgur Donmez and Nezahat Altuntas (eds.), Crossing and Conflicting Religious and Ethnic Identities in Turkey, Say Yayınları, Istanbul.
  • Seyfeli, Canan(2005); “Osmanlı Devlet Salnamelerinde Assyrianler (1847-1918)”, Assyrianler ve Assyrianlik I, (Hazırlayanlar: Ahmet Taşğın, Eyüp Tanrıverdi, Canan Seyfeli), Orient Yayınları, Ankara
  • Son Kale (2011) “AKP’nin Assyrian Adayı Cemaatini Karıştırdı”, 4 Nisan 2011, www. sonkale.org/akp-nin-suryani-adayi-cemaatini-karistirdi-h8041.html, (last access 26th of January, 2013).
  • Taşğın, Ahmet (2005); mak”Son Assyrian Göçü”, Assyrianler ve Assyrianlik, c.4,Orient Yayınları, Ankara
  • Thomas Faist (2000): Transnationalization in international migration: implications for the study of citizenship and culture, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23:2, 189-222.
  • Vanhonacker, Wilfried R.; Zweig, David and Chung, Siu Fung (2005) ‘Transnational or Social Capital? Returnee Versus Local Entrepreneurs’, Working Paper No. 7, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, May.
  • Yan, Miu Chung; Lauer, Sean; Lam Ching Man and Chan, Sherman (2012) ‘Return Migrant or Diaspora: An Exploratory Study of New Generation Chinese-Canadian Youth Working in Hong Kong’, Metropolis British Columbia - Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Diversity Working Paper Series, No. 12-13, September.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Cem Zafer 0000-0002-0285-2755

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Zafer, C. (2022). CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.749504
AMA Zafer C. CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. Haziran 2022;24(1):179-196. doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.749504
Chicago Zafer, Cem. “CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 179-96. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.749504.
EndNote Zafer C (01 Haziran 2022) CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 1 179–196.
IEEE C. Zafer, “CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY”, Trakya University Journal of Social Science, c. 24, sy. 1, ss. 179–196, 2022, doi: 10.26468/trakyasobed.749504.
ISNAD Zafer, Cem. “CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24/1 (Haziran 2022), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.749504.
JAMA Zafer C. CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2022;24:179–196.
MLA Zafer, Cem. “CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 179-96, doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.749504.
Vancouver Zafer C. CONSTRUCTION OF ‘OTHERS’ IN RELATION TO TRANSNATIONAL EXPERIENCES: THE CASE OF STAYERS AND RETURNEES IN THE ASSYRIAN COMMUNITY LIVING IN TURKEY. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2022;24(1):179-96.
Resim

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