A new and objective test to evaluate functions of the semicircular canals: A review of video head impulse test

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 5, 241 - 250, 13.11.2017

Numan Kokten Servet Karaca Armağan İncesulu Mahmut Tayyar Kalcıoğlu

Öz

Vertigo is an illusion of motion that is frequently encountered in the practice of otolaryngology and which the patient perceives as either a self-rotation or the rotation of the surroundings. Due to the fact that numerous peripheral- or central-based diseases may emerge with vertigo, it is important to establish a definitive diagnosis and evaluate the patient promptly with a reliable test. Balance receptors are located in the ampulla of each of the three semicircular canals in both ears and in the macula of the utricle and saccule, also named as the otolith organs. Semicircular canals are sensitive to angular acceleration whereas otolith organs are sensitive to static tilt and dynamic linear accelerations. Vestibuloocular reflex ensures the stabilization of vision in the eye during head movements by stimulating eye movement at equal velocity in the opposite direction of the head movement. On account of its natural stimulus usage, easy and prompt administration, patient adaptation, and high sensitivity in showing the vestibular lesions, video head impulse test has become popular in recent years in the evaluation of patients with vertigo. In this review, we studied the fields and manner of application as well as the interpretation of the video head impulse test.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diagnosis, vertigo, video head impulse test

Semisirküler kanalların fonksiyonlarının değerlendirilmesinde yeni, objektif bir test: Video baş savurma testi ile ilgili bir derleme

Öz

Vertigo, kulak burun boğaz pratiğinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan ve hastanın kendisinin veya çevresinin döndüğü şeklinde algıladığı bir hareket ilizyonudur. Birçok periferik veya santral kaynaklı hastalık vertigo ile ortaya çıkabildiğinden, ayırıcı tanının yapılması ve objektif bir testle hastanın hızlıca değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Denge reseptörleri her iki kulakta üçer adet semisirküler kanal ampullasında ve otolit organlar olarak da adlandırılan utrikulus ve sakkulus makülasında yerleşiktir. Semisürküler kanallar açısal, otolit organlar ise statik eğilme ve dinamik doğrusal hızlanmalara karşı duyarlıdır. Vestibülooküler refleks kafa hareketleri esnasında kafanın hareketine eşit hızda karşı tarafa göz hareketi sağlayarak görüntünün gözde sabit kalmasını sağlar. Doğal uyarı kullanımı, kolay ve hızlı bir şekilde uygulanabilmesi, hastanın uyumu ve vestibüler lezyonları göstermedeki yüksek duyarlılığı sayesinde video baş savurma testi son yıllarda vertigolu hastaların değerlendirmesinde popüler hale gelmiştir. Bu derlemede video baş savurma testinin uygulama alanları ve şekli ile yorumlanışı irdelendi

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tanı, vertigo, video baş savurma testi

Kaynakça

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