BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of COVID-19

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 10.05.2020

Öz

The pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan province of China in late December 2019 affected the whole world, and it was soon declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. It was understood that a new type of coronavirus 2019-nCoV , called COVID-19, was caused by the symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath. The incubation period of the pathogen transmitted by the droplets of infected patients varies between 2 and 14 days. Although the disease has a lower mortality than previous severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS outbreaks, it has threatened all humanity with a serious need for intensive care and increased death reports. In particular, those with comorbidities, children, elderly, and healthcare professionals are at a great risk. The precautions have not been able to fully control the virus, since no specific treatment or vaccine has been found yet. In this review, we discuss the virology, epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in the light of literature data.

Kaynakça

  • Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, Yang Z. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:44-8.
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-33.
  • Li X, Wang W, Zhao X, Zai J, Zhao Q, Li Y, et al. Transmission dynamics and evolutionary history of 2019-nCoV. J Med Virol 2020;92:501-11.
  • World Health Organization Press Conference. The World Health Organization (WHO) Has O cially Named the Disease Caused by the Novel Coronavirus as COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 [Accessed: February 11, 2020]
  • Jin Y, Yang H, Ji W, Wu W, Chen S, Zhang W, et al. Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19. Viruses 2020;12:E372.
  • World Health Organization Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID- 19-11 March 2020. Available at: https://www.who. int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s- openingremarks- at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19--- 11-march-2020 [Accessed: March 11, 2020]
  • World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Situation Reports. Update on 24 April 2020 Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200424- sitrep-95-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=e8065831_4 [Accessed: April 23, 2020]
  • Sahu KK, Mishra AK, Lal A. COVID-2019: update on epidemiology, disease spread and management. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2020;90.
  • General Office of National Health Commission; General Office of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Diagnostic and treatment protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia; (Trial version 6). Available at: http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653 p/202002/8334a8326dd94d329df351d7da8aefc2.shtml: [Accessed: February 20, 2020]
  • Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature 2020;579:265-9.
  • Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, et al. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res.2000;87:E1-9.
  • Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus. J Virol 2020;94:e00127-20.
  • Panayiotakopoulos G, Sourvinos G, Tsiodras S. Full- genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event. Infect Genet Evol 2020;79:104212.
  • Lam TTY, Shum MHH, Zhu HC, Tong YG, Ni XB, Liao YS, et al. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv 2020.02.13.945485.
  • Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, et al. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med 2020;172:577-82.
  • van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1564-7.
  • Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 2020;9:51-60.
  • Sebastian B, Hoffmann C. Covid Referance third edition Avalible at: https://covidreference.com/ epidemiology [Accessed: April 21, 2020]
  • (2019-nCoV), Situation Report 1. 21 January 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/ coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019- ncov.pdf [Accessed: March 25, 2020]
  • Di Gennaro F, Pizzol D, Marotta C, Antunes M, Racalbuto V, Veronese N, et al. Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:E2690.
  • Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID- 19) in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020;41:145-51.
  • World Health Organization. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Available at: https://www.who.int/ csr/sars/en/ [Accessed: March 24, 2020]
  • World Health Organization. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/ [Accessed: March 23, 2020]
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, April 23, 2020 Available at: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang Jet al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323:1061-9.
  • Pan Zhai, Yanbing Ding, Xia Wu, Junke Long, Yanjun Zhong, Yiming Li The epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. Avalible at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0924857920301059 [Accessed: March 28, 2020]
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497- 506.
  • Mali SN, Pratapb AP, Thorat BR. The Rise of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19): A Recent Update and Potential Therapeutic Candidates EJMO 2020;4:35-41.
  • Chen Cheng, Zhang Xiaorong, Ju Zhenyu, He WF Mechanism of cytokine storm caused by novel coronavirus pneumonia and related immunotherapy research progress [J / OL]. Chinese Journal of Burns, 2020, 36 (2020-03-02). Available at: http: //rs.yiigle. com/yufabiao/1183285.htm.
  • Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, Yang Z. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:44-8.
  • Yang Y, Yang M, Shen C, Wang F, Yuan J, Li J, et al. Evaluating the accuracy of different respiratory specimens in the laboratory diagnosis and monitoring the viral shedding of 2019-nCoV infections. medRxiv 2020.02.11.20021493.
  • Liu R, Han H, Liu F, Lv Z, Wu K, Liu Y, et al. Positive rate of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4880 cases from one hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020. Clin Chim Acta 2020;505:172-5.
  • Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J, Lin M, Ying L, Pang P, et al. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 2020:200432.
  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology 2020:200642.
  • Chung M, Bernheim A, Mei X, Zhang N, Huang M, Zeng X, et al. CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Radiology 2020;295:202-7.
  • Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1708-20.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395:1054-62.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Available at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/ COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf [Accessed: April 23, 2020]
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 10.05.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, Yang Z. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:44-8.
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-33.
  • Li X, Wang W, Zhao X, Zai J, Zhao Q, Li Y, et al. Transmission dynamics and evolutionary history of 2019-nCoV. J Med Virol 2020;92:501-11.
  • World Health Organization Press Conference. The World Health Organization (WHO) Has O cially Named the Disease Caused by the Novel Coronavirus as COVID-19. Available at: https://www.who.int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 [Accessed: February 11, 2020]
  • Jin Y, Yang H, Ji W, Wu W, Chen S, Zhang W, et al. Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19. Viruses 2020;12:E372.
  • World Health Organization Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID- 19-11 March 2020. Available at: https://www.who. int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s- openingremarks- at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19--- 11-march-2020 [Accessed: March 11, 2020]
  • World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Situation Reports. Update on 24 April 2020 Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200424- sitrep-95-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=e8065831_4 [Accessed: April 23, 2020]
  • Sahu KK, Mishra AK, Lal A. COVID-2019: update on epidemiology, disease spread and management. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2020;90.
  • General Office of National Health Commission; General Office of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Diagnostic and treatment protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia; (Trial version 6). Available at: http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653 p/202002/8334a8326dd94d329df351d7da8aefc2.shtml: [Accessed: February 20, 2020]
  • Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature 2020;579:265-9.
  • Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, et al. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res.2000;87:E1-9.
  • Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus. J Virol 2020;94:e00127-20.
  • Panayiotakopoulos G, Sourvinos G, Tsiodras S. Full- genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event. Infect Genet Evol 2020;79:104212.
  • Lam TTY, Shum MHH, Zhu HC, Tong YG, Ni XB, Liao YS, et al. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv 2020.02.13.945485.
  • Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, Jones FK, Zheng Q, Meredith HR, et al. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med 2020;172:577-82.
  • van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1564-7.
  • Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr 2020;9:51-60.
  • Sebastian B, Hoffmann C. Covid Referance third edition Avalible at: https://covidreference.com/ epidemiology [Accessed: April 21, 2020]
  • (2019-nCoV), Situation Report 1. 21 January 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/ coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019- ncov.pdf [Accessed: March 25, 2020]
  • Di Gennaro F, Pizzol D, Marotta C, Antunes M, Racalbuto V, Veronese N, et al. Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:E2690.
  • Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID- 19) in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020;41:145-51.
  • World Health Organization. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Available at: https://www.who.int/ csr/sars/en/ [Accessed: March 24, 2020]
  • World Health Organization. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/ [Accessed: March 23, 2020]
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, April 23, 2020 Available at: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang Jet al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323:1061-9.
  • Pan Zhai, Yanbing Ding, Xia Wu, Junke Long, Yanjun Zhong, Yiming Li The epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. Avalible at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0924857920301059 [Accessed: March 28, 2020]
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497- 506.
  • Mali SN, Pratapb AP, Thorat BR. The Rise of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19): A Recent Update and Potential Therapeutic Candidates EJMO 2020;4:35-41.
  • Chen Cheng, Zhang Xiaorong, Ju Zhenyu, He WF Mechanism of cytokine storm caused by novel coronavirus pneumonia and related immunotherapy research progress [J / OL]. Chinese Journal of Burns, 2020, 36 (2020-03-02). Available at: http: //rs.yiigle. com/yufabiao/1183285.htm.
  • Wu D, Wu T, Liu Q, Yang Z. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: What we know. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:44-8.
  • Yang Y, Yang M, Shen C, Wang F, Yuan J, Li J, et al. Evaluating the accuracy of different respiratory specimens in the laboratory diagnosis and monitoring the viral shedding of 2019-nCoV infections. medRxiv 2020.02.11.20021493.
  • Liu R, Han H, Liu F, Lv Z, Wu K, Liu Y, et al. Positive rate of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4880 cases from one hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020. Clin Chim Acta 2020;505:172-5.
  • Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J, Lin M, Ying L, Pang P, et al. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 2020:200432.
  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology 2020:200642.
  • Chung M, Bernheim A, Mei X, Zhang N, Huang M, Zeng X, et al. CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Radiology 2020;295:202-7.
  • Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1708-20.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395:1054-62.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Available at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/ COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf [Accessed: April 23, 2020]
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Saim Pamuk Bu kişi benim

Ahmet Özkan Bu kişi benim

Beldan Polat Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Pamuk, S., Özkan, A., & Polat, B. (2020). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of COVID-19. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, 30(1), 1-9.
AMA Pamuk S, Özkan A, Polat B. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Tr-ENT. Mayıs 2020;30(1):1-9.
Chicago Pamuk, Saim, Ahmet Özkan, ve Beldan Polat. “Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 30, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2020): 1-9.
EndNote Pamuk S, Özkan A, Polat B (01 Mayıs 2020) Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of COVID-19. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 30 1 1–9.
IEEE S. Pamuk, A. Özkan, ve B. Polat, “Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of COVID-19”, Tr-ENT, c. 30, sy. 1, ss. 1–9, 2020.
ISNAD Pamuk, Saim vd. “Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat 30/1 (Mayıs 2020), 1-9.
JAMA Pamuk S, Özkan A, Polat B. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Tr-ENT. 2020;30:1–9.
MLA Pamuk, Saim vd. “Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19”. The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat, c. 30, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 1-9.
Vancouver Pamuk S, Özkan A, Polat B. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Tr-ENT. 2020;30(1):1-9.