SYRIAN CHILD WORKERS WORKING IN TEXTILE WORKSHOPS: A FIELD RESEARCH IN BAGCILAR, ISTANBUL

Öz

The aim of this research is to examine the working and living conditions of Syrian children aged 15 and younger, working in textile workshops in Bağcılar region, from the perspective of social services. The research period is 6 months in total, from November 1, 2017 to April 30, 2018. The research employed in-depth interview method from qualitative research methods. During the research, 32 people were individually interviewed, and 1 focus group discussion was held, thus a total of 35 people were interviewed. Interviews were conducted in Turkish, Arabic and Kurdish. The data were recorded with tape recorder and then analyzed with descriptive analysis method. Observation notes for the field were also included in the study.

According to the findings of the research, child workers work on average 11 hours a day, 60 hours a week. The wages of participants vary between 500-1,200 TL. Long working hours, difficulties in working conditions and malnutrition have led to many illnesses (developmental disorders (height, weight), asthma, arthralgia (pain in the joints), fainting fit, etc.) in participants. Participants also reported continuous exposure to physical violence (slapping, ear-pulling, throwing scissors, slapping, hitting with screwdriver, etc.) and verbal violence (insults, swearing, firing, etc.). Male and younger participants were found to be exposed to more physical violence. Participants stated that they had to share the economic burden of their families and thus felt compelled to work. There is a greater sense of responsibility in families where the father is absent or sick.

According to research data, most of the participants feel nostalgia (longing for the past) and feel despair for the future. Participants sometimes felt that they were being excluded and alienated. Participants all reported that they wanted to go to school, get a job, and get involved in local culture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : child labor,textile,Syrian children workers,immigration

Kaynakça

1. Çobaner, Aslıhan Ardıç (2015); Çocuk Hakları Bağlamında Suriyeli Mülteci Çocukların Haberlerde Temsili (Representation of Syrian Refugee Children in News in the Context ofChildren Right), Marmara İletişim Dergisi, Year: 2015 • Sayı / Issue: 24 ss/pp. 27-54.
2. Çöpoğlu Mustafa (2018); Bir Kısır Döngü: Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Çocuk İşçiliği, İşsizlik (A Vicious Circle: Child Labor and Unemployment in the World and Turkey), Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Journal of Social Sciences) 6 (5) 671-685.
3. Duyar İzzet &Özener Barış (2003); Çocuk İşçiler Çarpık Gelişen Bedenler, Ütopya Yayınevi, Ankara.
4. Erol, E. ve ark (2017); Suriyeli Göçmen Emeği- İstanbul Tekstil Sektörü Araştırması, Birleşik Metal İşçileri Sendikası (DİSK), Birleşik Me Geçici Koruma Sağlanan Yabancıların Çalışma İzinlerine Dair Yönetmelik
5. Güneş,G (2012).Çocuk Hakları Açısından Türkiye’deki Sığınmacı Çocuklar; Çeçen Çocukları Örneği. Yalova.
6. Harunoğulları Muazzez (2016); Suriyeli Sığınmacı Çocuk İşçiler ve Sorunları: Kilis Örneği (Syrian Refugee Child Workers and Problems: Kilis Case), Göç Dergisi (Migration Journal), Vol: 3 Issue: 1 pp 29-63.
7. ILO, Global Estimates of Child Laber, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_575499.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 10.05.2018).
8. Karataş Z (2015); Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (Qualitative Research Methods in Social Sciences), Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırma Dergisi (Journal of Spiritual Social Work Research) Volume 1, Number 1.

9. Kireçdağ Nihat (2017); Antakya’da Bir Alan Araştırmasına Dayalı Gözlemler: Suriyeli Sığınmacı Çocuk İşçiler (The Observations Based on a Field Survey in Antioch: The Syrian Refugee Children in Employment), Türk Tabipler Birliği Meslek Sağlık ve Güvenlik Dergisi (Turkish Journal of Occupational Health and Safety).
10. Kulaksız, Y. (2014) Yoksulluk Bağlamında Çocuk İşgücü (Child Labor in the Context of Poverty), Çalışma Dünyası Dergisi (Journal of Labor World), September-December 2014, Volume 2, Issue 1.
11. SETA (2017); Engelleri Aşmak: Türkiye’de Suriyeli Çocukları Okullaştırmak, Seta Yayınları, İstanbul.Snoubar, Yaser (2016); Mülteci Kampları Dışında Yaşayan Mülteci Çocukların Uğradıkları Hak İhlalleri ve Çocuk Koruma Politika Önerileri (Violations of Rights of Refugee Children Living Outside Refugee Camps and Child Protection Policy), International Symposium on Migration &Culture.
12. TÜİK (2012); Çalışan Çocuklar Working Child http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Kitap.do?metod=KitapDetay&KT_ID=8&KITAP_ID=133,(Erişim Tarihi 15. 05. 2018).
13. TÜİK (2017); https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/turkiye-istatistik-kurumu-baskanligi-tuikUnicef, accessed on July, 2018, www.unicefturk.org/yazi/acil-durum-turkiyedeki-suriyeli-cocuklar (Erişim Tarihi 11.05.2018).
14. Yalçın Sezen (2016); içinde Türkiye’de Çocuk İşçiliği Sorunu “Suriye’den gelen mülteci sonrası mevcut durum ve çözüm önerileri” (Child Labor Problem in Turkey "Current situation and solutions after the Syraian refugees") Hayata Destek Derneği Konferans Raporu
15. Yüksel, M , Adıgüzel, O , Yüksel, H . (2015). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Sosyal Politika Temelinde Dezavantajlı Bir Grup Olarak Çocuk İşçiler Realitesi (ON THE BASIS OF SOCIAL POLICY, THEREALITY of CHILD LABOUR AS A DISADVANTAGEDGROUP IN THE WORLD and IN TURKEY). Journal of Kastamonu UniversityFaculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 6 (4).
16. Labor Law No. 4857; http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.4857.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi 10. 05. 2018).
17. 5510 Sayılı Sosyal Sigortalar ve Genel Sağlık Sigortası Kanunu, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2006/06/20060616-1.htm, (Erişim Tarihi 14. 05. 2018).