Brain and Liver Histopathological Examination of Carassius gibelio from A Newly Reconstructed Lake with Toxic Cyanobacteria

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, - , 07.07.2014

Berillis Panagiotis Papadimitriou Theodoti Petridou Evi Kormas Konstantinos Kagalou Ifigenia

https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_23

Öz

Lake Karla, Greece, is a partially reconstructed lake. The lake's water filling process started in September 2009. Existing evidence based on the prevailing microorganisms and cyanotoxin levels in the lake in 2010 suggested that the lake could have a negative effect on its biota. By investigating whether Carassius gibelio individuals bear brain and liver histopathological findings, this study complements the data now available from the first year of L. Karla's reconstruction. Based on the 16S rRNA gene diversity, the potentially toxic cyanobacteria Anabaenopsis sp. and Planktothrix were shown to be present in the lake's water in May 2011. C. gibelio specimens were collected a month later. Histopathological alterations in the liver of the individuals, namely picnotic nuclei, loss of structure and hemorrhagic regions, were detected by microscopic examination. Picnotic nuclei, loss of the liver structure and hemorrhagic regions were detected. These alterations may be associated with the occurrence of cyanobacterial toxins possibly produced by the potentially toxic cyanobacterial species found in the water column. No alterations were found in the brain, probably due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brain, Carassius gibelio, cyanobacterial toxins, Lake Karla, liver More: Full Text (PDF - 1

Kaynakça

• Closest known relative KRL3-AM1 5% Clone LiUU-11-276 (100%) (HQ386368) Lake water GENBANK , unpublished Anabaenopsis nadsonii (100%) (FM177482)
• KRL3-AM2 4% Oscillatoria sp. (99%) (AJ133106) Lake water GENBANK , unpublished _ KRL3AM19 4% Clone NV1_CYA_1_2 (99%) (FJ204888) Lake water GENBANK , unpublished Mastigocladopsis sp. (89%) (DQ235802) KRL3AM11 3,1% Clone SSW9Ap (98%) (EU592382) Brackish waters Dillon et al. (2009) Limnothrix sp. (92%) (AF212922) KRL3AM14 1% Symphyonemopsis sp. (98%) (AJ544085) Cave Gügger et al (2004) _ KRL3AM33 1% Clone 4550-27F (99%) (FR648052) Sea water Sjostedt et al. (2012) Synechococcus sp. (98%) (AY151238)
• KRL3-AM6 1% Clone 2S8 (99%) (GU074287) Freshwater AizenbergGershtein et al. (2012) _
• Figure 1. Histological sections of Carassius gibelio’s brain. A. The brain tissue showed normal histological architect without any indication of deformities. B. No erythrocytes were detected in the outer space of the brain blood vessels (arrows). Bar=100 μm. a thickness of three or more cells were noted. It can be signs of indicative hyperplasia or a possible early stage neoplasia. Hepatocytes contained large cytoplasmic vacuoles (clear regions in hepatocyte cytoplasm), while the portal tracks appeared to be normal without cirrhosis signs. Liver observation under the scanning electron microscope revealed damage to many of the cells’ plasma membranes (Figure 3), which appeared to be broken and punctured on their surface (Figure 3). These cells can be described as necrotic cells. Discussion Lake Karla is already known to host intense cynobacterial blooms, and the toxins produced have been found in Cyprinus carpio tissues (Papadimitriou et al., 2013). For this reason, in this study we aimed at investigating whether there were any histopathological findings in another fish species existing in the lake, i.e. Carassius gibelio. At the same time, we confirmed the existence of potentially toxic cyanobacterial species by 16S rRNA gene diversity and measurement of MCYSTs concentrations, already known to prevail in the lake
• (Papadimitriou et al., 2013). A MCYSTs level of 20 μg MCYST-LR /L represents a guideline value for a moderate health risk in recreational waters (WHO, 1998). This concentration is equivalent to 100,000 cyanobacterial cells per ml, or approximately 50 μg/L chlorophyll-a if cyanobacteria, and especially Microcystis sp. dominate. It is 20 times higher than the WHO provisional Guideline Value concentration for microcystin- LR drinking water of 1 μg/L (WHO, 1998). MCYSTs values for Lake Karla (Table 2) were below the WHO Guide level for recreational waters, but much higher than the WHO Guide level for drinking water.
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