BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation during Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.)

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, - , 01.06.2013

Nihan Arığ Cüneyt Süzer Alize Gökvardar Fatih Başaran Deniz Çoban Şükrü Yıldırım H. Okan Kamacı Kürşat Fırat Şahin Saka

https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_03

Öz

In this study, the effects of administration of commercial probiotic, Bacillus sp., were examined on growth parameters and digestive proteases (alkaline and acid proteases) activities in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, during larval development until on day 40. Probiotics were supplementedin triplicate from on day 3 coinciding with starting of exogenous feeding. In the experimental group, probiotic was introduced to rotifer and tank water until 20 days after hatching. Also, control group did not receive probiotic. In experimental group, the specific activities of alkaline protease was significantly higher (p<0.05) in larvae compared to control group. Acid protease activity was not effected by probiotic supplementation however, it was relatively higher in experimental group than the control (P>0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were found in both survival (8.5% higher) and specific growth rate (0.7% higher) larvae of S. aurata that had probiotic supplemented by rotifer with water as compared to controls (P>0.05). Consequently, specific activities of alkaline and acid protease could be significantly increased by the administration of Bacillus sp. to live food with water the and therefore; this method would be more effective for obtaining of relatively better growth parameters and nutritional condition in S. aurata larvae.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bacillus Probiotic digestive enzyme activity growth survival Sparus aurata. Probiotik (Bacillus sp.) Eklenmesinin Çipura (Sparus aurata L.) Larvalarında Gelişime Olan Etkileri

Kaynakça

  • Anson, M.L. 1938. The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain and cathepsin with hemoglobin. Journal of General Physiology, 22: 79–89.
  • Avella, M.A., Gioacchini, G., Decamp, O., Makridis, P., Bracciatelli, C. and Carnevali, O. 2010. Application of multi–species of Bacillus in sea bream larviculture. Aquaculture, 305: 12– doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2010.03.029, Bairagi, A., Ghosh, K.S., Sen, S.K., Ray, A.K. 2002. Enzyme producing bacterial flora isolated from fish digestive tracts. Aquaculture International, 10: 109– 1 doi: 10.1023/A:1021355406412
  • Balcázar, J.L., Blas, I., Ruiz-Zarzuela, I., Cunningham, D., Vendrell, D., Mşzquiz, J.L. 2006. The role of probiotics in aquaculture. Veterinary Microbiology, 114: 173–186. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.01.009
  • Bradford M.M. 1976. A rapid sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72: 248–254.
  • Díaz–Rosales, P., Salinas, I., Rodríguez, A., Cuesta, A., Chabrillón, M., Balebona, M.C., Morinigo, M.Á., Esteban, M.Á. and Meseguer, J. 2006. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) innate immune response after dietary administration of heat–inactivated potential probiotics. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 20: 482–492. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.06.007
  • Dimitroglou, A., Merrifield, D.L., Carnevali, O., Picchietti, S., Avella, M., Daniels, C., Guroy, D., Davies, S.J., 20 Microbial manipulations to improve fish health and production–A Mediterranean perspective. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 30: 1– doi: 1016/j.fsi.2010.08.009
  • Eddy, S.D. and Jones, S.H. 2002. Microbiology of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus fingerling production at a marine fish hatchery. Aquaculture, 211: 9–28. doi: 1016/S0044-8486(01)00882-1
  • El–Haroun, E.R., Goda, A–S, A.M., Chowdury, M.A.K. 200 Effect of dietary probiotic Biogen ® supplementation as a growth promoter on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 37: 1473–1480. doi: 1111/j.136522006.01584.x
  • Gatesoupe, F.J. 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 180: 147–165. doi: 10.1016/S00448486(99)00187-8
  • Gatesoupe, F.J. 2007. Live yeasts in the gut: Natural occurrence, dietary introduction, and their effects on fish health and development. Aquaculture, 267: 20– doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.005
  • Ghosh, K., Sen, S.K., Ray, A.K. 2003. Supplementation of an isolated fish gut bacterium, Bacillus circulans, in formulated diets for rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Israeli J. Aquacult.–Bamidgeh, 55: 13–21.
  • Hidalgo, M.C., Skalli, A., Abellán, E., Arizcun, M. and Cardenete, G. 2006. Dietary intake of probiotics and maslinic acid in juvenile dentex (Dentex dentex L.): effects on growth performance, survival and liver proteolytic activities. Aquaculture Nutrition, 12: 256– 2 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2006.00408.x
  • Irene, S., Alberto, C., Ángeles, M.E. and José, M. 2005. Dietary administration of Lactobacillus delbrüeckii and Bacillus subtilis, used alone or combined, on cellular innate immune responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 19: 67– doi: 1016/j.fsi.2004.11.007
  • Jafaryan, H., Taati, M.M., Jafarzadeh, M., 2011. The enhancement of growth parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae using probiotic in rearing tanks and feeding by various Artemia nauplii. AACL Bioflux, 4: 511–518.
  • Kolkovski S. 2001. Digestive enzymes in fish larvae and juveniles–implications and application to formulated diets. Aquaculture, 200: 181–201. doi: 1016/S0044-8486(01)00700-1
  • Li, P., Burr, G.S., Goff, J., Whiteman, K.W., Davis, K.B., Vega, R.R., Neill, W.H. and Gatlin III, D.M. 2005. A preliminary study on the effects of dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides, singularly or in combination, on juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquaculture Research, 36: 1120–1127. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01333.x
  • Mohapatra, S., Chakraborty, T., Prusty, A.K., Das, P., Paniprasad, K. and Mohanta, K.N. 2012. Use of different microbial probiotics in the diet of rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings: effects on growth, nutrient digestibility and retention, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microflora. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18: 1– doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00866.x
  • Panigrahi, A., Kiron, V., Puangkaew, J., Kobayashi, T., Satoh, S. and Sugita, H. 2005. The viability of probiotic bacteria as a factor influencing the immune response in rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 243: 241–254. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2004.09.032
  • Planas, M., Pérez-Lorenzo, M., Hjelm, M., Gram, L., Fiksdal, I.,U., Bergh, Ø. and Pintado, J. 2006. Probiotic effect in vivo of Rosebacter strain 27-4 against Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum infections in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) larvae. Aquaculture, 255: 323–333. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.039
  • Robertson, P.A.W., O’Dowd, C., Burrels, C., Williams, P. and Austin, B. 2000. Use of Carnobacterium sp. as a probiotic for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Aquaculture, 185 : 235–243. doi: 10.1016/S00448486(99)00349-X
  • Salinas, I., Cuesta, A., Ángeles Esteban, M., Meseguer, J. 200 Dietary administration of Lactobacillus delbrüeckii and Bacillus subtilis, single or combined, on gilthead seabream cellular innate immune responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 19: 67–77. doi: 1016/j.fsi.2004.11.007
  • Salinas, I., Díaz-Rosales, P., Cuesta, A., Meseguer, J., Chabrillón, M., Morinigo, M. Á. and Ángeles Esteban, M., 2006. Effect of heat-inactivated fish and non-fish derived probiotics on the innate immune parameters of a teleost fish (Sparus aurata L.). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 111, 279–286. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.020
  • Suzer, C., Çoban D., Kamacı, H.O., Aytepe, B., Saka, Ş., Fırat, K., 2007. Variations of digestive enzyme activities in gilthead Sea bream larvae (Sparus aurata L., 1758) during the weaning stage. E.U. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 24: 253–259.
  • Suzer, C., Çoban, D., Kamacı, H.O., Saka, S., Fırat, K., Otgucuoğlu, Ö. and Küçüksarı, H., 2008. Lactobacillus spp. bacteria as probiotics in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) larvae: effects on growth performance an d digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 280: 140–145. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.020
  • Taoka, Y., Maeda, H., Jo, J.Y., Jeon, M.J., Bai, S.C., Lee, W.J., Yuge, K. and Koshio, S. 2006. Growth, stress tolerance and non-specific immune response of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus to probiotics in a closed recirculating system. Fisheries Science, 72: 310–321. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-2906.2006.01152.x
  • Thompson, F.L., Abreu, P.C., Cavalli, R. 1999. The use of microorganisms as food source for Penaeus paulensis larvae. Aquaculture, 174: 139– 1 doi: 1016/S0044-8486(98)00511-0
  • Ueberschär, B., 1993. Measurement of proteolytic enzyme activity: significance and application in larval fish research. In: B.T. Walther, H.J. Fhyn (Eds.), Physiological and biochemical aspects of fish development. University of Bergen, Norway.
  • Verschuere, L., Rombaut, G., Sorgeloos, P. and Verstraete, W. 2000. Probiotics bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 64: 655–671.
  • Villamil, L., Figueras, A., Planas, M. and Novoa, B. 2003. Control of Vibrio alginolyticus in Artemia cultura by treatment with bacterial probiotics. Aquaculture, 219: 43– doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00515-X
  • Walter, H. E. 1984. Proteinases: methods with hemoglobin, casein and azocoll as substrates. In: H. J. Bergmeyer (Ed.), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Vol. V,. Verlag Chemie, Weinham: 270–277
  • Wang, Y.B., Xu, Z.R. 2006. Effect of probiotics for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 127: 283–292. doi: 1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.09.003
  • Wang, Y.B. 2007. Effect of probiotics on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 269: 259– 2 doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.05.035
  • Wang, Y.B, Li, J.R. and Lin, J. 2008. Probiotics in aquaculture: Challenges and outlook. Aquaculture, 281: 1–4. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.002
  • Wen-Ying, S., Ling-Lin, F., Wei-Fen, l., Yao-Rong, Z., 20 Effect of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis on growth, performance, immune response and antioxidant activities of the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture Research, 41: 1691-1698. doi: 1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02554.x
  • Wu, Z.X., Feng, X., Xie, L.L., Peng, X.Y., Yuan, J. and Chen, X.X., 2012. Effect of Bacillus subtilis Ch9 for grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microflora. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28: 721–727. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01968.x Zambonino Infante, J.L. and Cahu, C.L., 2001. Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract of marine fish larvae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 130C: 477-4 doi: 1016/S1532-0456(01)00274-5
  • Ziaei-Nejad, S., Rezaei, M.H., Takami, G.A., Lovett, D.L., Mirvaghefi, A.R. and Shakouri, M. 2006. The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture, 252: 516–524. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.021
  • Zhou, X., Wang, Y., Li, W. 2009. Effect of probiotic on larvae shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) based on water quality, survival rate and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 287: 349–353. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.046

Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation during Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.)

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, - , 01.06.2013

Nihan Arığ Cüneyt Süzer Alize Gökvardar Fatih Başaran Deniz Çoban Şükrü Yıldırım H. Okan Kamacı Kürşat Fırat Şahin Saka

https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_03

Öz

Bu çalışmada, çipura larva yetiştiriciliğinde 40. güne kadar ticari bir ürün olan probiotik bakteri (Bacillus sp.) eklenmesinin larvalarda büyüme parametreleri ve sindirim enzimleri (alkalin ve asit proteaz) üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Bütün denemeler 3 tekrarlı yürütülmüş ve probiotik eklenmesi ağız açılımı ile birlikte eş zamanlı olarak yumurtadan çıktıktan sonraki 3. günden itibaren uygulanmıştır. Deneme grubunda, probiotik bakteriler 20. güne kadar rotifer kültürüne ve tank ortamına eklenmiştir. Bunun yanında, kontrol grubuna herhangi bir uygulama yapılmamıştır. Deneme grubunda, alkalin proteaz spesifik aktivitesi kontrol grubuna göre önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0,05). Asit proteaz aktivitesi ise probiotik eklenmesinden etkilenmemiş bununla birlikte kontrol grubuna görece aktivite görece yüksek tespit edilmiştir (P>0,05). Ek olarak, rotifer kültürüne ve tank ortamına eklenen çipura larvalarının yaşama oranı (%8,5 daha yüksek) ve spesifik büyüme oranı (%0.7 daha yüksek) değerleri kontrol grubuna göre önemsiz farklılıklar göstermiştir (P>0,05). Sonuç olarak, probiotiklerin canlı yem kültürü ve tank ortamına eklenmesi alkalin ve asit proteaz aktivitesini önemli oranda artırmış, bu yüzden probiotiklerin bu yöntemle uygulanmasının büyüme parametreleri ve besinsel durumları açısından daha etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bacillus probiotik sindirim enzimleri aktivitesi büyüme yaşama oranı Sparus aurata.

Kaynakça

  • Anson, M.L. 1938. The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain and cathepsin with hemoglobin. Journal of General Physiology, 22: 79–89.
  • Avella, M.A., Gioacchini, G., Decamp, O., Makridis, P., Bracciatelli, C. and Carnevali, O. 2010. Application of multi–species of Bacillus in sea bream larviculture. Aquaculture, 305: 12– doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2010.03.029, Bairagi, A., Ghosh, K.S., Sen, S.K., Ray, A.K. 2002. Enzyme producing bacterial flora isolated from fish digestive tracts. Aquaculture International, 10: 109– 1 doi: 10.1023/A:1021355406412
  • Balcázar, J.L., Blas, I., Ruiz-Zarzuela, I., Cunningham, D., Vendrell, D., Mşzquiz, J.L. 2006. The role of probiotics in aquaculture. Veterinary Microbiology, 114: 173–186. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.01.009
  • Bradford M.M. 1976. A rapid sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72: 248–254.
  • Díaz–Rosales, P., Salinas, I., Rodríguez, A., Cuesta, A., Chabrillón, M., Balebona, M.C., Morinigo, M.Á., Esteban, M.Á. and Meseguer, J. 2006. Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) innate immune response after dietary administration of heat–inactivated potential probiotics. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 20: 482–492. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.06.007
  • Dimitroglou, A., Merrifield, D.L., Carnevali, O., Picchietti, S., Avella, M., Daniels, C., Guroy, D., Davies, S.J., 20 Microbial manipulations to improve fish health and production–A Mediterranean perspective. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 30: 1– doi: 1016/j.fsi.2010.08.009
  • Eddy, S.D. and Jones, S.H. 2002. Microbiology of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus fingerling production at a marine fish hatchery. Aquaculture, 211: 9–28. doi: 1016/S0044-8486(01)00882-1
  • El–Haroun, E.R., Goda, A–S, A.M., Chowdury, M.A.K. 200 Effect of dietary probiotic Biogen ® supplementation as a growth promoter on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 37: 1473–1480. doi: 1111/j.136522006.01584.x
  • Gatesoupe, F.J. 1999. The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 180: 147–165. doi: 10.1016/S00448486(99)00187-8
  • Gatesoupe, F.J. 2007. Live yeasts in the gut: Natural occurrence, dietary introduction, and their effects on fish health and development. Aquaculture, 267: 20– doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.005
  • Ghosh, K., Sen, S.K., Ray, A.K. 2003. Supplementation of an isolated fish gut bacterium, Bacillus circulans, in formulated diets for rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Israeli J. Aquacult.–Bamidgeh, 55: 13–21.
  • Hidalgo, M.C., Skalli, A., Abellán, E., Arizcun, M. and Cardenete, G. 2006. Dietary intake of probiotics and maslinic acid in juvenile dentex (Dentex dentex L.): effects on growth performance, survival and liver proteolytic activities. Aquaculture Nutrition, 12: 256– 2 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2006.00408.x
  • Irene, S., Alberto, C., Ángeles, M.E. and José, M. 2005. Dietary administration of Lactobacillus delbrüeckii and Bacillus subtilis, used alone or combined, on cellular innate immune responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 19: 67– doi: 1016/j.fsi.2004.11.007
  • Jafaryan, H., Taati, M.M., Jafarzadeh, M., 2011. The enhancement of growth parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae using probiotic in rearing tanks and feeding by various Artemia nauplii. AACL Bioflux, 4: 511–518.
  • Kolkovski S. 2001. Digestive enzymes in fish larvae and juveniles–implications and application to formulated diets. Aquaculture, 200: 181–201. doi: 1016/S0044-8486(01)00700-1
  • Li, P., Burr, G.S., Goff, J., Whiteman, K.W., Davis, K.B., Vega, R.R., Neill, W.H. and Gatlin III, D.M. 2005. A preliminary study on the effects of dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides, singularly or in combination, on juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquaculture Research, 36: 1120–1127. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01333.x
  • Mohapatra, S., Chakraborty, T., Prusty, A.K., Das, P., Paniprasad, K. and Mohanta, K.N. 2012. Use of different microbial probiotics in the diet of rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings: effects on growth, nutrient digestibility and retention, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microflora. Aquaculture Nutrition, 18: 1– doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00866.x
  • Panigrahi, A., Kiron, V., Puangkaew, J., Kobayashi, T., Satoh, S. and Sugita, H. 2005. The viability of probiotic bacteria as a factor influencing the immune response in rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 243: 241–254. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2004.09.032
  • Planas, M., Pérez-Lorenzo, M., Hjelm, M., Gram, L., Fiksdal, I.,U., Bergh, Ø. and Pintado, J. 2006. Probiotic effect in vivo of Rosebacter strain 27-4 against Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum infections in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) larvae. Aquaculture, 255: 323–333. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.039
  • Robertson, P.A.W., O’Dowd, C., Burrels, C., Williams, P. and Austin, B. 2000. Use of Carnobacterium sp. as a probiotic for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Aquaculture, 185 : 235–243. doi: 10.1016/S00448486(99)00349-X
  • Salinas, I., Cuesta, A., Ángeles Esteban, M., Meseguer, J. 200 Dietary administration of Lactobacillus delbrüeckii and Bacillus subtilis, single or combined, on gilthead seabream cellular innate immune responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 19: 67–77. doi: 1016/j.fsi.2004.11.007
  • Salinas, I., Díaz-Rosales, P., Cuesta, A., Meseguer, J., Chabrillón, M., Morinigo, M. Á. and Ángeles Esteban, M., 2006. Effect of heat-inactivated fish and non-fish derived probiotics on the innate immune parameters of a teleost fish (Sparus aurata L.). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 111, 279–286. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.020
  • Suzer, C., Çoban D., Kamacı, H.O., Aytepe, B., Saka, Ş., Fırat, K., 2007. Variations of digestive enzyme activities in gilthead Sea bream larvae (Sparus aurata L., 1758) during the weaning stage. E.U. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 24: 253–259.
  • Suzer, C., Çoban, D., Kamacı, H.O., Saka, S., Fırat, K., Otgucuoğlu, Ö. and Küçüksarı, H., 2008. Lactobacillus spp. bacteria as probiotics in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) larvae: effects on growth performance an d digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 280: 140–145. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.020
  • Taoka, Y., Maeda, H., Jo, J.Y., Jeon, M.J., Bai, S.C., Lee, W.J., Yuge, K. and Koshio, S. 2006. Growth, stress tolerance and non-specific immune response of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus to probiotics in a closed recirculating system. Fisheries Science, 72: 310–321. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-2906.2006.01152.x
  • Thompson, F.L., Abreu, P.C., Cavalli, R. 1999. The use of microorganisms as food source for Penaeus paulensis larvae. Aquaculture, 174: 139– 1 doi: 1016/S0044-8486(98)00511-0
  • Ueberschär, B., 1993. Measurement of proteolytic enzyme activity: significance and application in larval fish research. In: B.T. Walther, H.J. Fhyn (Eds.), Physiological and biochemical aspects of fish development. University of Bergen, Norway.
  • Verschuere, L., Rombaut, G., Sorgeloos, P. and Verstraete, W. 2000. Probiotics bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 64: 655–671.
  • Villamil, L., Figueras, A., Planas, M. and Novoa, B. 2003. Control of Vibrio alginolyticus in Artemia cultura by treatment with bacterial probiotics. Aquaculture, 219: 43– doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00515-X
  • Walter, H. E. 1984. Proteinases: methods with hemoglobin, casein and azocoll as substrates. In: H. J. Bergmeyer (Ed.), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Vol. V,. Verlag Chemie, Weinham: 270–277
  • Wang, Y.B., Xu, Z.R. 2006. Effect of probiotics for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 127: 283–292. doi: 1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.09.003
  • Wang, Y.B. 2007. Effect of probiotics on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 269: 259– 2 doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.05.035
  • Wang, Y.B, Li, J.R. and Lin, J. 2008. Probiotics in aquaculture: Challenges and outlook. Aquaculture, 281: 1–4. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.06.002
  • Wen-Ying, S., Ling-Lin, F., Wei-Fen, l., Yao-Rong, Z., 20 Effect of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis on growth, performance, immune response and antioxidant activities of the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture Research, 41: 1691-1698. doi: 1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02554.x
  • Wu, Z.X., Feng, X., Xie, L.L., Peng, X.Y., Yuan, J. and Chen, X.X., 2012. Effect of Bacillus subtilis Ch9 for grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microflora. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28: 721–727. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.01968.x Zambonino Infante, J.L. and Cahu, C.L., 2001. Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract of marine fish larvae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 130C: 477-4 doi: 1016/S1532-0456(01)00274-5
  • Ziaei-Nejad, S., Rezaei, M.H., Takami, G.A., Lovett, D.L., Mirvaghefi, A.R. and Shakouri, M. 2006. The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture, 252: 516–524. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.021
  • Zhou, X., Wang, Y., Li, W. 2009. Effect of probiotic on larvae shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) based on water quality, survival rate and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 287: 349–353. doi: 1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.046
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nihan Arığ Bu kişi benim

Cüneyt Süzer Bu kişi benim

Alize Gökvardar Bu kişi benim

Fatih Başaran Bu kişi benim

Deniz Çoban Bu kişi benim

Şükrü Yıldırım Bu kişi benim

H. Okan Kamacı Bu kişi benim

Kürşat Fırat Bu kişi benim

Şahin Saka Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Arığ, N., Süzer, C., Gökvardar, A., Başaran, F., vd. (2013). Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation during Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_03
AMA Arığ N, Süzer C, Gökvardar A, Başaran F, Çoban D, Yıldırım Ş, Kamacı HO, Fırat K, Saka Ş. Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation during Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Haziran 2013;13(3). doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_03
Chicago Arığ, Nihan, Cüneyt Süzer, Alize Gökvardar, Fatih Başaran, Deniz Çoban, Şükrü Yıldırım, H. Okan Kamacı, Kürşat Fırat, ve Şahin Saka. “Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation During Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata, L.)”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13, sy. 3 (Haziran 2013). https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_03.
EndNote Arığ N, Süzer C, Gökvardar A, Başaran F, Çoban D, Yıldırım Ş, Kamacı HO, Fırat K, Saka Ş (01 Haziran 2013) Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation during Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13 3
IEEE N. Arığ, C. Süzer, A. Gökvardar, F. Başaran, D. Çoban, Ş. Yıldırım, H. O. Kamacı, K. Fırat, ve Ş. Saka, “Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation during Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.)”, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, c. 13, sy. 3, 2013, doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_03.
ISNAD Arığ, Nihan vd. “Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation During Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata, L.)”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 13/3 (Haziran 2013). https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_03.
JAMA Arığ N, Süzer C, Gökvardar A, Başaran F, Çoban D, Yıldırım Ş, Kamacı HO, Fırat K, Saka Ş. Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation during Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2013;13. doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_03.
MLA Arığ, Nihan vd. “Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation During Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus Aurata, L.)”. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, c. 13, sy. 3, 2013, doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_03.
Vancouver Arığ N, Süzer C, Gökvardar A, Başaran F, Çoban D, Yıldırım Ş, Kamacı HO, Fırat K, Saka Ş. Effects of Probiotic (Bacillus sp.) Supplementation during Larval Development of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2013;13(3).