Vertical Distribution and Feeding Ecology of the Black Scraper, Thamnaconus modestus, in the Southern Sea of Korea

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, - , 01.04.2013

Hye Rim Kim Jung Hwa Choi Won Gyu Park

https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_2_07

Öz

We investigated the vertical distribution and feeding ecology of the black scraper, Tamnaconus modestus, in the southern sea of Korea in the spring of 2009, 2010 and 2011 using otter trawl for 60 min per site. Fish abundance was significantly related to the basis of depth and temperature. Thamnaconus modestus occurred at depths ranging from 80 to 120 meter waters having temperature higher than 12°C. We found that 87% of the total catch were obtained at the depths between 80 and 120 meters (58% and 29% from 80-100 and 100-120 meters respectively). The total length of captured individuals ranged from 10.6 to 38.7 cm. Individuals captured at deeper were significantly larger than those from shallower sites. Diverse prey organisms, including algae, amphipods, gastropods, ophiuroids, and cephalopods, were found in T. modestus stomach. The main prey items in IRI value belonged to four groups: hyperiid amphipods, gastropods, ophiuroids, and algae. The fish showed ontogenetic diet shifts. In general, individuals in smaller size (< 20 cm) shifted their diets from vegetative food sources to animal ones when they reach the size bigger than 20 cm. Food diversity increased with fish size. Our findings suggested that T. modestus vertical distribution varied with depth and that fish showed ontogenetic diet shifts

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tamnaconus modestus, Southern sea of Korea, distribution, stomach contents, PCR

Kaynakça

• Ahn, Y.H., Shanmugam, P., Chang, K.I., Moon, J.E. and Ryu, J.H. 2005. Spatial and temporal aspects of phytoplankton blooms in complex ecosystems off the Korea coast from satellite ocean color observations.
• Ocean Science Journal, 40: 67–78. Arai, M.N., Welch, D.W., Dunsmuir, A.L., Jacobs, M.C. and Ladouceur, A.R. 2003. Digestion of pelagic Ctenophora and Cnidaria by fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 60: 825–82.
• Assadi, H. and Dehghani, R.P. 1997. Atlas of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman fishes. Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organization, Iran, 226 pp.
• Baik, C.I., and Park, J.H. 1989. Fluctuation of fishing conditions of black scraper, Navodon modestus (GUNTHER), in relation to oceanographic characteristics in Korean waters. Bulletin of National Fisheries Research and Development Agency, 1–43.
• Baeck, G.W., Huh, S.H., Park, J.M. and Pack, S.C. 2007. Feeding habits of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the coastal waters off Gadeok-do, Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology, 19: 318–323.
• Bell, J.D., Burchmore, J.J. and Pollard, D.A. 1978. Feeding ecology of three sympatric species of leatherjackets (Pisces: Monacanthidae) from a Posidonia seagrass habitat in New South Wales. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 29: 631–643. doi:1071/MF9780631
• Blankenship, L.E. and Yayanos, A.A. 2005. Universal primers and PCR of gut contents to study marine invertebrate diets. Molecular Ecology, 14: 891–899. doi: 1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02448.x
• Bond, C.E. 1979. Biology of fishes. W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, 514 pp.
• Chihara, M. and Murano, M. 1997. An illustrated guide to marine plankton in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 1574 pp.
• Chung, M.H., Youn, S.H and Yoon W.D. 2012. Research trends of the jellyfish blooms. Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, 17: 25–31.
• Chung, C.S. and Yang, D.B. 1991. On the primary productivity in the southern sea of Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, 26: 242–254.
• Clarke, K.R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology, 18: 117–143. doi: 1111/j.1442991993.tb00438.x
• Daryanabard, R. and Dawson, M. N. 2008. Jellyfish blooms: Crambionella orsini (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) in the Gulf of Oman, Iran, 2002-2003. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 88: 477-483. doi: 10.1017/S0025315408000945 Dunn, M.R., Szabo, A., Mcveagh, M.S. and Smith, P.J. 20 The diet of deepwater sharks and the benefits of using DNA identification of prey. Deep-Sea Research I, 57: 923–930.
• El-Ganainy, A.A. 2010. Some biological aspects of the filefish Setphanolepis diaspros (family: Monacanthidae) from the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Researcher, 2: 75–78.
• Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. and Vrijenhoek, R. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3: 294–299.
• Gibson, R.N. and Ezzi, I.A. 1987. Feeding relationship of a demersal fish assemblage on the west coast of Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology, 1: 55–69. doi: 1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05214.x
• Grossman, G. D. 1986. Food resources partitioning in a rocky intertidal fish assemblage. Journal of Zoology, 1: 317–355.
• Hong, S.Y., Park, K.Y., Park, C.W., Han, C.H., Suh, H.L., Yun, S.G., Song, C.B., Jo, S.G., Lim, H.S., Kang, Y. S., Kim, D.J., Ma, C.W., Son, M.H., Cha, H.K., Kim, K.B., Choi, S.D., Park, K.Y., Oh, C.W., Kim, D.N., Shon, H.S., Kim, J.N., Choi, J.H., Kim, M.H. and Choi, I.Y. 2006. Marine invertebrates in Korea Coast. Academy book, Seoul. 479 pp.
• Huh, S.H. and Kwak, S.N. 1998. Feeding habits of Favonigobius gymnauchen in the eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed in Kwangyang bay. Journal of Korean Fisheries Society, 31: 372–379.
• Jarman, S.N., Gales, N.J., Tierney, M., Gill, P.C. and Elliott, N.G. 2002.A DNA-based method for identification of krill species and its application to analysing the diet of marine vertebrate predations. Molecular Ecology, 11: 2679–2690.
• Kawabata, A., Yatsu, A., Ueno, Y., Suyama, S. and Kurita, Y. 2006. Spatial distribution of the Japanese squid, Todarodes pacificus, during its northward migration in the western North Pacific ocean. Fisheries Oceanography, 15: 113–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1365– 24
• Kim, I.S., Choi, Y., Lee, C.L., Lee, Y.J., Kim, B.J. and Lim, J.H. 2005. Illustrated Book of Korean Fish. Kyohak Publishing, Seoul, 1–615.
• Kim, J.H., Park, J.Y., Jung, J.W., Kim, M.J., Lee, W.S., An, C.M., Kang, J.H. and Hwang, S.Y. 2011. Species identification of filefishes (Monacanthidae) using DNA microarray in Korean marketplace. Bio Chip Journal, 5: 229–235.
• Kim, N.G., Kim, K.S. and Kim, H.W. 2007. PCR of gut contents for a food web study of a marine ecosystem. Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 10: 179–185.
• Kondo, M. 1985. Oceanographic investigations of fishing grounds in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea-I. Characteristics of the mean temperature and salinity distributions measured at 50m and near the bottom. Bulletin of Seikai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 62: 19–66.
• Krebs, C.J. 1989. Ecological methodology. Harper and Row, New York, 654 pp.
• Kwak, S.N., Baeck, G.W. and Huh, S.H. 2003. Feeding habits of Stephanolepis cirrhifer in a Zostera marina bed. Korean Journal of Ichthyology, 15: 219–223.
• Kwak, S.N., Huh, S.H. and Choi, C.G. 2006. Diel changes in the diet of Rudarius ercodes: A diurnal omnivore and nocturnal carnivore. Korean Journal of Ichthyology, 18: 178–183.
• Larson, R.J. Water content, organic content, and carbon and nitrogen composition of medusa from the northeast Pacific. 1986. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 99: 107–120. doi: 10.1016/00220981(86)90231-5.
• Lee, C.I. Relationship between variation of the Tsushima warm current and current circulation in the East Sea. 200 DSc. Thesis. Busan: National University of Pukyung. Lee, K.H, Kim, I.O, Yoon, W.D, Shin, J.K and An, H.C. 200 A study on vertical distribution observation of giant jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) using acoustical and optical methods. Journal of the Korean society of fisheries technology, 43: 355–361. Lee, S.G. 2011. Utility of COI and CytB mtDNA in phylogenetic analysis of Lepidoptera. MSc. Thesis. Chungbuk: National University of Chungbuk.
• Lee, S.J., Go, Y.B. and Choi, Y.C. 2000. Egg development and morphological changes of larvae of the black scraper, Thamnaconus modestus. Korean Journal of Ichthyology, 12: 208–214.
• Lee, S.J., Go, Y.B., Lee, Y.D., Jung, J.H. and Han, C.H. 2000. Annual reproductive cycle of the black scraper, Thamnaconus modestus, on the southern coast of Jeju island. Korean Journal of Ichthyology, 122: 71–84.
• Maeda, T., Nakatani, T., Takahashi, T. and Takagi, S. 19Distribution and migration of adult Walleye Pollock off Hiyama, southwestern Hokkaido. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Biology and Management of Walleye Pollock, 325– 3 Masuda, R., Yamashita, Y., Matsuyama, M. Jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus juveniles use jellyfish for predator avoidance and as a prey collector (2008). Fisheries science, 74: 282–290.
• MIFFAF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). 2008. A study about road map of fishery resource recovery plan, 88 pp.
• Min, D.K. 2004. Mollusks in Korea. Min molluscan research institute, Seoul, 566 pp.
• Miyajima, Y., Masuda, R. and Yamashita, Y. 2011. Feeding preference of threadsail filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer on moon jellyfish and lobworm in the laboratory. Plankton and Benthos Research, 6: 12–17. Molinero, A. and Flos, R. 1992. Influence of season on the feeding habits of the common sole Soleasolea. Marine biology, 113: 499–507.
• Munoz, R.C., Currin, C.A. and Whitfield, P.E. 2011. Diet of invasive lionfish on hard bottom reefs of the Southeast USA: insight from stomach contents and stable isotopes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 432: 181–193.
• Newsome, S.D., Tinker, M.T., Monson, D.H., Oftedal, O.T., Ralls, K., Staedler, M.M., Fogel, M.L. and Estes, J.A. 2009. Using stable isotopes to investigate individual diet specialization in California seaotters (Enhydra lutris nereis). Ecology, 90: 961–974.
• NFRDI (National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) 2004. Commercial fishes of the coastal & offshore waters in Korea. 333 pp.
• NFRDI (National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) 2009. Research on actual fisheries state and biological characteristics of Thamnaconus modestus, 200 Research report in NFRDI, 1–76 pp.
• Park, B.H. 1985. Studies on the fishery biology of the Filefish Navodon modestusunther) in the Korea. Bulletin of National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 34: 1–64.
• Peristiwady, T. and Geistdoerfer, A. 1991. Biological aspects of Monacanthus tomentosus (Monacanthidae) in the seagrass bed of Kotania Bay, west seram, Moluccas, Indonesia. Marine Biology, 109: 135–139. Pilling, G.M., Purves, M.G., Daw, T.M., Agnew, D.A. and Xavier, J.C. 2001. The stomach contents of Patagonian toothfish around South Georgia (South Atlantic). Journal of Fish Biology, 59: 1370–1384. doi: 1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00198.x
• Pinkas, L.M., Oliphant, S. and Iverson, I.L.K. 1971. Food habits of albacore, bluefin tuna and bonito in California waters. Fishery Bulletin, 152: 105 pp.
• Purcell, J.E., Uye, S.I. and Lo, W. T. 2007. Anthropogenic causes of jellyfish blooms and their direct consequences for humans: a review. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 350: 153-174.
• Randall, J.E. 1967. Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Tropical Oceanography, 5: 665–847.
• Santic, M., Jardas, I. and Pallaoro, A. 2005. Feeding habits of horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (Linneaus, 1758), from the central Adriatic Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 21: 125–130. doi: 1111/j.1439-0426.2004.00603.x
• Song, H.J., Baeck, G.W., Kim, S.A. and Huh, S.H. 2006. Feeding habits of Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopods: Ommastrephidae) in the coastal waters of Busan, Korea. Journal of Korean Fisheries Society, 39: 42–
• Sturdevant, M.V., Fergusson, E.A., Orsi, J.A. and Wertheimer, A.C. 2002. Diel feeding of juvenile Pink, Chum, and Coho salmon in Icy strait, southeastern Alaska, May-September 200 North Pacific anadromous fish commission, Doc, 631.
• Suh, H.J., Chung, S.H., Son, J.Y., Lee, H.K. and Bae, S.W. 19 Study on the properties of enzymatic hydrolysates from filefish. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 28: 678–683. Tatsuaki, M, Toshikuni N, Toyomi T and Syogo Takagi. 19 Distribution and migration of adult walleye Pollock off Hiyama, southwestern Hokkaido. Proceeding of an international biology management. Hokkaido university. Uye, S.I. 2008. Blooms of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai: a threat to the fisheries sustainability of the East Asian Marginal seas. Plankton and Benthos Research, 3: 125–131. doi: 10.3800/pbr.3.125.
• Zhang, C.I. 1988. Food habits and ecological interaction of Alaska plaice, Pleuronectes quadric tuberculatus, with other flatfish species in the eastern Bering sea. Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society, 21: 150–160.