The State of Black Sea Fisheries: Evaluation of the Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus Fisheries

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 81 - 95, 01.12.2017

İsmet Balık

Öz

In this study, fisheries statistics were investigated in the Black Sea from 1950 to 2014 and the history and current state of especially anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus fishery were evaluated. Catch statistics of countries were taken from “www.seaaroundus.org” and FAO fisheries statistics. As known, fish stocks in the Black Sea are shared among the bordering countries. Results of the study showed that the most annual catch was caught obtained by Turkey with mean 200200 tons yr-1 since 1950. This country was followed by Georgia (41900 tons), Russia Federation (40900 tons), Ukraine (23200 tons), Romania (1300 tons) and Bulgaria (100 tons), respectively. Total fish landings in the Black Sea were around 400000 tons yr-1 in the 1950s and 600000 tons yr-1 in the 1960s and 70s. It reached about 1.4 million tons yr-1 in the 1980s, with the development of the small pelagic fishery in the area. Then, they fell sharply to less than 500000 tons yr-1 in 1991. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the annual total catch was around 800000 tons yr-1. Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) is distributed over the whole the Black Sea and its mean annual catch was average 74500 tons yr-1 in the 1950s. Although, anchovy catch rose sharply 586800 tons yr-1 in the 1980s, it decreased 346900 tons yr-1 in the 1990s and 469200 tons yr-1 in the 2000s. During 1950-2010, the proportion of Turkey in the mean anchovy catch was 63.9%. Proportions of the other riparian countries were 14.5, 13.7, 7.4, 0.4 and 0.1% for Georgia, Russia Federation, Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black Sea, Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, Catch, Evaluation

Karadeniz Balıkçılığının Durumu: Hamsi (Engraulis encrasicolus) Balıkçılığının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz'de 1950 ile 2014 yılları arasındaki avcılık istatistikleri araştırılmış ve özellikle Hamsi, Engraulis encrasicolus balıkçılığının geçmişi ve bugünkü durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Ülkelerin avcılık verileri “www.seaaroundus.org” ve FAO balıkçılık istatistiklerinden alınmıştır. Bilindiği üzere, Karadeniz'deki balık stokları kıyısı bulunan ülkeler tarafından paylaşılmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, 1950 yılından bu yana ortalama 200.200 ton yıl-1ile Türkiye'nin Karadeniz’den en fazla su ürünleri avcılığı yapan ülke olduğunu göstermiştir. Türkiye’yi sırasıyla Gürcistan (41900 ton), Rusya Federasyonu (40900 ton), Ukrayna (23200 ton), Romanya (1300 ton) ve Bulgaristan (100 ton) izlemiştir. Karadeniz'den elde edilen toplam su ürünleri üretimi 1950'li yıllarda 400000 ton yıl-1, 1960'lı ve 70'li yıllarda 600000 ton yıl-1civarındaydı. Bu miktar, küçük pelajik balıkçılığın gelişmesiyle 1980'lerde yaklaşık 1.4 milyon ton yıl-1’a ulaşmıştır. Ne var ki sonraki dönemlerde ise, 1991'de 500000 ton yıl1’ın altına düşmüştür. 1990'ların başından bu yana yıllık toplam av miktarı yaklaşık 800000 ton yıl-1’dır. Hamsi, Karadeniz'in tamamında dağılım gösteren bir türdür ve 1950'lerdeki yıllık av miktarı ortalama 74500 ton yıl-1’dır. 1980'lerde ise bu miktar 586800 ton yıl-1’a yükselmiş, ancak 1990'larda 346900 ton yıl-1, 2000'lerde 469200 ton yıl-1’a düşmüştür. 1950-2010 döneminde, Türkiye’nin hamsi avındaki payı ortalama %63.9'dur. Diğer kıyıdaş ülkelerden, Gürcistan, Rusya Federasyonu, Ukrayna, Romanya ve Bulgaristan’ın payları ise sırasıyla 14.5, 13.7, 7.4, 0.4 ve % 0.1'dir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anahtar sözcükler: Karadeniz, Hamsi, Engraulis encrasicolus, Av, Değerlendirme.

Kaynakça

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