Edgar Allan Poe’da “Yeniden Canlandırmanın Korkunç Dramı”: Dişi Vampirlerde Anneyi Canlandırma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 21, 71 - 87, 29.01.2021

Ufuk Gündoğan

https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.791502

Öz

Bu çalışmada Edgar Allan Poe’nun kısa öyküleri ve şiirleri psikanalitik edebiyat kuramı vasıtasıyla incelenmiştir. Romantik yazarın kısa ve trajik hayatına Sigmund Freud’un tanımladığı Oedipus Kompleksi ve güçlü ölüm istenci hâkim olmuştur. Bunun en büyük sebebi yazarın yaşadığı travmalar olmuştur. Bu travmalardan yazarda en derin iz bırakanı, annesinin verem ile uzun mücadelesine tanık olduktan sonra onu küçük yaşta kaybetmesi olmuştur. Poe ömrü boyunca bir anne figürü aramış ve eserlerinde, ölü annesini dişi vampir figürleri aracılığıyla canlandırmıştır. Bütün bu figürler ve bu figürlerin tasvir edildiği anlatımlar, bilinçdışının “tekinsiz” (“uncanny”) yansımaları olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu da Freud’un çalışmalarından uzun bir zaman önce, Poe’nun eserlerinde bilinçdışının derinliklerindeki karanlık yerleri kavradığını göstermektedir. Yazarın kendisinin yansımaları olan anlatıcıları, kendileri için tabuta benzer karanlık alanlar yaratır. Söz konusu imgeler Poe’nun güçlü ölüm arzusundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Poe’nun erkek karakterleri, kendilerini reel yaşamdan, başka bir deyişle bilinçten, izole edip dişi vampirlere odaklanmaktadırlar. Erkek karakterlerin, dişi vampir figürlerine karşı büyük bir hayranlık beslemeleri, yazarın kavuşmak istediği annesini simgelemektedir. Aynı zamanda bu figürler ölümü temsil eder ve bundan dolayı, varlıkları Poe’yu dehşete düşürür. Dolayısıyla, yazarın yarattığı ölümsüz kadınlar, aslında Poe’nun ölü annesi ile bir araya gelme arzusunu dışa vurmaktadır. Yazarın nihai amacı ise, ölüm ile yaşam arasındaki bağı keşfetmektir ve anlamaktır. Bu çalışma, Poe’daki bu teknikleri göstermek için yazarın şiirlerine ve ayrıca, “Berenice”, “Ligeia”, “Morella” ve “Usher Evi’nin Düşüşü” gibi kısa öykülerine odaklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Romantizm, Amerikan Edebiyatı, Edgar Allan Poe, vampirler

Edgar Allan Poe’s “Hideous Drama of Revivification”: Resurrecting His Mother in Female Vampires

Öz

This paper aims to analyze Edgar Allan Poe’s fiction and poems from a psychoanalytic perspective. The Romantic writer’s short tragic life was governed by his Oedipus complex and a strong death drive as the result of his traumatic experiences at an early age. He witnessed his mother’s battle with tuberculosis, which was followed by her death. Throughout his entire life, he has searched for a mother figure. In his works, Poe revives his mother in his portrayals of female characters in the forms of vampires. These characters and all their experiences in his writings appear as uncanny reflections from his unconscious, which he had a strong grasp on long before Sigmund Freud researched and theorized these terms. Resulting from a strong death wish, Poe’s narrators, who are mere reflections of himself, create dark, tomb-like settings where they isolate themselves from reality or consciousness, focusing on the female vampire figures who they admire. However, these figures also horrify Poe as they are the embodiments of death itself. In creating these undead women, Poe expresses his strong desire to reunite with his dead mother and endeavors to uncover the link between life and death, a secret that the female holds. This research focuses on Poe’s short stories “Berenice,” “Ligeia,” “Morella,” and “The Fall of the House of Usher,” in addition to various of his poems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychoanalysis, vampires, American Literature, Romanticism, Edgar Allan Poe

Kaynakça

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