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Sparta Kadınının Eğitimi ve Sosyal Hayattaki Rolü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28, 79 - 100, 29.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.1416364

Öz

Eğitim tüm gelişmiş ya da kurumsallaşmış toplumlarda olduğu gibi Antik Yunan Medeniyeti ve bu medeniyetin önemli bir temsilcisi olan Sparta Toplumu için de oldukça önemlidir. Kadınların Sparta toplumundaki varoluş gayeleri geleceğin anneleri olmak ve askeri bir karakter taşıyan Sparta Devleti için iyi birer vatandaş yetiştirmek olarak görülmüştür. Bu beklentiyi yerine getirmek için de her ne kadar erkeklerle eşit düzeyde olmasa da içinde farklı kategorilerin olduğu hem fiziksel hem de zihinsel bir eğitime tabi tutuldukları görülmektedir. Okuma-yazma bilen, müzikle ilgilenen, dans eden, beden eğitimi alan, binicilik, dokumacılık gibi yetenekleri olan, içinde güreşin de olduğu fiziksel rekabet gerektiren yarışmalarda boy gösteren “Sparta Kadını” bu özellikleri ile dikkat çekici bir konumda olmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Antik Kaynaklar
  • ALKMAN, STESICHORUS, IBYCUS, Poetarum Melicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (PMGF), Vol. 1, Edt. Malcolm Davies, Oxford, 1991.
  • ALKMAN, The Partheneion, Edt. Denys L. Page, Oxford, 1951.
  • ARISTOPHANES, Lysistrata, Trans. Jack Lindsay, London, 1926. ARISTOTELES, Politeia, Vol. 21, Trans. H. Rackham, London, 1944.
  • ATHENAIOS, Deipnosophistai, Trans. C. D. Yonge, London, 1854.
  • EURIPIDES, Andromakhe, Trans. David Kovacs, Cambridge, 1994.
  • HERODOTUS, Historiae, Trans. A. D. Godley, Cambridge, 1920.
  • HOMEROS, Odysseia, Trans. Samuel Butler, London, 1900.
  • OVIDIUS, Heroides, Trans. Harold Isbell, London, 1990.
  • PAUSANIAS, Periegesis Hellados, Trans. W.H.S. Jones, London, 1918.
  • PLATON, Nomoi, Vol. 11-12, Trans. R. G. Bury, London, 1967.
  • PLATON, Protagoras, Vol. 3, Trans. W. R. M. Lamb, London, 1967.
  • PLINIUS, Naturalis Historia, Edt. John Bostock, London, 1855.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Agesilaos, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1917.
  • PLUTARKHOS Alexandros, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1919.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Kleomenes, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1921.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Instituta Laconica, London, 1931.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Lacaemarum Apophthegmata, Trans. Frank Cole Babbitt, London, 1931.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Apophthegmata Laconia (Of Lygurgus The Lawgiver), Edt. William W. Goodwin, Cambridge, 1874. PLUTARKHOS, Conjugalia Praecepta, Trans. Frank Cole Babbitt, London, 1928.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Pyrrhus, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1920.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Solon, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1914.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Lykurgos, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1914.
  • PSEUDO-PLUTARKHOS, De Musica, Trans. William W. Goodwin, Cambridge, 1874.
  • SEXTUS PROPERTIUS, Elegos, Trans. J. P. Mcculloch, London, 1972.
  • SOPHOCLES, Aias, Edt. Sir Richard Jebb, Cambridge, 1893.
  • THEOKRITOS, Eidyllia, Trans. A. S. F. Gow, Cambridge, 1950.
  • THUCYDİDES, Bellum Peloponnesiacum, Trans. J. M. Dent, New York, 1910.
  • VERGILIUS, Aeneis, Trans. Frederick Ahl, Oxford, 2007.
  • XENOPHON, Lakedaimonion Politeia, Trans. E. C. Marchant, London, 1925. XENOPHON, Hellenika, Trans. Carleton L. Brownson, London, 1918.
  • XENOPHON, Peri Hippikes, Trans. Henry G. Dakyns, The Project Gutenberg Ebook, 2008.
  • XENOPHON, Oikonimikos, Trans. Henry G. Dakyns, The Project Gutenberg Ebook, 2008.
  • Modern Kaynaklar
  • ANDERSON, J. K. (1961), Ancient Greek Horsemanship, London. CATLING, H. W. (1976-1977), “Excavations at the Menelaion, Sparta, 1973-1976”, Archaeological Reports, 23, 24-42.
  • CARTLEDGE, Paul ve SPAWFORTH, A. J. S. (1989), Hellenistic and Roman Sparta: A Tale of Two Cities, London.
  • CARTLEDGE, Paul (1978), “Literacy in the Spartan Oligarchy”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 98, 25-37.
  • CARTLEDGE, Paul (1981), “Spartan Wives: Liberation or Licence?”, The Classical Quarterly, 31, 84-105.
  • CONSTANTINIDOU, Soteroula (1998), “Dionysiac Elements in Spartan Cult Dances”, Phoenix, 52, 15-30.
  • DAWKINS, R. M. (1929), The Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta, excavated and described by Members of the British School at Athens, 1906-1910, London.
  • DUCAT, Jean (2009), “Perspectives on Spartan Education in the Clasical Period”, Sparta: New Perspectives, Trans. Emma Stafford, Edt. Stephen Hodkinson and Anton Powel, Wales, 43-67.
  • GRAF, Fritz (1984), “Women, War, and Warlike Divinities”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 55, 245-254.
  • HARVEY, F. D. (1966), “Literacy in the Athenian Democracy”, Revue des Études Grecques, 79, 585-635.
  • KENNELL, M. Nigel (1995), The Gymnasium of Virtue: Education and Culture in Ancient Sparta, London.
  • MANSFIELD, John Magruder (1985), The Robe of Athena and The Panathenaic Peplos, Doktora Tezi, University of California, Berkeley.
  • MARROU, H. I., (1956), A History of Edducation in Antiquity, Trans. George Lamb, New York.
  • PECK, Harry Thurston (1898), Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (1977), “ Technikai kai Mousikai: The Education of Women in the Fourth Century and in the Hellenistic Period,” AJAH, 2, 51-68.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (1996), Families in Classical and Hellenistic Greece: Representation and Realities, New York.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (2002), Spartan Women, Oxford.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (1994), Xenophon Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary, Oxford.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (1995), Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity, New York.
  • ROMANO, D. G. (1983). “The Ancient Stadium: Athletics and Arete”, Ancient World, 7, 9-16.
  • SMITH, William (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London.
  • THESLEFF, Holger (1961), An Inroduction To The Pythagorean Writings Of The Hellenistic Period, Turku.
  • TRACY, Stephen V. (1991). Christian Habicht, “New and Old Panathenaic Victor Lists”, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 60, 2, 187-236.
  • VOYATZIS, Mary (1992), “Votive Riders Seated Side-Saddle at Early Greek Sanctuaries”, The Annual of the British School at Athens, 87, 259-279.
  • WOODWARD, A. M. (1908/1909), “Laconia: I. Excavation at Sparta, 1909”, The Annual of the Bristish School at Athens, 15, 40-106.

Sparta Women's Education and Role in Social Life

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28, 79 - 100, 29.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.1416364

Öz

As in all developed or institutionalised societies, education is very important for Ancient Greek Civilisation and Spartan Society, which is an important representative of this civilisation. The purpose of women's existence in Spartan society was seen as being the mothers of the future and raising good citizens for the Spartan State, which had a military character. In order to fulfil this expectation, it is seen that they were subjected to both physical and mental education, including different categories, although not at the same level as men. The "Spartan Woman", who knew how to read and write, was interested in music, received physical education, had skills such as horse riding and weaving, and participated in competitions requiring physical competition, including wrestling, was in a remarkable position with these characteristics.

Kaynakça

  • Antik Kaynaklar
  • ALKMAN, STESICHORUS, IBYCUS, Poetarum Melicorum Graecorum Fragmenta (PMGF), Vol. 1, Edt. Malcolm Davies, Oxford, 1991.
  • ALKMAN, The Partheneion, Edt. Denys L. Page, Oxford, 1951.
  • ARISTOPHANES, Lysistrata, Trans. Jack Lindsay, London, 1926. ARISTOTELES, Politeia, Vol. 21, Trans. H. Rackham, London, 1944.
  • ATHENAIOS, Deipnosophistai, Trans. C. D. Yonge, London, 1854.
  • EURIPIDES, Andromakhe, Trans. David Kovacs, Cambridge, 1994.
  • HERODOTUS, Historiae, Trans. A. D. Godley, Cambridge, 1920.
  • HOMEROS, Odysseia, Trans. Samuel Butler, London, 1900.
  • OVIDIUS, Heroides, Trans. Harold Isbell, London, 1990.
  • PAUSANIAS, Periegesis Hellados, Trans. W.H.S. Jones, London, 1918.
  • PLATON, Nomoi, Vol. 11-12, Trans. R. G. Bury, London, 1967.
  • PLATON, Protagoras, Vol. 3, Trans. W. R. M. Lamb, London, 1967.
  • PLINIUS, Naturalis Historia, Edt. John Bostock, London, 1855.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Agesilaos, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1917.
  • PLUTARKHOS Alexandros, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1919.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Kleomenes, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1921.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Instituta Laconica, London, 1931.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Lacaemarum Apophthegmata, Trans. Frank Cole Babbitt, London, 1931.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Apophthegmata Laconia (Of Lygurgus The Lawgiver), Edt. William W. Goodwin, Cambridge, 1874. PLUTARKHOS, Conjugalia Praecepta, Trans. Frank Cole Babbitt, London, 1928.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Pyrrhus, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1920.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Solon, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1914.
  • PLUTARKHOS, Lykurgos, Trans. Bernadotte Perrin, London, 1914.
  • PSEUDO-PLUTARKHOS, De Musica, Trans. William W. Goodwin, Cambridge, 1874.
  • SEXTUS PROPERTIUS, Elegos, Trans. J. P. Mcculloch, London, 1972.
  • SOPHOCLES, Aias, Edt. Sir Richard Jebb, Cambridge, 1893.
  • THEOKRITOS, Eidyllia, Trans. A. S. F. Gow, Cambridge, 1950.
  • THUCYDİDES, Bellum Peloponnesiacum, Trans. J. M. Dent, New York, 1910.
  • VERGILIUS, Aeneis, Trans. Frederick Ahl, Oxford, 2007.
  • XENOPHON, Lakedaimonion Politeia, Trans. E. C. Marchant, London, 1925. XENOPHON, Hellenika, Trans. Carleton L. Brownson, London, 1918.
  • XENOPHON, Peri Hippikes, Trans. Henry G. Dakyns, The Project Gutenberg Ebook, 2008.
  • XENOPHON, Oikonimikos, Trans. Henry G. Dakyns, The Project Gutenberg Ebook, 2008.
  • Modern Kaynaklar
  • ANDERSON, J. K. (1961), Ancient Greek Horsemanship, London. CATLING, H. W. (1976-1977), “Excavations at the Menelaion, Sparta, 1973-1976”, Archaeological Reports, 23, 24-42.
  • CARTLEDGE, Paul ve SPAWFORTH, A. J. S. (1989), Hellenistic and Roman Sparta: A Tale of Two Cities, London.
  • CARTLEDGE, Paul (1978), “Literacy in the Spartan Oligarchy”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 98, 25-37.
  • CARTLEDGE, Paul (1981), “Spartan Wives: Liberation or Licence?”, The Classical Quarterly, 31, 84-105.
  • CONSTANTINIDOU, Soteroula (1998), “Dionysiac Elements in Spartan Cult Dances”, Phoenix, 52, 15-30.
  • DAWKINS, R. M. (1929), The Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta, excavated and described by Members of the British School at Athens, 1906-1910, London.
  • DUCAT, Jean (2009), “Perspectives on Spartan Education in the Clasical Period”, Sparta: New Perspectives, Trans. Emma Stafford, Edt. Stephen Hodkinson and Anton Powel, Wales, 43-67.
  • GRAF, Fritz (1984), “Women, War, and Warlike Divinities”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 55, 245-254.
  • HARVEY, F. D. (1966), “Literacy in the Athenian Democracy”, Revue des Études Grecques, 79, 585-635.
  • KENNELL, M. Nigel (1995), The Gymnasium of Virtue: Education and Culture in Ancient Sparta, London.
  • MANSFIELD, John Magruder (1985), The Robe of Athena and The Panathenaic Peplos, Doktora Tezi, University of California, Berkeley.
  • MARROU, H. I., (1956), A History of Edducation in Antiquity, Trans. George Lamb, New York.
  • PECK, Harry Thurston (1898), Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (1977), “ Technikai kai Mousikai: The Education of Women in the Fourth Century and in the Hellenistic Period,” AJAH, 2, 51-68.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (1996), Families in Classical and Hellenistic Greece: Representation and Realities, New York.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (2002), Spartan Women, Oxford.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (1994), Xenophon Oeconomicus: A Social and Historical Commentary, Oxford.
  • POMEROY, Sarah B. (1995), Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity, New York.
  • ROMANO, D. G. (1983). “The Ancient Stadium: Athletics and Arete”, Ancient World, 7, 9-16.
  • SMITH, William (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London.
  • THESLEFF, Holger (1961), An Inroduction To The Pythagorean Writings Of The Hellenistic Period, Turku.
  • TRACY, Stephen V. (1991). Christian Habicht, “New and Old Panathenaic Victor Lists”, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 60, 2, 187-236.
  • VOYATZIS, Mary (1992), “Votive Riders Seated Side-Saddle at Early Greek Sanctuaries”, The Annual of the British School at Athens, 87, 259-279.
  • WOODWARD, A. M. (1908/1909), “Laconia: I. Excavation at Sparta, 1909”, The Annual of the Bristish School at Athens, 15, 40-106.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eski Yunan ve Roma Tarihi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Rahim Kızgut 0000-0001-8898-1859

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 17 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 28

Kaynak Göster

APA Kızgut, R. (2024). Sparta Kadınının Eğitimi ve Sosyal Hayattaki Rolü. Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(28), 79-100. https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.1416364