Body Composition Determination in Children: Bioelectric Impedance Analysis

Öz

The effect of body composition during childhood gives information about risk factors of adulthood. Therefore, monitoring the changes in body water, bone mass, fat mass and lean body mass in childhood and the effect of exercise on these changes have been the research area of clinical health and sports sciences. The components that make up the body weight of children change at different rates and contents in different growth and development periods. The most critical point is to choose useful, valid and reliable method in measuring and evaluating body composition during growth and development. Most of the laboratory methods used to reach the most accurate result require expertise. Easy field methods are preferred in the measurement of large groups that do not have a laboratory environment. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is frequently chosen in scientific studies due to its ease of use and portability. It is very easy to obtain accurate and precise results by determining the BIA model and formula suitable for the specific population. In this review, the reasons why children differ from adults, the methods used in measurements and the limitations of the developed formulas have been revealed. Studies on the methods used to determine body composition component are discussed. Approaches in the use of raw data obtained from BIA and the selection of population-specific regression formula instead of the formula in the software of the model are discussed. This review also reveals the difference in children athletes, which is a very special group. Moreover, which data should be taken into account in order to reach the correct results in determining fat and lean body mass that affect physiological and performance factors were summarised in this review.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bioelectrical impedance analysis
• athletes
• fat mass
• lean body mass
• total body water

Çocuklarda Vücut Kompozisyonunun Belirlenmesi: Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analizi

Öz

Çocukluk döneminde vücut kompozisyonunun etkisi, yetişkinlik dönemi risk faktörleri hakkında bilgi vermektedir. Bu nedenle, çocukluk döneminde, vücut suyu, kemik kütlesi, yağ kütlesi ve yağsız vücut kütlesindeki değişimin takip edilmesi ve egzersizin bu değişimlere olan etkisi klinik sağlık ve spor bilimlerinin araştırma alanı olmuştur. Çocukların vücut ağırlığını oluşturan bileşenler farklı büyüme ve gelişim döneminde değişmektedir. Büyüme ve gelişme döneminde vücut kompozisyonu ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesinde, kullanışlı, geçerli ve güvenilir yöntemin seçilmesi en kritik noktadır. En doğru sonuca ulaşabilmek için kullanılan laboratuvar yöntemlerinin çoğu uzmanlık gerektirmektedir. Laboratuvar ortamı olmayan büyük çalışma gruplarının ölçümünde kolay saha yöntemleri tercih edilmektedir. Çoğu zaman kullanım kolaylığı ve taşınabilir olması nedeniyle bilimsel çalışmalarda sıklıkla Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analizi (BİA) seçilmektedir. Popülasyona uygun BİA modelinin ve formülünün belirlenmesiyle doğru ve kesin sonuçlar elde edilmesi oldukça kolaydır. Bu derlemede, çocukların neden yetişkinlerden farklılaştığı, ölçümlerde kullanılan yöntem ve geliştirilmiş formüllerin sınırlılıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Vücut kompozisyonu bileşenlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılan yöntemlere ait çalışmalar tartışılmıştır. BİA’dan elde edilen ham verinin kullanımındaki yaklaşımlar ve modele ait yazılımdaki formül yerine popülasyona özel uygun regresyon formülünün seçimi ele alınmıştır. Bu derlemede ayrıca, oldukça özel bir grup olan sporcu çocuklardaki farklılıklar analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca fizyolojik ve performans faktörlerini etkileyen yağ ve yağsız vücut kütlesinin belirlenmesinde doğru sonuçlara ulaşmak için hangi verilerin dikkate alınması gerektiği bu derlemede özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analizi
• sporcu çocuklar
• yağ kütlesi
• yağsız vücut kütlesi
• toplam vücut suyu

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