Az Gören Bireylerin Rekreatif Faaliyetlere Katılım Engelleri ile Algılanan Stres ilişkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 23 - 32, 31.03.2021

İpek Aydın

https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.832197

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; az gören bireylerde rekreatif faaliyetlere katılmanın önündeki engellerin ve az gören bireylerin algılanan streslerinin incelenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda Rekreatif Faaliyetlere Katılımın Önündeki Engeller ölçeği ve Algılanan Stres ölçeğinden oluşan anket formu 125 az gören bireye uygulanmıştır. Anket kapsamında kullanılan ölçek maddeleri arasındaki içsel tutarlılık Cronbach alpha katsayısı ile ölçülmüştür. Çalışmada Rekreatif Faaliyetlere Katılım Engelleri ölçeğinin yapısal geçerliliği ölçmek amacıyla faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Rekreatif Faaliyetlere Katılım Engelleri değişkenleri ve Algılanan Stres arasındaki ilişkinin kuvvetini ve yönünü belirlemek amacıyla korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Rekreatif Faaliyetlere Katılımın Önündeki Engeller boyutlarının Algılanan Stres üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacı ile regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre az gören bireylerin Algılanan Stres düzeylerini etkileyen Rekreatif Faaliyetlere Katılımın Önündeki Engeller değişkenleri Psikolojik ve Sosyal Yetersizlikler, Maddi Yetersizlikler ve Fiziksel Yetersizlikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Algılanan Stres ile Psikolojik ve Sosyal Yetersizlikler ve Maddi Yetersizlikler boyutları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. Regresyon analizinde elde edilen bulgulara göre, az gören bireylerin Algılanan Stres düzeylerini etkileyen Rekreatif Faaliyetlere Katılım Engelleri değişkenleri Psikolojik ve Sosyal Yetersizlikler ve Maddi Yetersizlikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda az gören bireylerin de bu faaliyetlere katılıp kazanımlardan faydalanmalarını sağlamak amacıyla az gören bireyin ailesi ve çevresinin daha duyarlı olması ve yerel yönetimlerin bu engellere yönelik geliştirici düzenlemeler gerçekleştirmeleri önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Algılanan Stres, Az Gören Bireyler, Görme Engeli, Rekreasyon

The Relationship between Barriers to Participation in Recreational Activities and The Perceived Stress in Low Vision Individuals

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the barriers to participation in recreational activities and perceived stress of the people with low vision. In accordance with this purpose, a questionnaire, consisting of the Barriers to Participation in Recreative Activities and the Perceived Stress scales, was applied to 125 people with low vision. Cronbach’s alpha calculated to internal consistency of the scale items. In order to test construct validity, exploratory factor analysis has applied to barriers to participation in recreational activities data set. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between the barriers to participation in recreative activities variables and perceived stress. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the dimensions of barriers to participation in recreative activities on perceived stress. According to the findings, the variables of Barriers to participation in recreative activities, which affect the perceived stress levels of individuals with low vision, were determined as psychological and social disabilities material disabilities and physical disabilities. Positive relationship was found between psychological and social disabilities and material disabilities. According to regression analyse, psychological and social disabilities and material disabilities have positive effect on barriers to participation in recreational activities. In this context, in order to enable individuals with low vision to participate in these activities and benefit from the gains, the family and environment of the individual can be more sensitive and local governments can make improvements for these barriers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Perceived Stress, low vision individuals, visually impaired, recreation

Kaynakça

• Akyol, C. ve Akkaşoğlu, S. (2020). Gençlerin boş zamanlarında rekreasyon faaliyetlerine katılım engelleri üzerine bir araştırma, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 8 (3), 2072-2089.
• Augestad, L. B. ve Jiang, L. (2015). Physical activity, physical fitness, and body composition among children and young adults with visual impairments: A systematic review. The British Journal of Visual Impairment, 33(3), 167–182. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0264619615599813.
• Baltaş, Z., Atakuman, Y. ve Duman, Y. (1998). Standardization of the Perceived Stress Scale: Perceived Stress in Turkish Middle Managers. Stress and Anxiety Research Society, 19th International Conference, İstanbul.
• Bashir, R., Bano, H. ve Sajan, H. M. (2014). Leisure time activities of students with visual impairment. Academic Research International, 5(5), 186–196.
• Berger, S. (2012). Is my world getting smaller? The challenges of living with vision loss. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 106(1), 5–16.
• Brennan, M., ve Cardinali, G. (2000). The use of pre-existing and novel coping strategies in adapting to age-related vision loss. Gerontologist, 40, 327–334.
• Bruce, I., Harrow, J. ve Obolenskaya, P. (2007). Blind and partially sighted people’s perceptions of their inclusion by family and friends. The British Journal of Visual Impairment, 25(1), 68–85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0264619607071778.
• Brunes, A., Krokstad, E. ve Augestad, L. B. (2017). How to succeed? Physical activity for individuals who are blind. The British Journal of Visual Impairment, 35(3), 264–274. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0264619617716720.
• Butler. L., Waelde, L.C., Hastings, A.T., Chen, X..H, Symons, B., Marshall, J., Kaufman, A., Nagy, T.F., Blasey, C.M., Seibert, E.O. ve Spiegel, D. (2008). Meditation with yoga, group therapy, with hypnosis, and psychoeducation for long-term depressed mood: a randomized pilot trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 806-820. doi:10.1002/jclp.20496.
• Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. ve Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396.
• Dunn, A.L., Trivedi, M.H., Kampert, J.B., Clark, C.G. ve Chambliss, H.O. (2005). Exercise treatment for depression efficacy and dose response. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 28, 1-8.
• Dupuis S. L. ve Smale B. J. A. (1995). An examination ofrelationship between psychological well-being and depression and leisure activity participants among olderadults. Society and Leisure 18, 67–92.
• Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., ve Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Analizi. In New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140.
• Evans, B.J.W. ve Rowlands, G. (2004). Correctable visual impairment in older people: A major unmet need. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 24, 161–180.
• Giese, M., Teigland, C. ve Giessing, J. (2017). Physical activity, body composition, and well-being of school children and youths with visual impairments in Germany. The British Journal of Visual Impairment, 35(2), 120–129. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0264619617689905.
• Gürbüz, B. ve Karaküçük S. (2007). Boş zaman engelleri ölçeği-28: ölçek geliştirme, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi (Gazi BESBD), XII, 1, 3 - 10.
• Haegele, J. A. (2015). Promoting leisure-time physical activity for students with visual impairments using generalization tactics. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 109(4), 322–326.
• Haegele, J. A., Famelia, R. ve Lee, J. (2017). Health-related quality of life, physical activity, and sedentary behavior of adults with visual impairments. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39(22), 2269–2276. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1225825.
• Hutchinson, S.L., Yarnal, C.M., Staffordson, J. ve Kerstetter, D.L. (2008). Beyond fun and friendship: the Red Hat Society as a coping resource for older women. Ageing & Society, 28, 979- 999. doi: 10.1017/S0144686X0800705.
• Iwasaki Y., MacKay K., Mactavish J., Ristock J. ve BartlettJ. (2006). Voices from the margins: stress, active living,and leisure as a contributor to coping with stress. Leisure Sciences 28, 163–180.
• Iwasaki Y., Mactavish J. ve MacKay K. (2005). Building onstrengths and resilience: leisure as a stress survival strat-egy. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 33,81–100.
• Iwasaki, Y. (2003). Examining rival models of leisure coping mechanisms. Leisure Sciences, 25, 183-206.
• Jackson E. L. (2009). Activity‐specific barriers to recreation participation. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 47-60. doi: 10.1080/01490408309513021.
• Jessup, G. M., Cornell, E., ve Bundy, A. C. (2010). The treasure in leisure activities: Fostering resilience in young people who are blind. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 104(7), 419–430.
• Kale, U. (2020, 18 Kasım). Görme yetersizliği olan bireyler, toplumdaki yeri ve çevre düzenlemeleri. Erişim Tarihi: https://www.turged.org.tr/bilgi.php?bid=4
• Kaya, E. ve Sarı, İ. (2018). Bedensel ve görme engelli bireylerin çeşitli değişkenler açısından boş zaman tutumlarının incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(4), 19-31.
• Kelly, S. M., Ajuwon, P. M., ve Wolffe, K. E. (2015). The recreation and leisure pursuits of employed adults with visual impairments in Nigeria: Part 1. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 109(1), 19–30.
• Khalsa, S.B.S., Shorter, S.M., Cope, S., Wyshak, G. ve Sklar, E. (2009).Yoga ameliorates performance anxiety and mood disturbance in young professional musicians. Applied Psychophysiological Biofeedback, 34, 279-289. doi: 10.1007/s10484-009- 9103-4.
• Łabudzki, J. ve Tasiemski, T. (2013). Physical activity and life satisfaction in blind and visually impaired individuals. Human Movement, 14, 210–216. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.2478/humo-2013-0025.
• Lee, E.K.O. ve Brennan, M. (2006). Stress Constellations and Coping Styles of Older Adults with Age-Related Visual Impairment. Health & Social Work, 31(4), 289-298.
• Massof, R.W., Hsu, C. T., Baker, F. H., Barnett, G. D., Park, W. L., Deremeik, J. T., Rainey, C., Epstein, C. (2005). Visual disability variables. I: The ımportance and difficulty of activity goals for a sample of low-vision patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86, 946-953.
• Marston, J. R. ve Golledge, R.G. (2003). The hidden demand for participation in activities and travel by persons who are visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 97 (8), 475-488.
• Nunnally. J.C. (1967) Psychometric Theory McGraw Hill, New York.
• Passini, R., Dupré, A., ve Langlois, C. (1986). Spatial mobility of the visually handicapped active person: A descriptive study. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 80(8), 904–907.
• Perkins, K., Columna, L., Lieberman, L. ve Bailey, J. (2013). Parents’ perceptions of physical activity for their children with visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 107(2), 131–142.
• Rees, G., Saw, C. L., Lamoureux, E. L. ve Keeffe, J. E. (2007). Self-management programs for adults with low vision: Needs and challenges. Patient Education and Counseling, 69(1-3), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.016.
• Roe, J. (2008). Social inclusion: Meeting the socio-emotional needs of children with vision needs. The British Journal of Visual Impairment, 26(2), 147–158 doi:10.1177/0264619607088277.
• Stevens-Ratchford, R. ve Krause, A. (2004). Visually impaired older adults and home-based leisure activities: The effects of person-environment congruence. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 98(1), 14–27.
• Tutuncu, O ve Lieberman, L. (2016). Accessibility of Hotels for People with Visual Impairments: From Research to Practice. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, May-June, 163-175.
• Tütüncü, Ö., Aydın, İ., Küçükusta, D., Avcı, N. ve Taş, İ . (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin rekreasyon faaliyetlerine katılımını etkileyen unsurların analizi, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22 (2) , 69-83.
• Vučinić, V., Gligorović, M., Anđelković M. (2020). Leisure in persons with vision impairment. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103673.
• World Health Organization (1997). WHOQOL: MeasuringQuality of Life. World Health Organization, Geneva.
• Yerlikaya, E. E. ve İnanç, B. (2007). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçe çevirisinin psikometrik özellikleri. IX. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, İzmir.