Etnik Temelli Çatışmalara BM Müdahalesi: Ruanda ve Bosna

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 227 - 240, 30.09.2022

İrem Güldem Karar

Öz

Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) barış operasyonlarının yirmi birinci
yüzyıldaki en büyük imtihanı Ruanda ve Bosna soykırımlarıdır. Bunun
nedeni, BM’nin her iki ülkede de yaşanan soykırımı önlemede yetersiz
kalmasıdır. Bu yüzden, bu iki vaka çalışması tesadüfen seçilmemiştir. İki
vaka çalışmasında etnik nefretin doğurduğu soykırım sonucunun
yanında BM barış operasyonlarının Ruanda ve Bosna’daki rolüne
değinilecektir. Böylelikle, bu çalışma üç ana soruya cevap verecektir.
İlki, Ruanda ve Bosna’daki etnik nefretin kaynağı ve soykırımdaki rolü
nedir? İkincisi, Ruanda ve Bosna gibi etnik savaşlarda BM’nin rolü
nedir? Son olarak, Ruanda ve Bosna soykırımının etnik nedenlere dayalı
benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları nelerdir? Bu bağlamda etnik ve ırksal
farklılıkların her iki ülkede de soykırımına yol açtığı ve BM
müdahalesinin etnik nefret seviyesinin çok yüksek olmasından dolayı
Ruanda ve Bosna’daki müdahalesinin etkili olamadığını sonucuna
varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Birleşmiş Milletler, Etnik Çatışma, Ruanda Soykırımı, Bosna Etnik Temizliği, Barış Operasyonları, Birleşmiş Milletler, Etnik Çatışma, Ruanda Soykırımı, Bosna Etnik Temizliği, Barış Operasyonları

UN Intervention in Ethnic Based Conflicts: Rwanda and Bosnia

Öz

The biggest test of UN peacekeeping operations in the 21st century is the genocides in Rwanda and Bosnia. This is because the UN was incapable of preventing the genocide that took place in both countries. Therefore, these two case studies were not chosen by chance. In two case studies, the role of UN peacekeeping operations in Rwanda and Bosnia, as well as the outcome of genocide caused by ethnic hatred, will be addressed. Thus, this study will answer three main questions. Firstly, what is the origin of ethnic hatred in Rwanda and Bosnia and its role in the genocide? Secondly, What is the role of UN in ethnic wars such as Rwanda and Bosnia? Lastly, What are the similarities and differences between Rwanda and Bosnia genocide based on ethnic reasons? In this context, it was concluded that ethnic and racial differences caused genocide in both countries and the UN intervention in Rwanda and Bosnia could not be effective due to the high level of ethnic hatred.

Anahtar Kelimeler

United Nations, Etnic Conflict, Rwanda Genocide, Bosnian Etnic Cleasing, Peace Operations, United Nations, Etnic Conflict, Rwanda Genocide, Bosnian Etnic Cleasing, Peace Operations

Kaynakça

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