Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Etkinliklerinin Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Çocukların Motor Becerilerine Etkisinin Cinsiyet Farklılıkları Açısından İncelenmesi

Öz

Çalışmada, beden eğitimi ve spor etkinliklerinin okul öncesi çocukların motor becerilerine etkisi cinsiyet farklılıkları açısından incelenmiştir. 5-6 yaş gurubu erkek(n=15) ve kız(n=15) 30 okul öncesi eğitim gören öğrenciye, 12 hafta boyunca haftada 2 gün v e 30 dakika süren, eğitsel oyun formunda beden eğitimi ve spor aktiviteleri uygulanmıştır. Beden eğitimi ve spor aktiviteleri; yürüyüş, koşu, atlama ve denge egzersizleri içerirken, top, ip, hunu ve çember gibi materyaller kullanılmıştır. Çalışma ön test ve son test metoduna göre düzenlenmiştir. Çocukların motor becerileri Morris, Atwater Williams ve Wilmore (1980) tarafından geliştirilmiş, denge, çabukluk, koşu, yakalama, durarak uzun atlama ve fırlatma kriterleri içeren motor performans testleri uygulanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Öntest ve sontest yöntemi ile elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 istatistik programı kullanılarak, testler arasındaki bağımlı örneklemler için t testi (Paired-Sample t test) uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, hem erkek hem de kız çocukların motor beceri testlerindeki performansları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Beden eğitimi ve hareket eğitiminin 5-6 yaş grubu çocuklarda motor performansa olumlu etki ettiği söylenebilir. Veriler cinsiyet farklılıkları açısından incelendiğinde, kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre denge testinde %3,03, çabukluk testinde ise %2,62 daha fazla gelişim sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Diğer parametrelerdeki gelişimle ise erkek öğrenciler lehine oluşmuştur. Buna göre erkek öğrenciler koşu testinde %2,78, yakalama testinde %13,77, durarak uzun atlama testinde %5,33 ve fırlatma testinde %6,48 daha başarılı olmuşlardır. Sonuç olarak; beden eğitimi ve spor aktivitelerinin 5-6 yaş grubu okul öncesi erkek ve kız çocukların motor becerilerinin gelişimine olumlu katkı sağlayabileceği söylenebilir. Fakat, çocukların motor performanslarında gözlenen olumlu gelişmenin, büyüme süreçlerinin doğal seyri içerisindeki bir durum olarak mı yoksa beden eğitimi ve spor hareketlerinin olumlu katkısı olarak mı ortaya çıktığı incelenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beden eğitimi ve spor
• cinsiyet farklılıkları
• motor beceri
• motor performans
• okul öncesi eğitim.

Investigation of The Effects of Physical Education And Sports Activities on The Motor Skills of Preschool Children In Terms Of Gender Differences

Öz

In the study, the effects of physical education and sports activities on the motor skills of preschool children were examined in terms of gender differences. Physical education and sports activities in the form of educational games were applied to 30 pre-school students aged 5-6, boys (n=15) and girls (n=15), 2 days a week and 30 minutes for 12 weeks. Physical education and sports activities; While it included walking, running, jumping and balance exercises, materials such as balls, ropes, funnels and hoops were used. The study was organized according to the pretest and posttest method. Children's motor skills were evaluated by applying motor performance tests developed by Morris, Atwater Williams and Wilmore (1980) that included balance, agility, running, catching, standing long jump and throwing criteria. The data obtained with the pretest and posttest method were analyzed by using the SPSS 23.0 statistical program and applying the t test (Paired-Sample t test) for dependent samples between the tests. According to the findings, the performances of both boys and girls in motor skill tests were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). It can be said that physical education and movement training have a positive effect on motor performance in children aged 5-6. When the data were examined in terms of gender differences, it was concluded that female students made 3.03% more improvement in the balance test and 2.62% more improvement in the agility test than male students. With the development in other parameters, it was in favor of male students. Accordingly, male students were 2.78% more successful in the running test, 13.77% in the catching test, 5.33% in the standing long jump test and 6.48% in the throwing test. In conclusion; It can be said that physical education and sports activities can positively contribute to the development of motor skills of 5-6 years old preschool boys and girls. However, it should be examined whether the positive development observed in children's motor performance occurs as a result of the natural course of growth processes or as the positive contribution of physical education and sports movements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Physical education and sports
• gender differences
• motor skills
• motor performance
• pre-school education.

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