Sedanter yetişkinlerde tüm vücut elektromyostimülasyon antrenmanının vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri

Öz

Kas dokularına ve motor noktalara deri yoluyla dışarıdan uygulanan elektrik akımları ile kas kasılmasını sağlayarak istemli kas aktivasyonuna dayanan, kısa sürede uygulanarak zaman kazandıran yenilikçi bir antrenman yöntemi olan tüm vücut elektromiyostimülasyon (WB-EMS) antrenmanının aktif olmayan yetişkinlerde sağlıklı yaşamın temel gereksinimlerinden biri olan vücut kompozisyonu üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, WB-EMS antrenmanının aktif olmayan yetişkinlerde vücut kompozisyonu üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya günlük yaşamlarında egzersiz yapmayan 30-39 yaş arası elli beş yetişkin gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar iki gruba ayrılmıştır: antrenman grubu (TG, n=27) ve kontrol grubu (KG, n=28). Antrenman grubu sekiz hafta boyunca haftada iki kez WB-EMS antrenmanı yaparken, kontrol grubu herhangi bir antrenman programı olmaksızın rutin yaşamlarına devam etmiştir. Vücut kompozisyonu ölçümleri Tanita BC 418 model cihaz kullanılarak antrenman programı öncesinde ve sonrasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ön-test ve son-test ölçümlerini karşılaştırmak için 2*2 Tekrarlı Ölçümler ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, ABD) programında analiz edilmiş ve anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Zaman ve grup-zaman etkileşimlerinde vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ yüzdesi ve vücut kitle indeksi sonuçları anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Ancak, yağsız vücut kütlesi için herhangi bir etkileşim bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Aktif olmayan yetişkinlerde sekiz haftalık WB-EMS antrenman programı vücut ağırlığını, vücut yağ yüzdesini ve vücut kitle indeksini azaltırken, yağsız vücut kitlesini değiştirmemiştir. Dolayısıyla, WB-EMS antrenmanı özellikle vücudun yağ dokusunda önemli değişiklikler meydana getirmektedir. Kısa sürede yüksek kas aktivasyonu sağlayan WB-EMS sistemi antrenmanı, düzenli egzersiz yapamayan yetişkinlerde vücut yağ kütlesini azaltmak amacıyla uygulanması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elektromiyostimülasyon (EMS)
• vücut kompozisyonu
• vücut kitle indeksi

The Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Training on Body Composition in Sedentary Adults

Öz

It is necessary to determine the effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training, which is an innovative training method that is based on voluntary muscle activation by providing muscle contraction with electrical currents applied externally through the skin to muscle tissues and motor points and saves time by being applied in a short time, on body composition, which is one of the basic requirements of healthy life in inactive adults. The study aimed to explore the impact of WB-EMS training on body composition in inactive adults. Fifty-five adults aged 30-39 who did not engage in regular exercise voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: the training group (TG, n=27) and the control group (CG, n=28). The training group performed WB-EMS training twice weekly for eight weeks, while the control group continued their usual routines without any training intervention. Body composition measurements were taken before and after the training program using the Tanita BC 418 model device. A 2*2 Repeated Measures ANOVA was employed to compare pre-test and post-test measures, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was set at p<0.05. The results showed significant changes in body weight, body fat percentage, and body mass index due to time and group-time interactions (p<0.05). However, no significant interaction was related to lean body mass (p>0.05). The eight-week WB-EMS training program decreased body weight, body fat percentage, and body mass index among inactive adults, while lean body mass remained unchanged. Therefore, WB-EMS training creates significant changes, especially in the body's fat tissue. WB-EMS system training, which provides high muscle activation in a short time, can be recommended for adults who cannot exercise regularly to reduce body fat mass.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Electromyostimulation (EMS)
• body composition
• body mass index

Kaynakça

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