Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes' Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1 , 1 - 15 , 30.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1767408
https://izlik.org/JA92KX49CF

Öz

This study systematically reveals how athletes' motivation is strengthened by off-field leadership support and the positive effects this has on success. In the world of sports, leadership is shaped not only by on-field performance but also by psychological and social factors off the field. This study aims to examine the impact of off-field leadership on the motivation capacities developed by athletes throughout their training process and the relationship between these capacities and success from a theoretical perspective. Although leadership in sports is mostly evaluated in the context of on-field performance, off-field leadership plays a decisive role in athletes' psychological development, identity construction, and long-term success. In this context, the research is structured around three main dimensions: the role of off-field leadership in the construction of athlete identity, the interaction between leadership and motivation in the training process, and the impact of psychological factors on success. The study was conducted within the framework of a qualitative research approach, and the multidimensional meaning of off-site leadership was theoretically analysed using phenomenological analysis methods. In this study, which is not based on field data, the analysis was conducted based on the relevant literature and theoretical framework. The findings reveal that athletes' motivational development is strengthened by leadership-based social support mechanisms and that this development contributes significantly to success. The original value of the study lies in its multidisciplinary perspective, which relates off-field leadership to motivational capacity and considers individual success not only in terms of physical performance but also in terms of psychological and social processes. In this respect, the study makes important contributions to the literature on sports education, leadership theories, and sports psychology.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Afshari A, Safarzadeh S. Correlation between brain-behavioral systems and sports success in athletes: Mediated by resilience. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2025; 1–14.
  • 2. Agergaard S, Lenneis V. Rethinking the vulnerability of groups targeted in health-promoting sports and physical activity programs. In: Rethinking Sport and Social Issues, Andreasson, J and Henning, A, eds. Basel: MDPI, 2024.
  • 3. Aoyagi K, Ishii K, Shibata A, Arai H, Fukamachi H, Oka K. A qualitative investigation of the factors perceived to influence student motivation for school-based extracurricular sports participation in Japan. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 2020; 25(1): 624-637.
  • 4. Bertelloni S, Ruggeri S, Baroncelli GI. Effects of sports training in adolescence on growth, puberty and bone health. Gynecological Endocrinology, 2006; 22(11): 605–612.
  • 5. Biddle, S, Mutrie, N, Gorely, T, Faulkner, G. Psychology of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-Being and Interventions (4th ed.). London: Routledge, 2021.
  • 6. Burns A, Collins, D. Interdisciplinary practice in performance sport: A scoping review of evidence of collaboration. European Journal of Sport Science, 2023; 23(9): 1877–1891.
  • 7. Chen YL, Liu YF, Huang CY, Lee SD, Chan YS, Chen CC, Kuo CH. Normalization effect of sports training on blood pressure in hypertensives. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010; 28(4): 361–367.
  • 8. Côté J, Gilbert W. An integrative definition of coaching effectiveness and expertise. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 2009; 4(3): 307–323.
  • 9. Cotterill ST, Fransen K. Athlete leadership in sport teams: Current understanding and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2016; 9(1): 116-133.
  • 10. Cotterill ST, Loughead TM, Fransen, K. Athlete leadership development within teams: Current understanding and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022; 13: 820745.
  • 11. Curtis TR. Encouraging student-athletes’ academic success through task orientation goal-setting. Journal of College and Character, 2006; 7(3): 1-5.
  • 12. De Bosscher V, De Knop P, Van Bottenburg M, Shibli, S. A conceptual framework for analysing sports policy factors leading to international sporting success. European Sport Management Quarterly, 2006; 6(2): 185-215.
  • 13. De Meester A, Maes J, Stodden D, Cardon G, Goodway J, Lenoir M, Haerens L. Identifying profiles of actual and perceived motor competence among adolescents: Associations with motivation, physical activity, and sports participation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016; 34(21): 2027–2037.
  • 14. Descheemaeker K, De Bosscher V, Shibli S, van Bottenburg M. The trickle-up effect: Exploring the relationship between youth sports participation and elite sporting success. Managing Sport and Leisure, 2025; 1–17.
  • 15. Ferkins L, Shilbury D, O’Boyle I. Collective leadership in nonprofit sport boards. Sport Management Review, 2025; 28:2: 257-281.
  • 16. Fletcher RB, Roberts MH. Longitudinal stability of the leadership scale for sports. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 2013; 17(2): 89–104.
  • 17. Fransen K, Mertens N, Cotterill ST, Vande Broek G, Boen, F. From autocracy to empowerment: Teams with shared leadership perceive their coaches to be better leaders. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2020; 32(1): 5–27.
  • 18. Gabana NT, Wong YJ, D’Addario A, Chow GM. The Athlete Gratitude Group (TAGG): Effects of coach participation in a positive psychology intervention with youth athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2022; 34(2): 229–250.
  • 19. González-Haro C, Calleja-González J, Escanero JF. Learning styles favoured by professional, amateur, and recreational athletes in different sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010; 28(8): 859–866.
  • 20. Gould D, Carson S. Life skills development through sport: Current status and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2008; 1(1): 58–78.
  • 21. Gould D, Voelker DK. Youth sport leadership development: Leveraging the sports captaincy experience. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2010; 1(1): 1–14.
  • 22. Guillén M. Motivation in organisations: Searching for a meaningful work-life balance. London: Routledge, 2021.
  • 23. Gupta S, McCarthy PJ. The sporting resilience model: A systematic review of resilience in sport performers. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022; 13: 1003053
  • 24. Gutiérrez-Capote A, Jiménez-Martínez J, Madinabeitia I, de Orbe-Moreno M, Pesce C, Cardenas D. Sport as cognition enhancer from childhood to young adulthood: A systematic review focused on sport modality. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2024; 22(2): 395–427.
  • 25. Jin H, Kim S, Love A, Jin Y, Zhao J. Effects of leadership style on coach athlete relationship, athletes’ motivations, and athlete satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022; 13: 1012953.
  • 26. Joseph J, Awasthi S, Mulla ZR. Leadership for disaster resilience: Lessons from India. London: Routledge, 2023.
  • 27. Kang P, Yoo S, Davis S, Serrano MHG, Ko YJ. Exploring Need Segments of Recreational Sports Participants. Journal of Global Sport Management, 2025; 1–24.
  • 28. Kaplanidou K, Kerwin S, Karadakis K. Understanding sport event success: Exploring perceptions of sport event consumers and event providers. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 2013; 18(3): 137–159.
  • 29. Keh HC, Wang Y. Using detected physiological traits to revive sports training. International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2008; 28(4), 430–438.
  • 30. Kim MJ, Mao, LL, Seidler T, Barnes J. The shift in sports viewing: Scale development and validation for mediated sports consumption motivation. European Sport Management Quarterly, 2024; 25(2), 238–260.
  • 31. Kopp A, Reichert M, Jekauc, D. Trait and ability emotional intelligence and its impact on sports performance of athletes. Sports, 2021; 9(5): 60.
  • 32. Kościółek S. Equity crowdfunding in sports clubs: Consumer- oriented strategic marketing. London: Routledge, 2024.
  • 33. Lange Smith S, Cabot J, Coffee P, Gunnel K, Tod D. The efficacy of psychological skills training for enhancing performance in sport: a review of reviews. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2024; 22(4): 1012–1029.
  • 34. Loland S. The idea of natural athletic performance: An interpretation and a defence. In: Sport, Performance and Sustainability, Svensson, D, Backman, E, Hedenborg, S and Sörlin, S, eds. London: Routledge, 2023.
  • 35. Magano J, Leite Â. The motivation scale for sport consumption: Turkish and Spanish versions’ psychometric properties. Managing Sport and Leisure, 2022; 29(3): 373–391.
  • 36. Manninen M, Dishman R, Hwang Y, Magrum E, Deng Y, Yli Piipari S. Self determination theory based instructional interventions and motivational regulations in organized physical activity: A systematic review and multivariate meta analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2022; 62: 102248.
  • 37. Mascherini G, Petri C, Stefani L, Toncelli L, Bini V, Cala P, Galanti G. The impact of the weight status on cardiovascular parameters related to physical effort in young athletes. In: Physical Activity and Sports Practice in Improving Body Composition and Sustainable Health, Georgian, B and Campa, F, eds. Basel: MDPI, 2021.
  • 38. Megheirkouni M. Psychological contract, leadership, and job satisfaction: An empirical investigation into the non-profit sports sector. Annals of Leisure Research, 2020; 25(2): 203–226.
  • 39. Mennes MA. Motivation – mechanisms of the mind and their quest for expression: Introduction to a study on a theoretical model of the process of motivation. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press., 2023.
  • 40. Miklian J, Katsos JE. Ethical leadership in conflict and crisis: Evidence from leaders on how to make more peaceful, sustainable, and profitable communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024.
  • 41. Monda SJ, Voelker DK, Kimball AC, Cardone D. The student- athlete leadership academy: Ten years of interscholastic sport leadership training. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2016; 7(2): 98–108.
  • 42. Moran AP, Toner J. A critical introduction to sport psychology (3rd ed.). London: Routledge, 2017.
  • 43. Mutter F, Pawlowski T. Role models in sports – Can success in professional sports increase the demand for amateur sport participation?. Sport Management Review, 2013; 17(3): 324–336.
  • 44. Næss HE, Svendsen M. Sport, leadership, and social inclusion. London: Routledge, 2025.
  • 45. Niemandt N. Missional leadership. In: HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 7, Cape Town: AOSIS, 2019.
  • 46. Nista-Piccolo VL, Sobreira V. Sports pedagogy: From initiation to sports training. Sports Coaching Review, 2016; 5(2): 186–188.
  • 47. Northouse PG. Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2021.
  • 48. Ntoumanis N, Pensgaard AM, Martin C, Pipe K. An idiographic analysis of amotivation in compulsory school physical education. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 2004; 26(2): 197–214.
  • 49. Oliveira R, Brito JP. Load monitoring and its relationship with healthcare in sports. In: Improving Athletes’ Performance and Avoiding Health Issues, Brito, JP and Oliveira, R, eds. Basel: MDPI, 2023.
  • 50. Pawlowski T, Downward P, Rasciute S. Does national pride from international sporting success contribute to well-being? An international investigation. Sport Management Review, 2013; 17(2): 121–132.
  • 51. Polirstok S. Building success: The intersection of emotional intelligence, self-regulation, grit and mindset, and high approval teaching. In: Motivation and Success, Taukeni, SG, ed. London: IntechOpen, 2023. 52. Reynolds R, Mjelde JW, Bessler DA. Dynamic relationships among winning in various sports and donations to collegiate athletic departments. Cogent Social Sciences, 2017; 3(1): 1-24.
  • 53. Roldán-Márquez R, Onetti-Onetti W, Alvero-Cruz JR, Castillo-Rodríguez A. Win or lose. physical and physiological responses in paddle tennis competition according to the game result. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2022; 22(4): 479–490.
  • 54. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2017.
  • 55. Schnirring L. Sports training and growth delay: Is there a connection?. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2001; 29(2): 23–27.
  • 56. Sebire SJ, Standage M, Vansteenkiste M. Examining intrinsic versus extrinsic exercise goals: cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 2009; 31(2): 189– 210.
  • 57. Stajkovic AD, Stajkovic KS. Human sustainability and cognitive overload at work: The psychological cost of working. New York, NY: Routledge, 2025.
  • 58. Sulkowski L, Dacko-Pikiewicz Z, Szczepańska-Woszczyna K. Philosophy and leadership: An evolution of leadership from ancient times to the digital age. New York, NY: Routledge, 2024.
  • 59. Suppiah HT, Low CY, Chia M. Effects of sports training on sleep characteristics of Asian adolescent athletes. Biological Rhythm Research, 2015; 46(4): 523–536.
  • 60. Tendinha R, Alves MD, Freitas T, Appleton G, Gonçalves L, Ihle A, Marques A. Impact of Sports Education Model in Physical Education on Students’ Motivation: A Systematic Review. Children, 2021; 8(7): 588.
  • 61. Thomas O, Kucza G, Schuppisser S. Can sports sponsorship affect consumers’ motivation for sports consumption?. Journal of Promotion Management, 2022; 28(7): 893-922.
  • 62. Tipuric D. The enactment of strategic leadership: A critical perspective. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022.
  • 63. Tokarska E, Rogowska, AM. Motivation and self efficacy in cycling and running athletes: A person centered approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 2025; 16: 1533763.
  • 64. Tóth-Király I, Amoura C, Bőthe B, Orosz G, Rigó A. Predictors and outcomes of core and peripheral sport motivation profiles: A person-centered study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020; 38(8): 897–909.
  • 65. Uusiautti S, Määttä K. The psychology of becoming a successful worker: Research on the changing nature of achievement at work. London: Routledge, 2015.
  • 66. Vallerand RJ, Losier GF. An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1999; 11(1): 142–169.
  • 67. Verwijmeren S, de Vries JD, Bakker AB. Playful sport design: A game changer?. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2023; 36(1): 45–74.
  • 68. Whales L, Frawley S, Cohen A, Nikolova N. We are a team of leaders: Practicing leadership in professional sport. Sport Management Review, 2022; 25(3): 476–500.
  • 69. Willis L, Carver Thomas D, Darling Hammond L. District leadership for racial equity: Lessons from school systems that are closing the gap. New York, NY: Routledge, 2025.
  • 70. Zibung M, Conzelmann A. National youth team football players between the conflicting priorities of sports success and vocational training. European Journal for Sport and Society, 2014; 11(2): 127–150.
  • 71. Zuber C, Zibung M, Conzelmann A. Motivational patterns as an instrument for predicting success in promising young football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2014; 33(2), 160–168.
  • 72. Žydžiūnaitė V. Teacher leadership in school for student learning: Experiences of Lithuanian teachers. Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2025.

Saha Dışı Liderlik: Sporcuların Eğitim Sürecinde Gelişen Motivasyon Kapasitelerinin Başarı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1 , 1 - 15 , 30.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1767408
https://izlik.org/JA92KX49CF

Öz

Bu çalışma, sporcuların saha dışı liderlik destekleriyle motivasyonlarının nasıl güçlendiğini ve bunun başarıya olan olumlu etkilerini sistematik olarak ortaya koymaktadır. Spor dünyasında liderlik, sadece saha içi performansla değil, saha dışındaki psikolojik ve sosyal etkenlerle de şekillenmektedir. Bu çalışma, saha dışı liderliğin sporcuların eğitim süreci boyunca geliştirdiği motivasyon kapasiteleri üzerindeki etkisini ve bu kapasitenin başarıyla olan ilişkisini kuramsal bir yaklaşımla ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Sporda liderlik, çoğunlukla saha içi performans bağlamında değerlendirilse de sporcuların psikolojik gelişimi, kimlik inşası ve uzun vadeli başarılarında saha dışı liderliğin belirleyici bir rol oynadığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, araştırma üç temel boyutta yapılandırılmıştır: Saha dışı liderliğin sporcu kimliğinin inşasındaki rolü, liderlik ve motivasyonun eğitim sürecindeki etkileşimi ve psikolojik etkenlerin başarı üzerindeki etkisi. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımı çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve fenomenolojik analiz yöntemiyle saha dışı liderlik olgusunun çok boyutlu anlamı kuramsal olarak çözümlenmiştir. Saha verisine dayanmayan bu çalışmada, ilgili literatür ve kuramsal çerçeve temel alınarak analiz yapılmıştır. Bulgular, sporcuların motivasyonel gelişimlerinin liderlik temelli sosyal destek mekanizmalarıyla güçlendiğini ve bu gelişimin başarıya anlamlı düzeyde katkı sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın özgün değeri, saha dışı liderliği motivasyon kapasitesiyle ilişkilendirerek bireysel başarıyı yalnızca fiziksel performansla değil, psikolojik ve sosyal süreçlerle birlikte ele alan çok disiplinli bir perspektif sunmasıdır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, spor eğitimi, liderlik teorileri ve spor psikolojisi literatürüne önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Afshari A, Safarzadeh S. Correlation between brain-behavioral systems and sports success in athletes: Mediated by resilience. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2025; 1–14.
  • 2. Agergaard S, Lenneis V. Rethinking the vulnerability of groups targeted in health-promoting sports and physical activity programs. In: Rethinking Sport and Social Issues, Andreasson, J and Henning, A, eds. Basel: MDPI, 2024.
  • 3. Aoyagi K, Ishii K, Shibata A, Arai H, Fukamachi H, Oka K. A qualitative investigation of the factors perceived to influence student motivation for school-based extracurricular sports participation in Japan. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 2020; 25(1): 624-637.
  • 4. Bertelloni S, Ruggeri S, Baroncelli GI. Effects of sports training in adolescence on growth, puberty and bone health. Gynecological Endocrinology, 2006; 22(11): 605–612.
  • 5. Biddle, S, Mutrie, N, Gorely, T, Faulkner, G. Psychology of Physical Activity: Determinants, Well-Being and Interventions (4th ed.). London: Routledge, 2021.
  • 6. Burns A, Collins, D. Interdisciplinary practice in performance sport: A scoping review of evidence of collaboration. European Journal of Sport Science, 2023; 23(9): 1877–1891.
  • 7. Chen YL, Liu YF, Huang CY, Lee SD, Chan YS, Chen CC, Kuo CH. Normalization effect of sports training on blood pressure in hypertensives. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010; 28(4): 361–367.
  • 8. Côté J, Gilbert W. An integrative definition of coaching effectiveness and expertise. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 2009; 4(3): 307–323.
  • 9. Cotterill ST, Fransen K. Athlete leadership in sport teams: Current understanding and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2016; 9(1): 116-133.
  • 10. Cotterill ST, Loughead TM, Fransen, K. Athlete leadership development within teams: Current understanding and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022; 13: 820745.
  • 11. Curtis TR. Encouraging student-athletes’ academic success through task orientation goal-setting. Journal of College and Character, 2006; 7(3): 1-5.
  • 12. De Bosscher V, De Knop P, Van Bottenburg M, Shibli, S. A conceptual framework for analysing sports policy factors leading to international sporting success. European Sport Management Quarterly, 2006; 6(2): 185-215.
  • 13. De Meester A, Maes J, Stodden D, Cardon G, Goodway J, Lenoir M, Haerens L. Identifying profiles of actual and perceived motor competence among adolescents: Associations with motivation, physical activity, and sports participation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016; 34(21): 2027–2037.
  • 14. Descheemaeker K, De Bosscher V, Shibli S, van Bottenburg M. The trickle-up effect: Exploring the relationship between youth sports participation and elite sporting success. Managing Sport and Leisure, 2025; 1–17.
  • 15. Ferkins L, Shilbury D, O’Boyle I. Collective leadership in nonprofit sport boards. Sport Management Review, 2025; 28:2: 257-281.
  • 16. Fletcher RB, Roberts MH. Longitudinal stability of the leadership scale for sports. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 2013; 17(2): 89–104.
  • 17. Fransen K, Mertens N, Cotterill ST, Vande Broek G, Boen, F. From autocracy to empowerment: Teams with shared leadership perceive their coaches to be better leaders. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2020; 32(1): 5–27.
  • 18. Gabana NT, Wong YJ, D’Addario A, Chow GM. The Athlete Gratitude Group (TAGG): Effects of coach participation in a positive psychology intervention with youth athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2022; 34(2): 229–250.
  • 19. González-Haro C, Calleja-González J, Escanero JF. Learning styles favoured by professional, amateur, and recreational athletes in different sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010; 28(8): 859–866.
  • 20. Gould D, Carson S. Life skills development through sport: Current status and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2008; 1(1): 58–78.
  • 21. Gould D, Voelker DK. Youth sport leadership development: Leveraging the sports captaincy experience. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2010; 1(1): 1–14.
  • 22. Guillén M. Motivation in organisations: Searching for a meaningful work-life balance. London: Routledge, 2021.
  • 23. Gupta S, McCarthy PJ. The sporting resilience model: A systematic review of resilience in sport performers. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022; 13: 1003053
  • 24. Gutiérrez-Capote A, Jiménez-Martínez J, Madinabeitia I, de Orbe-Moreno M, Pesce C, Cardenas D. Sport as cognition enhancer from childhood to young adulthood: A systematic review focused on sport modality. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2024; 22(2): 395–427.
  • 25. Jin H, Kim S, Love A, Jin Y, Zhao J. Effects of leadership style on coach athlete relationship, athletes’ motivations, and athlete satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022; 13: 1012953.
  • 26. Joseph J, Awasthi S, Mulla ZR. Leadership for disaster resilience: Lessons from India. London: Routledge, 2023.
  • 27. Kang P, Yoo S, Davis S, Serrano MHG, Ko YJ. Exploring Need Segments of Recreational Sports Participants. Journal of Global Sport Management, 2025; 1–24.
  • 28. Kaplanidou K, Kerwin S, Karadakis K. Understanding sport event success: Exploring perceptions of sport event consumers and event providers. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 2013; 18(3): 137–159.
  • 29. Keh HC, Wang Y. Using detected physiological traits to revive sports training. International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2008; 28(4), 430–438.
  • 30. Kim MJ, Mao, LL, Seidler T, Barnes J. The shift in sports viewing: Scale development and validation for mediated sports consumption motivation. European Sport Management Quarterly, 2024; 25(2), 238–260.
  • 31. Kopp A, Reichert M, Jekauc, D. Trait and ability emotional intelligence and its impact on sports performance of athletes. Sports, 2021; 9(5): 60.
  • 32. Kościółek S. Equity crowdfunding in sports clubs: Consumer- oriented strategic marketing. London: Routledge, 2024.
  • 33. Lange Smith S, Cabot J, Coffee P, Gunnel K, Tod D. The efficacy of psychological skills training for enhancing performance in sport: a review of reviews. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2024; 22(4): 1012–1029.
  • 34. Loland S. The idea of natural athletic performance: An interpretation and a defence. In: Sport, Performance and Sustainability, Svensson, D, Backman, E, Hedenborg, S and Sörlin, S, eds. London: Routledge, 2023.
  • 35. Magano J, Leite Â. The motivation scale for sport consumption: Turkish and Spanish versions’ psychometric properties. Managing Sport and Leisure, 2022; 29(3): 373–391.
  • 36. Manninen M, Dishman R, Hwang Y, Magrum E, Deng Y, Yli Piipari S. Self determination theory based instructional interventions and motivational regulations in organized physical activity: A systematic review and multivariate meta analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2022; 62: 102248.
  • 37. Mascherini G, Petri C, Stefani L, Toncelli L, Bini V, Cala P, Galanti G. The impact of the weight status on cardiovascular parameters related to physical effort in young athletes. In: Physical Activity and Sports Practice in Improving Body Composition and Sustainable Health, Georgian, B and Campa, F, eds. Basel: MDPI, 2021.
  • 38. Megheirkouni M. Psychological contract, leadership, and job satisfaction: An empirical investigation into the non-profit sports sector. Annals of Leisure Research, 2020; 25(2): 203–226.
  • 39. Mennes MA. Motivation – mechanisms of the mind and their quest for expression: Introduction to a study on a theoretical model of the process of motivation. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press., 2023.
  • 40. Miklian J, Katsos JE. Ethical leadership in conflict and crisis: Evidence from leaders on how to make more peaceful, sustainable, and profitable communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024.
  • 41. Monda SJ, Voelker DK, Kimball AC, Cardone D. The student- athlete leadership academy: Ten years of interscholastic sport leadership training. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2016; 7(2): 98–108.
  • 42. Moran AP, Toner J. A critical introduction to sport psychology (3rd ed.). London: Routledge, 2017.
  • 43. Mutter F, Pawlowski T. Role models in sports – Can success in professional sports increase the demand for amateur sport participation?. Sport Management Review, 2013; 17(3): 324–336.
  • 44. Næss HE, Svendsen M. Sport, leadership, and social inclusion. London: Routledge, 2025.
  • 45. Niemandt N. Missional leadership. In: HTS Religion & Society Series Volume 7, Cape Town: AOSIS, 2019.
  • 46. Nista-Piccolo VL, Sobreira V. Sports pedagogy: From initiation to sports training. Sports Coaching Review, 2016; 5(2): 186–188.
  • 47. Northouse PG. Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2021.
  • 48. Ntoumanis N, Pensgaard AM, Martin C, Pipe K. An idiographic analysis of amotivation in compulsory school physical education. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 2004; 26(2): 197–214.
  • 49. Oliveira R, Brito JP. Load monitoring and its relationship with healthcare in sports. In: Improving Athletes’ Performance and Avoiding Health Issues, Brito, JP and Oliveira, R, eds. Basel: MDPI, 2023.
  • 50. Pawlowski T, Downward P, Rasciute S. Does national pride from international sporting success contribute to well-being? An international investigation. Sport Management Review, 2013; 17(2): 121–132.
  • 51. Polirstok S. Building success: The intersection of emotional intelligence, self-regulation, grit and mindset, and high approval teaching. In: Motivation and Success, Taukeni, SG, ed. London: IntechOpen, 2023. 52. Reynolds R, Mjelde JW, Bessler DA. Dynamic relationships among winning in various sports and donations to collegiate athletic departments. Cogent Social Sciences, 2017; 3(1): 1-24.
  • 53. Roldán-Márquez R, Onetti-Onetti W, Alvero-Cruz JR, Castillo-Rodríguez A. Win or lose. physical and physiological responses in paddle tennis competition according to the game result. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2022; 22(4): 479–490.
  • 54. Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2017.
  • 55. Schnirring L. Sports training and growth delay: Is there a connection?. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2001; 29(2): 23–27.
  • 56. Sebire SJ, Standage M, Vansteenkiste M. Examining intrinsic versus extrinsic exercise goals: cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 2009; 31(2): 189– 210.
  • 57. Stajkovic AD, Stajkovic KS. Human sustainability and cognitive overload at work: The psychological cost of working. New York, NY: Routledge, 2025.
  • 58. Sulkowski L, Dacko-Pikiewicz Z, Szczepańska-Woszczyna K. Philosophy and leadership: An evolution of leadership from ancient times to the digital age. New York, NY: Routledge, 2024.
  • 59. Suppiah HT, Low CY, Chia M. Effects of sports training on sleep characteristics of Asian adolescent athletes. Biological Rhythm Research, 2015; 46(4): 523–536.
  • 60. Tendinha R, Alves MD, Freitas T, Appleton G, Gonçalves L, Ihle A, Marques A. Impact of Sports Education Model in Physical Education on Students’ Motivation: A Systematic Review. Children, 2021; 8(7): 588.
  • 61. Thomas O, Kucza G, Schuppisser S. Can sports sponsorship affect consumers’ motivation for sports consumption?. Journal of Promotion Management, 2022; 28(7): 893-922.
  • 62. Tipuric D. The enactment of strategic leadership: A critical perspective. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022.
  • 63. Tokarska E, Rogowska, AM. Motivation and self efficacy in cycling and running athletes: A person centered approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 2025; 16: 1533763.
  • 64. Tóth-Király I, Amoura C, Bőthe B, Orosz G, Rigó A. Predictors and outcomes of core and peripheral sport motivation profiles: A person-centered study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020; 38(8): 897–909.
  • 65. Uusiautti S, Määttä K. The psychology of becoming a successful worker: Research on the changing nature of achievement at work. London: Routledge, 2015.
  • 66. Vallerand RJ, Losier GF. An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1999; 11(1): 142–169.
  • 67. Verwijmeren S, de Vries JD, Bakker AB. Playful sport design: A game changer?. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2023; 36(1): 45–74.
  • 68. Whales L, Frawley S, Cohen A, Nikolova N. We are a team of leaders: Practicing leadership in professional sport. Sport Management Review, 2022; 25(3): 476–500.
  • 69. Willis L, Carver Thomas D, Darling Hammond L. District leadership for racial equity: Lessons from school systems that are closing the gap. New York, NY: Routledge, 2025.
  • 70. Zibung M, Conzelmann A. National youth team football players between the conflicting priorities of sports success and vocational training. European Journal for Sport and Society, 2014; 11(2): 127–150.
  • 71. Zuber C, Zibung M, Conzelmann A. Motivational patterns as an instrument for predicting success in promising young football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2014; 33(2), 160–168.
  • 72. Žydžiūnaitė V. Teacher leadership in school for student learning: Experiences of Lithuanian teachers. Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2025.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Faaliyetleri Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Yönal 0000-0002-1789-6320

Mutlu Türkmen 0000-0003-4534-7553

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 2 Nisan 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1767408
IZ https://izlik.org/JA92KX49CF
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yönal, M., & Türkmen, M. (2026). Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes’ Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 28(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1767408
AMA 1.Yönal M, Türkmen M. Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes’ Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 2026;28(1):1-15. doi:10.15314/tsed.1767408
Chicago Yönal, Mehmet, ve Mutlu Türkmen. 2026. “Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes’ Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 28 (1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1767408.
EndNote Yönal M, Türkmen M (01 Nisan 2026) Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes’ Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 28 1 1–15.
IEEE [1]M. Yönal ve M. Türkmen, “Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes’ Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process”, Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 28, sy 1, ss. 1–15, Nis. 2026, doi: 10.15314/tsed.1767408.
ISNAD Yönal, Mehmet - Türkmen, Mutlu. “Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes’ Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 28/1 (01 Nisan 2026): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1767408.
JAMA 1.Yönal M, Türkmen M. Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes’ Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 2026;28:1–15.
MLA Yönal, Mehmet, ve Mutlu Türkmen. “Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes’ Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 28, sy 1, Nisan 2026, ss. 1-15, doi:10.15314/tsed.1767408.
Vancouver 1.Mehmet Yönal, Mutlu Türkmen. Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes’ Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 01 Nisan 2026;28(1):1-15. doi:10.15314/tsed.1767408
Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi (TJSE) Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.